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This study investigates the density level of the Jabodetabek KRL stations and routes and the spatial pattern of the Jabodetabek KRL. The method used is spatial autocorrelation calculation using the Moran’s Index putting on data PT KCI from 2014 through 2020, spatial data from BIG, and BPS population data. The study results show that the stations and the routes were congested. Still, there was a drastic decrease in passengers when the Covid-19 outbreak entered Indonesia in March 2020. There was positive autocorrelation and spatial patterns forming Clusters which means that it is necessary to create new lines and stations to break up the current overcrowding of train passengers. As a result, understanding the density level of stations and routes and the passenger density distribution pattern at Jabodetabek stations may be utilized to design the building of new stations and lines at KRL Jabodetabek, thereby increasing the degree of comfort, safety, and security.

The socio-economic development in Jakarta-Bandung Mega Urban Region (JBMUR) caused the increasing of urban expansion and led to a variety of environmental damage such as uncontrolled land use conversion and raising anthropogenic disaster. The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the driving forces of urban expansion that occurs on JBMUR and (2) to analyze the environmental quality decline on JBMUR by producing time series spatial distribution map and spatial autocorrelation of floods and landslide as the proxy of anthropogenic disaster. The driving forces of urban expansion in this study were identified by employing Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model using 6 (six) independent variables, namely: population density, percentage of agricultural land, distance to the center of capital city/municipality, percentage of household who works in agricultural sector, distance to the provincial road, and distance to the local road. The GWR results showed that local demographic, social and economic factors including distance to the road spatially affect urban expansion in JBMUR. The time series spatial distribution map of floods and landslide event showed the spatial cluster of anthropogenic disaster in some areas. Through Local Moran Index, we found that environmental damage in one location has a significant impact on the condition of its surrounding area.

Land conversion is the result of a complex interaction between physical, social, and economic activities in land use as human activities in natural resource management. Currently, the land conversion phenomenon is a common sight that we often encounter at any time. As happened in the Puncak area of Bogor Regency, land conversion, the increasing demand for land, has led to increasing land conversion. This study aims to (1) identify land conversion in Bogor Regency in 2005-2015, (2) predict agricultural land conversion in 2035 based on land use trends in Puncak District, Bogor Regency. The analytical methods used are remote sensing techniques, spatial analysis, and making land-use scenarios with GIS and ANN analysis. The results showed that land conversion in Puncak Subdistrict, Bogor Regency during 2005-2019 caused the area of agricultural land to decrease by an average of 82.59 hectares every year due to conversion to developed land and open land. From the prediction of changes in agricultural land area in 2035, it shows a decrease in rice fields and fields on average 60.90 hectares every year. However, the plantation area has increased by an average of 24.35 hectares every year due to the conversion from forest and shrubs.

Sago plants (Metroxylon spp.) hold significant potential as carbohydrate sources in Indonesia, notably on Bengkalis Island, Riau, where sago plantations cover 67,759 ha, primarily community-owned (84.75%) and large private plantations (15.25%). Beyond its abundance, sago presents an alternative for sago noodles, offering economic prospects and energy absorption activities. This study examines the socio-economic impact of sago noodles’s ecosystem business in Airputih Village, Bengkalis Island, and evaluating the involvement of young farmers through the One Village One CEO program. Employing survey and Focus Group Discussions with sago noodle stakeholders, including farmers, processors, and development partners, involving 30 participants, the research employs descriptive statistics for analysis. Economic betterment is pursued through training and guidance on sago noodle processing, with experts from IPB enhancing drying and packaging techniques. The island’s sago production stands at 400kg/day, with sago noodle production creating job opportunities and improving social statuses. Furthermore, the Peatland and Mangrove Restoration Agency (BRGM) plays a pivotal role by restoring peat and mangrove areas and providing training and market networks for sago noodle products.

Spatial Planning (RTRW) is a policy direction and strategy for using regional space used as a reference by the Governments. Inconsistencies often occur between current land use (LU) and spatial planning. The research focus is a similar land use in villages/ kelurahan on the border of the two regions. Similar land use is essential to compare inconsistencies in two adjacent districts/cities (e.g., inconsistency occurs in paddy fields in district A, not in district B). The research objectives are 1). Identify LU and its changes in the border area of Bogor Regency and City in 2010-2020, and 2). Analyze similar land use (2020) and alignment with RTRW. The analysis used is the logical matrix tabulation, geographic information system (GIS), and scalogram. The study locations identified 62 villages on the border of Bogor Regency and City. In the border area of Bogor Regency and City, the dominant land use is settlements, and between 2010 to 2020, there is an increase in the area of settlements by 2.196 hectares. This shows that regional development has expanded to the periphery. Furthermore, the alignment of land use with spatial patterns on similar lands in border areas can see the tendency of regional spatial planning policies, whether exploitation or conservation.

