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“Beyond-GDP” metrics are essential for understanding societal progress. Yet despite their importance, these metrics are scattered across various databases, hindering accessibility and interdisciplinary analysis. Addressing this gap, we present the ‘WISE database’ – the first extensive collection of important Beyond-GDP metrics organized by Wellbeing, Inclusion, and Sustainability (WISE) dimensions. The WISE database consolidates data from a variety of sources, including international institutions and academic publications. It encompasses over one million data points across 244 metrics, covering 218 countries and 61 country groupings, from specific social and environmental indicators to the main Beyond-GDP indexes, and is augmented by essential metadata. The data primarily spans from 1995 to 2015, with some metrics extending back to the 19 th century. To improve accessibility and data interpretation, a user-friendly online visualization tool has been developed. The WISE database aims to foster a broader view of societal progress, facilitate research on synergies and trade-offs of wellbeing, inclusion, and sustainability, and provide a foundation for interdisciplinary research.

Within Indonesia, the structure of consumption and production differs significantly across provinces. This implies that carbon footprints and intensities between provinces are also diverse. This paper calculates historical consumption- and production-based carbon emissions at the provincial level using a multi-scale input-output (IO) database for 2010, in which an environmentally extended multi-regional IO (EE MRIO) table for 34 Indonesian provinces is integrated in the global EE MRIO EXIOBASE with data for 43 countries and 5 rest of the world regions. Emissions from consumption are detailed by product and their points of origin, while emissions from production are detailed by industry and their destinations. Our results show the heterogeneity of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions under both sides. The Java region is a net importer of carbon emission, while Sumatra and Kalimantan are net exporters. In the global context, the Asia Pacific region plays important role in national GHG emissions. Services product contributed 57.1% of national consumption-based GHG emissions, followed by manufacture (30.6%), and agriculture (12.3%). On the national level, 63.5% of national GHG emissions are related to household consumption. There is a high disparity across provinces in Indonesia in carbon footprints. Provincial average per capita carbon footprints vary from 2 t CO 2 e/capita in East Nusa Tenggara to 13.84 t CO 2 e/capita in East Kalimantan. Carbon intensity also varies from 0.83 kt CO 2 e/M Euro in Jakarta to 2.37 kt CO 2 e/M Euro in North Kalimantan. Agriculture and food products dominate household carbon footprints, while construction leads in government carbon footprints. Utilities and transportation services play important roles on national carbon intensities. We further correlated the Human Development Index (HDI) with per capita carbon footprints and expenditure, and find that provinces with similar GHG emissions and expenditure per capita income as Java, tend to have a lower HDI. Understanding development status and province-level characteristics is important for selecting policy strategies.

Indonesia is a Developing Country (DC) where more than 13 percent of her population live below the poverty line and approximately half of all households are near the national poverty line. While at the national level, Indonesia has sufficient food production to be self supporting, not all regions have the same endowment of agricultural productive capacity which can result in regional shortages. This study examines the extent to which a reduction in Indonesia\"s trade and transport margins can reduce interregional agri-food prices and thus help improve food security. As few studies explore the impact of intra-national trade barriers; this paper makes a unique contribution to this small, but important literature. Findings suggest that reducing trade margin or \"soft infrastructure\" margins is the more effective approach to improving economic outcomes across Indonesia\"s regions. Further, while reducing trade margins improved the poverty incidence for residence in all regions, the primary beneficiaries of this investment were those that live in urban areas. Results will be of interest to those interested in supporting the welfare of individuals in developing countries, and particularly living in island nations.

Instant coffee products are very popular for consumers, at both urban and rural levels. Consumer loyalties respond to various attributes of instant coffee products, grouped by internal and external factors. The study using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The proposed method provides a direct mapping from configuration loyalty attributes to consumer behavior. The algorithm used in training set is Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) with random data division and the performance is calculated using MSE. The result revealed that internal factors were effective predictors of a lower preference in consumer loyalties whereas external factors were more effective in predicting a higher preference in consumer loyalties. This research represents a first attempt to use neural networking to model the relationship between consumer-producer attributes and consumer loyalties.

An interregional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) approach is used to measure the impact of variable internal trade costs have on regional consumer welfare and interregional market integration within the Indonesian economy. Existing high interregional price differences in the agri-food markets suggest the presence of variable internal trade costs, which serve as effective barriers to interregional trade. Given the important role of agri-food markets in both food security and income generation for rural households, these price differences can have significant welfare impacts on both producers and consumers. Reducing the costs of trade between Indonesia's various regions could facilitate interregional trade. Trade costs consist of various components, such as trade and transport margins, which vary in their welfare and distribution effects; as such, reducing each cost component is likely to yield different effects on regional welfare. To assess the extent to which aggregate trade costs may contribute to observed interregional price differences in Indonesia's agri-food markets, an interregional CGE modeling framework is used to separately analyze the individual impacts of trade margin and transport margin on trade flow within the Indonesian Economy. The interregional SAM-based CGE model (IRSAM) constructed by Resosudarmo et al. (2009) for the Indonesian economy is used in this analysis. IRSAM divides the economic activities for each of Indonesia's five major economic regions into 35 production sectors, 6 labor classifications, 2 types of capital, 2 types of household, local government and companies, and maintains other national accounts. In this analysis, the trade and transportation margins between regions originally imbedded in the trade and transportation sectors of the IRSAM were netted out of these sectors and isolated into separate margin accounts unique to each industry and region. Three interregional trade flow simulations are performed using the modified CGE model and the simulated output is subsequently evaluated relative to the existing baseline condition. The three simulations individually examine the economic impact of a reduction in trade margin or transport margin on a variety of micro and macroeconomic variables used to estimate policy induced trade flow and welfare impacts in each region. Specifically, the impact of trade costs under three scenarios is considered: (1) reduce trade margin to 50% of its baseline value for all agri-food commodities; (2) reduce transport margin to 50% of its baseline value for all agri-food commodities; and (3) reduce transport margin to 10% of its baseline value for all (not just agri-food) commodities. Results from these simulations varied depend upon which type of trade costs was adjusted. Reducing trade margin has higher impact to the increase of regional GDP, compared to reducing transport margin. It suggest that reducing trade margin or \"soft infrastructure\" margin offers the more effective approach to improving economic outcomes across Indonesia's regions. Also, reducing trade margin improved the poverty incidence for residence in all regions; however, the primary beneficiaries of this policy were those live in urban areas.