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Background Eating disorders (EDs) are among the least studied mental disorders in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P). The primary aim (a) of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify factors predicting ED diagnoses in CHR-P individuals. The secondary aim (b) was providing a comprehensive clinical description of individuals with both CHR-P and EDs/ED-related symptoms. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis, searching PubMed/(EBSCO)PsycINFO/Web of Science for studies published between 01/01/2018 and 30/05/2023, including individuals with CHR-P and EDs/ED symptoms (PROSPERO CRD42023488792). Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). We performed a meta-regression model on the proportion of EDs in CHR-P individuals (primary aim) and conducted a narrative synthesis (secondary aim). Results We included 26 articles, reporting on 2,060 and 589 subjects for study aim (a) and (b), respectively (mean NOS score = 6.38). The prevalence of EDs in CHR-P individuals was 0.05 (95% CI 0.3–0.8). No factor had a significant effect on the proportion of EDs in CHR-P individuals. This result is limited by the inability to include ED-related symptoms and antipsychotic prescriptions in the meta-regression model, due to an insufficient number of studies reporting on these variables. The narrative synthesis offers a characterization of individuals with both CHR-P and ED/ED-related symptoms; however, the limited number of included studies is insufficient to support definitive conclusions. Conclusions No significant predictor of EDs was found in CHR-P individuals. Transdiagnostic, prospective cohort studies are warranted to examine long-term outcomes in individuals with both CHR-P and EDs, beyond diagnostic silos. Level of evidence I. Systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Although personality has been widely researched in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), the nature of this relationship has not yet been clearly articulated. The pathoplasty model theorizes that personality might shape symptomatic presentation and thus affect therapeutic outcomes, but more research is needed. The present study aimed at investigating the predictive value of a broad spectrum of personality traits in determining AN and BN treatment outcomes, considering both the statistical and clinical significance of the therapeutic change. Methods Eighty-four female patients with AN and BN treated in a residential program were evaluated at treatment onset using the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-200—a clinician-rated measure of personality disorders and healthy personality functioning. At both intake and discharge, patients completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 to assess eating symptoms and the Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 to evaluate overall impairment. Results Considering overall ED symptomatic change, multiple regression analyses showed that, even when controlling for baseline symptoms and DSM-5 categories, schizoid ( B  = 0.41, p  ≤ 0.01), avoidant ( B  = 0.31, p  ≤ 0.05), and paranoid ( B  = 0.25, p  ≤ 0.05) personality features predicted worse therapeutic outcomes. Similar results were found when applying the clinical significance approach, with the emotionally dysregulated factor as an additional negative predictor of significant/reliable change ( B  =  − 0.09; p  < 0.01). Healthy personality functioning predicted better therapeutic outcomes ( B  =  − 0.34, p  ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Pathoplastic models and personality-based research in this clinical population have the potential to inform effective treatment strategies by targeting relevant individual factors. Level of evidence Level III, longitudinal cohort study.

Emotional dysregulation is a key transdiagnostic dimension of several clinical conditions, including eating disorders (EDs) and gender dysphoria (GD). Not only is there frequent comorbidity between EDs and GD, but GD individuals also commonly experience ED symptoms and body-image disturbances. However, more research is needed to understand how specific body-related experiences may differently interact with difficulties in emotion regulation and dysfunctional eating behaviors in EDs and GD. Thus, the present study aimed at exploring potential associations between emotional dysregulation and ED symptomatology in individuals diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or gender dysphoria (GD), also considering the mediating role of specific dimensions of body uneasiness. A national sample of N  = 96 help-seekers assigned female at birth ( n =  32 with AN, n  = 32 with BN, n  = 32 with GD) was recruited from two specialized care centers. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), while the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure–200 (SWAP-200) was used to evaluate emotional dysregulation. Findings showed that several body uneasiness dimensions mediated the relationship between emotional dysregulation and ED symptoms, in both AN-BN and GD participants. In GD individuals, body avoidance emerged as a significant mediator of the relationship between emotional dysregulation and ED symptoms, whereas in both AN-BN patients and GD individuals, depersonalization toward the body emerged as a significant mediator. The results suggest that the interplay between emotional dysregulation, body uneasiness, and ED symptoms may be crucial for the development of comprehensive and tailored prevention strategies.

This study aimed to characterize the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs), disturbed eating behaviors (DEBs), and emotional eating attitudes (EEAs) among patients affected by endometriosis in order to understand a potential crosslink between this impacting gynecological disease and a Body Mass Index shift. A total of 30 patients were recruited at an endometriosis outpatient clinic in Bologna and were assessed by using standardized instruments and specific questionnaires for EDs, DEBs, and EEAs. Sociodemographic information and endometriosis clinical features and history information were collected by adopting a specific questionnaire. Retrospective reports of lifetime Body Mass Index (BMI) changes, current BMI, peak pain severity during the last menstrual period, and the average of pain intensity during the last intermenstrual period were used for a correlation with the mean score from eating-behavior scales’ assessment. The preliminary results indicate that, although only 3.33% of endometriosis patients are affected by ED, statistically significant differences at the mean scores of DEBs and EEAs assessment scales were found by stratifying patients on the basis of BMI levels at risk for infertility and coronary heart disease and on the basis of moderate/severe pain levels. The enrichment of the sample size and the recruitment of the control group to complete the study enrollment will allow us to investigate more complex and strong correlation findings and to assess the prevalence of EDs among endometriosis patients.