Explore the vast range of titles available.

We report the first observation of seasonal modulations in the rates of cosmic ray multiple-muon events at two underground sites, the MINOS Near Detector with an overburden of 225 mwe, and the MINOS Far Detector site at 2100 mwe. At the deeper site, multiple-muon events with muons separated by more than 8 m exhibit a seasonal rate that peaks during the summer, similar to that of single-muon events. In contrast and unexpectedly, the rate of multiple-muon events with muons separated by less than 5-8 m, and the rate of multiple-muon events in the smaller, shallower Near Detector, exhibit a seasonal rate modulation that peaks in the winter.

A sample of 1.53\\(\\times\\)10\\(^{9}\\) cosmic-ray-induced single muon events has been recorded at 225 meters-water-equivalent using the MINOS Near Detector. The underground muon rate is observed to be highly correlated with the effective atmospheric temperature. The coefficient \\(\\alpha_{T}\\), relating the change in the muon rate to the change in the vertical effective temperature, is determined to be 0.428\\(\\pm\\)0.003(stat.)\\(\\pm\\)0.059(syst.). An alternative description is provided by the weighted effective temperature, introduced to account for the differences in the temperature profile and muon flux as a function of zenith angle. Using the latter estimation of temperature, the coefficient is determined to be 0.352\\(\\pm\\)0.003(stat.)\\(\\pm\\)0.046(syst.).

We report measurements of oscillation parameters from \\(\\nu_{mu}\\) and \\(\\bar{\\nu}_{\\mu}\\) disappearance using beam and atmospheric data from MINOS. The data comprise exposures of \\unit[\\(10.71 \\times 10^{20}\\)]{protons on target (POT)} in the \\(\\nu_{\\mu}\\)-dominated beam, \\(\\unit[3.36\\times10^{20}]{POT}}\\) in the \\(\\bar{\\nu}_{\\mu}\\)-enhanced beam, and 37.88 kton-years of atmospheric neutrinos. Assuming identical \\(\\nu\\) and \\(\\bar{\\nu}\\) oscillation parameters, we measure \\mbox{\\(|\\Delta m^2}| = \\unit[2.41^{+0.09}_{-0.10}) \\times 10^{-3}]{eV^{2}}\\)} and \\(\\sin^{2}/!/left(2\\theta \\right) = 0.950^{+0.035}_{-0.036}\\). Allowing independent \\(\\nu\\) and \\(\\bar{\\nu}\\) oscillations, we measure antineutrino parameters of \\(|\\Delta \\bar{m}^2| = \\unit[(2.50 ^{+0.23}_{-0.25}) \\times 10^{-3}]{eV^{2}}\\) and \\(\\sin^{2}/!/left(2\\bar{\\theta} \\right) = 0.97^{+0.03}_{-0.08}\\), with minimal change to the neutrino parameters.

We report on \\(\\nu_e\\) and \\(\\bar{\\nu}_e\\) appearance in \\(\\nu_\\mu\\) and \\(\\bar{\\nu}_\\mu\\) beams using the full MINOS data sample. The comparison of these \\(\\nu_e\\) and \\(\\bar{\\nu}_e\\) appearance data at a 735 km baseline with \\(\\theta_{13}\\) measurements by reactor experiments probes \\(\\delta\\), the \\(\\theta_{23}\\) octant degeneracy, and the mass hierarchy. This analysis is the first use of this technique and includes the first accelerator long-baseline search for \\(\\bar{\\nu}_\\mu\\rightarrow\\bar{\\nu}_e\\). Our data disfavor 31% (5%) of the three-parameter space defined by \\(\\delta\\), the octant of the \\(\\theta_{23}\\), and the mass hierarchy at the 68% (90%) C.L. We measure a value of 2sin\\(^2(2\\theta_{13})\\)sin\\(^2(\\theta_{23})\\) that is consistent with reactor experiments.

We report new constraints on flavor-changing non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) using data from the MINOS experiment. We analyzed a combined set of beam neutrino and antineutrino data, and found no evidence for deviations from standard neutrino mixing. The observed energy spectra constrain the NSI parameter to the range \\(-0.20 < \\varepsilon_{\\mu\\tau} < 0.07\\;\\text{(90% C.L.)}\\)

We report new constraints on flavor-changing non-standard neutrino interactions from the MINOS long-baseline experiment using \\(\\nu_{e}\\) and \\(\\bar{\\nu}_{e}\\) appearance candidate events from predominantly \\(\\nu_{\\mu}\\) and \\(\\bar{\\nu}_{\\mu}\\) beams. We used a statistical selection algorithm to separate \\(\\nu_{e}\\) candidates from background events, enabling an analysis of the combined MINOS neutrino and antineutrino data. We observe no deviations from standard neutrino mixing, and thus place constraints on the non-standard interaction matter effect, \\(|\\varepsilon_{e\\tau}|\\), and phase, \\((\\delta_{CP}+\\delta_{e\\tau})\\), using a thirty-bin likelihood fit.

