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"Russell, B"
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The woman who fell to earth
When a body falls on to the roof of Tanya Sewell's house in the middle of the night, the world's media arrives, demanding answers. Tanya recognises the woman as her old friend, the researcher Catherine Richards, but where did she come from and how did she end up on Tanya's roof? The reporters move on, but Tanya is unable to, not least because she has inherited Catherine's house, which is full of more books than Tanya could imagine any one person owning. But there is another remarkable development, and Tanya finds herself caught up in a confusion of space and time, books and authors, fact and fiction, all of which seem to be the result of the mysterious Sixtystone, an artefact referred to in the fourteenth century by a third-century geographer, Solinus, and in the fiction of the nineteenth-century author Arthur Machen.
BOOK
Maximum likelihood estimation and inference
\"Applied Likelihood Methods provides an accessible and practical introduction to likelihood modeling, supported by examples and software. The book features applications from a range of disciplines, including statistics, medicine, biology, and ecology. The methods are implemented in SAS--the most widely used statistical software package--and the data sets and SAS code are provided on a Web site, enabling the reader to use the methods to solve problems in their own work. This book serves as an ideal text for applied scientists and researchers and graduate students of statistics\"--
eBook
Walt Disney's Silly Symphonies : a companion to the classic cartoon series
\"Launched by Walt Disney in 1929 as a \"musical novelty\" series to complement his recent success with Mickey Mouse, the Silly Symphonies soon became much more. This line of delightfully innovative, animated cartoons ran for ten years and produced such classics as Three Little Pigs, The Tortoise and the Hare, Music Land, and The Old Mill. Silly Symphonies won every Academy Award. From the authors of the prize-winning Walt in Wonderland: The Silent Films of Walt Disney, this richly illustrated volume is a complete history of the Silly Symphonies including detailed entries for all the Symphonies along with a lengthy critical analysis and production history of the series. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Slingshot: cell lineage and pseudotime inference for single-cell transcriptomics
Background
Single-cell transcriptomics allows researchers to investigate complex communities of heterogeneous cells. It can be applied to stem cells and their descendants in order to chart the progression from multipotent progenitors to fully differentiated cells. While a variety of statistical and computational methods have been proposed for inferring cell lineages, the problem of accurately characterizing multiple branching lineages remains difficult to solve.
Results
We introduce Slingshot, a novel method for inferring cell lineages and pseudotimes from single-cell gene expression data. In previously published datasets, Slingshot correctly identifies the biological signal for one to three branching trajectories. Additionally, our simulation study shows that Slingshot infers more accurate pseudotimes than other leading methods.
Conclusions
Slingshot is a uniquely robust and flexible tool which combines the highly stable techniques necessary for noisy single-cell data with the ability to identify multiple trajectories. Accurate lineage inference is a critical step in the identification of dynamic temporal gene expression.
Journal Article
Natural Selection Constrains Neutral Diversity across A Wide Range of Species
The neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that the amount of neutral polymorphisms within a species will increase proportionally with the census population size (Nc). However, this prediction has not been borne out in practice: while the range of Nc spans many orders of magnitude, levels of genetic diversity within species fall in a comparatively narrow range. Although theoretical arguments have invoked the increased efficacy of natural selection in larger populations to explain this discrepancy, few direct empirical tests of this hypothesis have been conducted. In this work, we provide a direct test of this hypothesis using population genomic data from a wide range of taxonomically diverse species. To do this, we relied on the fact that the impact of natural selection on linked neutral diversity depends on the local recombinational environment. In regions of relatively low recombination, selected variants affect more neutral sites through linkage, and the resulting correlation between recombination and polymorphism allows a quantitative assessment of the magnitude of the impact of selection on linked neutral diversity. By comparing whole genome polymorphism data and genetic maps using a coalescent modeling framework, we estimate the degree to which natural selection reduces linked neutral diversity for 40 species of obligately sexual eukaryotes. We then show that the magnitude of the impact of natural selection is positively correlated with Nc, based on body size and species range as proxies for census population size. These results demonstrate that natural selection removes more variation at linked neutral sites in species with large Nc than those with small Nc and provides direct empirical evidence that natural selection constrains levels of neutral genetic diversity across many species. This implies that natural selection may provide an explanation for this longstanding paradox of population genetics.
Journal Article
Narratives of storytelling across cultures : the complexities of intercultural communication
Narratives of Storytelling Across Cultures demonstrates how meaning found within interpersonal communication is not universal across all cultures. Miscommunication can occur when the foundations of cultural meaning within stories, as told socially and within media, vary among different cultures. Positioned within the communication and media field, this book connects issues of societal tension and political battles to media portrayals, social communication events, and power dynamics that result when people with different meanings systems attempt to negotiate \"truth\" among their competing narratives. After establishing the theoretical foundation of the book, contributors provide specific case studies that demonstrate underlying cultural components and complexities that lead to these issues. Tony R. DeMars and Gabriel Tait have assembled contributors with research, experience, and understanding of intercultural communication challenges in different social groups, allowing the book to take on a broader scope of intercultural communication. Scholars of communication, conflict resolution, political science, sociology, and media studies will find this book particularly useful.
Book
Library-based analysis reveals segment and length dependent characteristics of defective influenza genomes
Found in a diverse set of viral populations, defective interfering particles are parasitic variants that are unable to replicate on their own yet rise to relatively high frequencies. Their presence is associated with a loss of population fitness, both through the depletion of key cellular resources and the stimulation of innate immunity. For influenza A virus, these particles contain large internal deletions in the genomic segments which encode components of the heterotrimeric polymerase. Using a library-based approach, we comprehensively profile the growth and replication of defective influenza species, demonstrating that they possess an advantage during genome replication, and that exclusion during population expansion reshapes population composition in a manner consistent with their final, observed, distribution in natural populations. We find that an innate immune response is not linked to the size of a deletion; however, replication of defective segments can enhance their immunostimulatory properties. Overall, our results address several key questions in defective influenza A virus biology, and the methods we have developed to answer those questions may be broadly applied to other defective viruses.
Journal Article
Early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder
\"This book examines early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) programs for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It analyzes current research on early intervention (EI) and explains the importance of accurate, timely detection of ASD in facilitating the use of EI. Chapters address five widely researched EIBI approaches: Discrete Trial Training, Pivotal Response Training, the Early Start Denver Model, Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching, and Enhanced Milieu Teaching. This in-depth study of current EIBI approaches offers a rigorous guide to earlier and more intensive interventions for children with ASD, leading to greater autonomy and improved later life outcomes for individuals\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
The use of single-cell RNA-seq to study heterogeneity at varying levels of virus–host interactions
The outcome of viral infection depends on the diversity of the infecting viral population and the heterogeneity of the cell population that is infected. Until almost a decade ago, the study of these dynamic processes during viral infection was challenging and limited to certain targeted measurements. Presently, with the use of single-cell sequencing technology, the complex interface defined by the interactions of cells with infecting virus can now be studied across the breadth of the transcriptome in thousands of individual cells simultaneously. In this review, we will describe the use of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to study the heterogeneity of viral infections, ranging from individual virions to the immune response between infected individuals. In addition, we highlight certain key experimental limitations and methodological decisions that are critical to analyzing scRNA-seq data at each scale.
Journal Article