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"Russell, Lynette"
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Encountering Indigenous histories: Contact, engagement, and two ways of looking
Often we only have one side of the story, but additional sources of evidence allow US to infer the perspectives of Australia's First Nations peoples when they encountered early explorers like Matthew Flinders and William Dampier.
Journal Article
There From the Start: Aboriginal Involvement in the Early Development of Australian Archaeology
While it is certainly the case that Indigenous Australians have suffered the consequences of being treated in an objectifying and derogatory fashion during the nineteenth and much of the twentieth centuries by archaeologists and others, they were not mere observers of the creation of a 65,000-year narrative of their history that has become important in the modern story of Australia. Rather, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians were involved in illuminating knowledge of Australia’s deep history from at least as early as the 1830s. This story has not been told up to now. By examining the extent of early Indigenous involvement in the development of Australian archaeology, this paper demonstrates that far from archaeological research having been something simply imposed upon Aboriginal people, their intellectual property has been critical in all stages of its development. At a time when serious gaps are being identified in the ways the history of Australian archaeology has been presented, it is an urgent task to insert this hidden history of Indigenous involvement in Australia’s archaeology. Reading ‘against the grain’, we seek to bring to the fore the role of Aboriginal interlocutors whose opinions and expertise were constantly sought by early archaeologists grappling with establishing archaeological frameworks to understand the deep history of a continent, Deconstructing the current master narratives of the history of Australian archaeology will have significant ramifications for how the discipline is taught and practiced, and for the general public’s appreciation of the role of Indigenous Australians in shaping the nation’s history.
Journal Article
Settler Colonial Governance in Nineteenth-Century Victoria
This collection represents a serious re-examination of existing work on the Aboriginal history of nineteenth-century Victoria, deploying the insights of postcolonial thought to wrench open the inner workings of territorial expropriation and its historically tenacious variability. Colonial historians have frequently asserted that the management and control of Aboriginal people in colonial Victoria was historically exceptional; by the end of the century, colonies across mainland Australia looked to Victoria as a ‘model’ for how to manage the problem of Aboriginal survival. This collection carefully traces the emergence and enactment of this ‘model’ in the years after colonial separation, the idiosyncrasies of its application and the impact it had on Aboriginal lives.
eBook
Roving Mariners
For most Australian Aboriginal people, the impact of colonialism
was blunt-dispossession, dislocation, disease, murder, and
missionization. Yet there is another story of Australian history
that has remained untold, a story of enterprise and
entrepreneurship, of Aboriginal people seizing the opportunity to
profit from life at sea as whalers and sealers. In some cases
participation was voluntary; in others it was more invidious and
involved kidnapping and trade in women. In many cases, the
individuals maintained and exercised a degree of personal autonomy
and agency within their new circumstances. This book explores some
of their lives and adventures by analyzing archival records of
maritime industry, captains' logs, ships' records, and the journals
of the sailors themselves, among other artifacts. Much of what is
known about this period comes from the writings of Herman Melville,
and in this book Melville's whaling novels act as a prism through
which relations aboard ships are understood. Drawing on both
history and literature, Roving Mariners provides a
comprehensive history of Australian Aboriginal whaling and sealing.
eBook
What we were told
In July 2017, a new date was published from archaeological excavations in western Arnhem Land that pushed the opening chapters of Australian history back to 65,000 years ago.1 It is the latest development in a time revolution that has gripped the nation over the past half century. Stimulated by this new research, the authors of this article, together with geochronologist Bert Roberts, held a forum in Wollongong to explore the ways in which the Australian public have made sense of the deep Aboriginal history of Australia. A distillation of this discussion was published in The Conversation in November 2017 with the title, 'When Did Australia's Human History Begin?'
Journal Article
Borrowed dances: Appropriation, authenticity and performing 'Identity' in Prescott, Arizona, 1921-1990
In 1921, a group of white businessmen decided to include native dances into the financially embattled annual Wild West rodeo of Prescott, Arizona. These dances, which came to be known as the Smoki (pronounced: snoke-eye) 'ceremonies', ran from that first performance to its seventieth show held in 1990. The Smoki was much more than an annual performance of native burlesque and borrowed dances. The Smoki was in fact a large, well-connected group of up to 500 people who saw themselves as a 'tribe' or a people. They rehearsed, researched and studied native dances in an effort to present an 'authentic' native experience. The Smoki functioned like a club or fraternal order with initiation rites, leaders (chiefs), head women (squaws), and various regalia and insignias intended to denote these roles. Full membership was by invitation and members - both men and women - were tattooed on the outside edge of their hands in order to mark their membership. By the wearing of the tattoo, a Smoki was literally member for life. Being a Smoki was central to the identity of these men and their families, and to this day they have annual reunions and get-togethers.
Journal Article
\Dirty Domestics and Worse Cooks\: Aboriginal Women's Agency and Domestic Frontiers, Southern Australia, 1800-1850
When the Australian historian Jan Critchett implied, somewhat provocatively, that the \"frontier\" might be understood to run down the bed shared by an Aboriginal woman and a European man, she highlighted the importance of the domestic sphere and the intimate relationships between men and women in colonial Australia.1 In many ways the domestic sphere appears to be the most mundane of settings; there is an assumed immediate appreciation of what domesticity looks like at any given historical period. Such an implication is unavoidable, however, for it connects with and acknowledges the privilege that has enabled \"white\" academic research to provide a creative \"enunciative space\" for developing historical models.6 An imperative component of this is the need for researchers consciously to present their subject position and their relationship to the material.7 Elsewhere I have discussed at length how establishing my own Aboriginal heritage created an ambivalent and entirely uncertain subjectivity.
Journal Article
The Invisible Hand of Pedagogy in Australian Indigenous Studies and Indigenous Education
The Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC)-funded project ‘Exploring Problem-Based Learning Pedagogy as Transformative Education in Indigenous Australian Studies’ raised a number of issues that resonated with concerns we have had as professionals engaged in teaching and researching Australian Indigenous studies and Indigenous education. In this discursive paper we air some of the concerns we share which emerge from our collective research and teaching interests. We argue that Australian Indigenous studies and Indigenous education are too frequently collapsed or used interchangeably, and while there is tension between these areas rather than see as a problem we chose to interrogate this and argue for the potential for fruitful intellectual collaboration. This article problematises pedagogy and finds that sustained effort needs to be made to understand how pedagogical approaches to Australian Indigenous studies and Indigenous education are guiding and shaping each cognate area.
Journal Article
Fifty Years On: History's Handmaiden? A Plea for Capital H History
This article considers the discipline of historical archaeology as it reaches its 50-year milestone. A call to integrate history and archaeology more closely and, in particular, to think about methods for exploring interdisciplinarity is proposed Through the conceptual frameworks of hybridity and bricolage a material approach is discussed and suggestions offered for ways to integrate history and archaeology, and consider \"Capital H History.\" With an Australian settler/colonial focus, the article ponders the relationships, similarities, and schisms between historical archaeology and indigenous or community archaeology through a discussion of early European contact sites, artifacts, and conceptual categories. It is argued that the study of the past emerges from the intersection between words and things. Here, in the realm of the tangible and intangible, where images, artifacts, and ephemera all provide evidence of the past--a synthesized history is possible.
Journal Article