Data from the MINOS experiment has been used to search for mixing between muon neutrinos and muon antineutrinos using a time-independent Lorentz-violating formalism derived from the Standard-Model Extension (SME). MINOS is uniquely capable of searching for muon neutrino-antineutrino mixing given its long baseline and ability to distinguish between neutrinos and antineutrinos on an event-by-event basis. Neutrino and antineutrino interactions were observed in the MINOS Near and Far Detectors from an exposure of 10.56\\(\\times10^{20}\\) protons-on-target from the NuMI neutrino-optimized beam. No evidence was found for such transitions and new, highly stringent limits were placed on the SME coefficients governing them. We place the first limits on the SME parameters \\((c_{L})^{TT}_{\\mu\\mu} \\) and \\((c_{L})^{TT}_{\\tau\\tau}\\) at \\(-8.4\\times10^{-23} < (c_{L})^{TT}_{\\mu\\mu} < 8.0\\times10^{-23}\\) and \\(-8.0\\times10^{-23} < (c_{L})^{TT}_{\\tau\\tau} < 8.4\\times10^{-23}\\), and the world's best limits on the \\(\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\mu\\overline{\\mu}}\\) and \\(\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\tau\\overline{\\tau}}\\) parameters at \\(|\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\mu\\overline{\\mu}}| < 3.3\\times 10^{-23}\\) and \\(|\\tilde{g}^{ZT}_{\\tau\\overline{\\tau}}| < 3.3\\times 10^{-23}\\), all limits quoted at \\(3\\sigma\\).

Forward single \\(\\pi^0\\) production by coherent neutral-current interactions, \\(\\nu \\mathcal{A} \\to \\nu \\mathcal{A} \\pi^0\\), is investigated using a 2.8\\(\\times 10^{20}\\) protons-on-target exposure of the MINOS Near Detector. For single-shower topologies, the event distribution in production angle exhibits a clear excess above the estimated background at very forward angles for visible energy in the range~1-8 GeV. Cross sections are obtained for the detector medium comprised of 80% iron and 20% carbon nuclei with \\(\\langle \\mathcal{A} \\rangle = 48\\), the highest-\\(\\langle \\mathcal{A} \\rangle\\) target used to date in the study of this coherent reaction. The total cross section for coherent neutral-current single-\\(\\pi^0\\) production initiated by the \\(\\nu_\\mu\\) flux of the NuMI low-energy beam with mean (mode) \\(E_{\\nu}\\) of 4.9 GeV (3.0 GeV), is \\(77.6\\pm5.0\\,(\\text{stat}) ^{+15.0}_{-16.8}\\,(\\text{syst})\\times10^{-40}\\,\\text{cm}^2~\\text{per nucleus}\\). The results are in good agreement with predictions of the Berger-Sehgal model.

We report a two-detector measurement of the propagation speed of neutrinos over a baseline of 734 km. The measurement was made with the NuMI beam at Fermilab between the near and far MINOS detectors. The fractional difference between the neutrino speed and the speed of light is determined to be \\((v/c-1) = (1.0 \\pm 1.1) \\times 10^{-6}\\), consistent with relativistic neutrinos.

Kinematic distributions from an inclusive sample of 1.41 x 10^6 charged-current nu_mu interactions on iron, obtained using the MINOS Near Detector exposed to a wide-band beam with peak flux at 3 GeV, are compared to a conventional treatment of neutrino scattering within a Fermi gas nucleus. Results are used to guide the selection of a subsample enriched in quasielastic nu_mu Fe interactions, containing an estimated 123,000 quasielastic events of incident energies 1 < E_nu < 8 GeV, with = 2.79 GeV. Four additional subsamples representing topological and kinematic sideband regions to quasielastic scattering are also selected for the purpose of evaluating backgrounds. Comparisons using subsample distributions in four-momentum transfer Q^2 show the Monte Carlo model to be inadequate at low Q^2. Its shortcomings are remedied via inclusion of a Q^2-dependent suppression function for baryon resonance production, developed from the data. A chi-square fit of the resulting Monte Carlo simulation to the shape of the Q^2 distribution for the quasielastic-enriched sample is carried out with the axial-vector mass M_A of the dipole axial-vector form factor of the neutron as a free parameter. The effective M_A which best describes the data is 1.23 +0.13/-0.09 (fit) +0.12/-0.15 (syst.) GeV.