The aim of this research were to: (1) study on socio-economics from Renewable Energy Hybrid Power Plant (PLTH) electricity development for rural communities, (2) find out information related to average households beneficiaries of electricity (pre and post the utilization of electrical energy hybrid electricity at Baru Beach. The research was conducted at Baru Beach, Yogyakarta Special Region on November - December, 2017. The data used were primary and secondary data. The research was conducted by surveying 68 respondents who are direct beneficiaries of hybrid electric energy utilization activities in Baru Beach. The analytical method used in this part of the study is the visualization analysis of the Baru Beach map area for 20072017, analysis of household income, and Paired Sample T-test. The results showed that: (1) based on changes in the map of Pantai Baru area in 2007-2017, changes in road changes, the access and connectivity of this region to other regions have become much better. In the analysis of income obtained, post PLTH was developed at Baru Beach. The income analysis was found that, post PLTH was developed in Baru Beach, there was an increase in the average income in the non-agricultural sector and household income for PLTH electricity beneficiaries, but there was a decrease in the average income value in the agricultural sector, (2) based on Paired Sample T-Test analysis show there is a significant difference the average household income post PLTH developed at Baru Beach with a significance level of 0.041. Thus the results of this research conclude that there is any a socio-economic impact from the utilization of renewable electricity not only for the beneficiaries of electricity in rural communities, but also for the development of local area.

The purpose of this study is to identify sustainability variables in domestic wastewater management in informal self-help housing in Bogor City. The analysis tool used is MICMAC analysis, which can identify variables of influences and dependences, mapped in a graph to explain the relationships between variables, and know the causal chain of a system. The identified variables are derived from books, journals, regulations issued by the government, field observations, in-depth interviews with stakeholders, focuss group discussion. The result of the MICMAC analysis is 1) very influential variables as key variables include: variables of the role of government and social capital; 2) relay variables or variables that are influential but highly dependent, including variables of community participation and empowerment, knowledge and education, sharing community resources, financial assistance, non-financial assistance, provision/ construction of facilities and infrastructure, operation and maintenance of facilities and infrastructure, community institutions, management collaboration, policy reform, budget support, regulations for providing incentives/disincentives and rewards/sanctions that are implemented; 3) depending variables or result variables are variable of spatial and building planning; 4) excluded variables or variables whose influence is relatively small on the system are variables of culture and customs, alternative financing, land provision and legal aspects of land, partnerships between government, private, community and volunteer organizations and asset security.

The sustainability of the agricultural sector in Indonesia, especially the food crop subsector is currently faced with serious threats. It is necessary to develop indicators that can be used to measure the sustainability of the rice farming system in Indonesia so that it can be used as a reference for formulating agricultural development strategies to maintain its sustainability. This research focuses on developing indicators to measure the level of sustainability of rice agriculture at the provincial level in Indonesia. From the results of the literature review and focus group discussion (FGD), a list of indicator nominations was obtained which were then analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Based on the results of the PCA, four principal components consisting of sixteen indicators with a total variance value explained at 73.84% can be used as a reference to assess the sustainability of rice farming at the provincial level, namely: farmer exchange rate, rice productivity, ratio of irrigated land, cropping index, crop failure because of drought, population growth rate, access to financing services, chemical fertilizers, ratio of young farmers, village road access, agricultural extension program, local resource utilization, field extension staff, location-specific technology, extension institutions and farmer groups grade qualification. The list of indicators can be used as a reference for evaluating the sustainability of rice agriculture at the provincial levels in Indonesia.

Urbanization and population growth are logical consequences for economic growth and regional development. In the face of the pressure of urbanization, both in the form of competition for land use and increasing food needs, an adaptation effort of the agricultural system is needed. This study analyzes the patterns of in-situ urbanization that occurred in Batu City, East Java, and the dynamics of the development of agricultural areas in Batu City. This study used land use change analysis, descriptive statistics on socio-economic data, and spatial clustering analysis to map and obtain a relationship between in-situ urbanization processes that occur with the development of agricultural areas in Batu City. The results of this study indicate that there was a strong relationship between the process of in-situ urbanization that occurred in Batu City towards changes in agricultural land use and resulted in the adaptation of a multifunctional farming system in Batu City. There are three types of multifunction agriculture in the Batu City, with focused on incorporating the tourism and agriculture, and create a strong social-environmental awareness of the sustainability development. The development of multifunctional agriculture in Batu City is one of the main strategies to face of current in-situ urbanization.

Oil-palm products are contributes significantly to economic growth, creating jobs and government revenue. Of the 14 million ha of Indonesian oil palm plantation, 40% are smallholder farming characterized by low productivity, irregular distribution, and fragmented. The lack of smallholder farming traceability information is one of the main issues for product certification, which make it difficult to access the international markets and is an obstacle to increasing productivity and developing rural-based processing. The OPTIMAL-IPB technology using Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach provides precise spatial information. The objectives of this research, which were carried out in Jambi Province are to detect precisely: (1) the positions, numbers, and areas of smallholder oil palm plantation in the village with precision; (2) the suitability of the spatial distribution of oil palm plantations compared to the spatial plan (RTRW); (3) potential income of farmers and land tax at village level based on production estimates. The study significantly increased the accuracy and detailed information of palm oil farming data, providing essential information for land use control and the traceability of oil palm products. Village and regency governments can utilize this spatial information system for income tax calculations, preparing various production, and income improvement programs.