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"Ryan, Anthony"
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Computer vision in autism spectrum disorder research: a systematic review of published studies from 2009 to 2019
The current state of computer vision methods applied to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research has not been well established. Increasing evidence suggests that computer vision techniques have a strong impact on autism research. The primary objective of this systematic review is to examine how computer vision analysis has been useful in ASD diagnosis, therapy and autism research in general. A systematic review of publications indexed on PubMed, IEEE Xplore and ACM Digital Library was conducted from 2009 to 2019. Search terms included [‘autis*’ AND (‘computer vision’ OR ‘behavio* imaging’ OR ‘behavio* analysis’ OR ‘affective computing’)]. Results are reported according to PRISMA statement. A total of 94 studies are included in the analysis. Eligible papers are categorised based on the potential biological/behavioural markers quantified in each study. Then, different computer vision approaches that were employed in the included papers are described. Different publicly available datasets are also reviewed in order to rapidly familiarise researchers with datasets applicable to their field and to accelerate both new behavioural and technological work on autism research. Finally, future research directions are outlined. The findings in this review suggest that computer vision analysis is useful for the quantification of behavioural/biological markers which can further lead to a more objective analysis in autism research.
Journal Article
Blood song
Raised by the Brothers of the Sixth Order, Vaelin Al Sorna, a Warrior of the Faith, must battle the Empire and even his own father in the first book of a new fantasy trilogy.
Book
Impact of antibiotics on the human microbiome and consequences for host health
It is well established that the gut microbiota plays an important role in host health and is perturbed by several factors including antibiotics. Antibiotic‐induced changes in microbial composition can have a negative impact on host health including reduced microbial diversity, changes in functional attributes of the microbiota, formation, and selection of antibiotic‐resistant strains making hosts more susceptible to infection with pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile. Antibiotic resistance is a global crisis and the increased use of antibiotics over time warrants investigation into its effects on microbiota and health. In this review, we discuss the adverse effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and thus host health, and suggest alternative approaches to antibiotic use. Antibiotics can have several negative impacts on host health; both direct and indirect effects. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host health regulation. Effects of antibiotics on the host through the gut microbiome are immense and can affect various functions including immune regulation, metabolic activities, and thus overall health.
Journal Article
Perinatal factors affect the gut microbiota up to four years after birth
Perinatal factors impact gut microbiota development in early life, however, little is known on the effects of these factors on microbes in later life. Here we sequence DNA from faecal samples of children over the first four years and reveal a perpetual evolution of the gut microbiota during this period. The significant impact of gestational age at birth and delivery mode on gut microbiota progression is evident in the first four years of life, while no measurable effects of antibiotics are found in the first year. Microbiota profiles are also characteristic in children dependant on gestational age and maturity. Full term delivery is characterised by
Bacteroides
(year one),
Parabacteroides
(year two) and
Christensenellaceae
(year four). Preterm delivery is characterised by
Lactobacillus
(year one),
Streptococcus
(year two) and
Carnobacterium
(year four). This study reveals that the gut retains distinct microbial profiles of perinatal factors up to four years of age.
Early life microbiome is affected by factors such as mode of delivery, gestational age at birth and feeding regime. Here, the authors show that gestational age at birth still imprints on the microbiome at four years of age, suggesting a link between altered microbiome in prematurity and long term health implications.
Journal Article
The wolf's call
\"Vaelin Al Sorna, the once-epic warrior and hero of many battles, is now the Tower Lord of the Northern Reaches. He spends his days policing the remote region against smugglers. But then he captures an assassin from the Far West. The thwarted killer tells Vaelin that the entire Far West is in peril of genocidal invasion and that the healer Sherin, now practicing her arts on the northern frontier of the lands of the Merchant Kings, will be one of the first to die. Vaelin sails for the Far West to warn her. And finds himself in the very center of a conflict that will open old wounds and rend new ones--if he survives at all\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Flash
\"When Wally West, the adolescent nephew of the Flash's fiancee accidentally gained powers of superspeed, he became the Scarlet Speedster's sidekick. Growing up as his hero's protege, Kid Flash had a childhood of amazing action and adventure. But on the day that The Flash died, Wally's carefree adolescence abruptly ended and his life as an adult began. THE FLASH BY MARK WAID BOOK ONE looks back at Wally's earliest days as the Kid Flash and explores the gamut of his emotions and experiences from his first day as a child hero to his succession of Barry Allen as the new Flash. A journey full of humor and drama, this story shows just how much Wally West loves being the fastest man alive\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Flow-induced crystallisation of polymers from aqueous solution
Synthetic polymers are thoroughly embedded in the modern society and their consumption grows annually. Efficient routes to their production and processing have never been more important. In this respect, silk protein fibrillation is superior to conventional polymer processing, not only by achieving outstanding physical properties of materials, such as high tensile strength and toughness, but also improved process energy efficiency. Natural silk solidifies in response to flow of the liquid using conformation-dependent intermolecular interactions to desolvate (denature) protein chains. This mechanism is reproduced here by an aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solution, which solidifies at ambient conditions when subjected to flow. The transition requires that an energy threshold is exceeded by the flow conditions, which disrupts a protective hydration shell around polymer molecules, releasing them from a metastable state into the thermodynamically favoured crystalline state. This mechanism requires vastly lower energy inputs and demonstrates an alternative route for polymer processing.
With the rise in polymer consumption, energy efficient techniques for polymer processing become more important. Using poly(ethylene oxide) aqueous solutions, the authors show that flow can causes a change of polymer solubility resulting in polymer crystallisation at ambient conditions.
Journal Article