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Great efforts have been tried through the late years to increase the suitability and effectiveness of Firefighters suit. These efforts were done to protect the wearer from harsh environmental that may result in injury or death. This paper describes flame retardants treatment of fabrics which used in the firefighter suit to prevent and slow down fires in fabric and clarify that using the most effective flame retardants could save lives and prevent burn injuries. This paper examined the efficacy of two fire retardant substances, PF-phosphorus / nitrogen compound based and PR 20-organo phosphorus-based. The fabric samples were burned before and after machine washing with soap. Methodology was undertaken using a number of three different firefighter suit materials, with fiber content of 100% cotton, PES/cotton and 100% PES. Both treated and untreated fabrics were examined using a number of test methods; first, the flammability test, second, physical and comfort properties, finally, thermal conductivity. Fabric before and after treatment has been analyzed by using Fourier transforms infra-red spectroscopy to show the effect of the treatment on the fabrics. The resulting work of PF-phosphorus / nitrogen compound based treatment did not drained, and was found to be durable

In this study, two ways were carried out in the polyesterfabric, which used in traditional swimsuit manufacturing, Firstly the polyester fabric were coated with the silica nanoparticles to improve its functional properties for achieve the final use requirements. The characterization of silica nanoparticles on the fabric surface were done by using scanning electron microscope (SEM)and also on fabric surface before the treatment. Functional and Physical tests were accomplished. Those tests were weight, thickness, bursting Strength, stiffness, air permeability, water repellency. The properties of polyester fabrictreated with the silica nanoparticles were compared with untreatedpolyester fabric.Secondly Sharkskin topography was used as guide for the changing the polyesterfabric surface morphology and it was applied by photochemical method technique using Glycerol propoxylatetriacrylate(HH-IV Water Resistant Diazo Emulsion) on the polyester fabric. The polyester fabric surfaces with photochemicaltechnique, polyester fabric that treated with the silica nanoparticles and untreated polyester fabricwere tested to measure its speed, with different weights on the water. The new polyester fabric surface may increase the efficiency of swimsuit.

For the body to remain comfortable, the surface moisture must be transferred away from the skin, or it will lead to a buildup of sweat on the skin's surface and interfere with the body's natural cooling mechanism and cause composition of bacteria. The growth of microbes on textiles during use and storage negatively affects the wearer as well as the textile itself. The detrimental effects can be controlled by durable antimicrobial finishing of the textile as nano zinc oxide and bulk titanium dioxide, which also affect the problem of UV radiation to the body skin and prevent degradation of the natural leather due to the exposure to solar UVR. This article shows the experimental results for antimicrobial finishing, ultra violet protection efficacy before and after washing, and the results were analyzed by using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy to shows the alterations on the treatments of natural goat leather and blended woven fabric 50% cotton, 50% polyester using nano zinc oxide and bulk titanium dioxide separately by using Pad -Dry -Cure method under tension.\"

Background Egypt faces a significant public health burden due to chronic liver diseases (CLD) and peptic ulcer disease. CLD, primarily caused by Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, affects over 2.9% of the population nationwide, with regional variations. Steatotic liver disease is rapidly emerging as a significant contributor to CLD, especially in urban areas. Acid-related disorders are another widespread condition that can significantly impact the quality of life. These factors and others significantly influence the indications and findings of gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures performed in Egypt. Aim We aimed to evaluate the clinico-demographic data, indications, and endoscopic findings in Egyptian patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures in various regions of Egypt. Methods This study employed a retrospective multicenter cross-sectional design. Data was collected from patients referred for gastrointestinal endoscopy across 15 tertiary gastrointestinal endoscopy units in various governorates throughout Egypt. Results 5910 patients aged 38–63 were enrolled in the study; 75% underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), while 25% underwent a colonoscopy. In all studied patients, the most frequent indications for EGD were dyspepsia (19.5%), followed by hematemesis (19.06%), and melena (17.07%). The final EGD diagnoses for the recruited patients were portal hypertension-related sequelae (60.3%), followed by acid-related diseases (55%), while 10.44% of patients had a normally apparent endoscopy. Male gender, old age, and the presence of chronic liver diseases were more common in patients from upper than lower Egypt governorates. Hematochezia (38.11%) was the most reported indication for colonoscopy, followed by anemia of unknown origin (25.11%). IBD and hemorrhoids (22.34% and 21.86%, respectively) were the most prevalent diagnoses among studied patients, while normal colonoscopy findings were encountered in 18.21% of them. Conclusion This is the largest study describing the situation of endoscopic procedures in Egypt. our study highlights the significant impact of regional variations in disease burden on the utilization and outcomes of GI endoscopy in Egypt. The high prevalence of chronic liver disease is reflected in the EGD findings, while the colonoscopy results suggest a potential need for increased awareness of colorectal diseases.

BackgroundBehçet’s disease (BD), commonly seen in the Silk road countries, is a variable vessel vasculitis with no specific investigation that reflects disease activity. The Behçet’s Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) is the most famous and acceptable clinical activity score.PurposeTo develop a cross-cultural adaptation of the BDCAF to the Arabic language (Ar-BDCAF)—Egyptian dialect—across the country and to consider preliminary evaluation of its reliability in assessment of BD activity.Patients and methodsThe score was translated to Arabic language and revised by 3 rheumatology consultants. Reliability of Ar-BDCAF was tested among 88 BD patients from 9 Egyptian main city centers. Patients were questioned by two specialists at 30 min interval to evaluate inter-observer rating and twice by the same physician within 24 h to assess the intra-observer rating.ResultsPatients were 64 males and 24 females (2.7:1) with a mean age of 35 ± 10.3 years. The average time required by the consultant to fill in the form was 5.1 ± 2.2 min (1.5–15 min). The mean Ar-BDCAF scores were 9.81 ± 6.22 (0–25) and 9.53 ± 6.13 (0–28) with an intra-observer concordance (p = 0.28) and was 9.95 ± 6.47 (0–29) for the inter-observer rating (p = 0.89 and p = 0.66, respectively).ConclusionThe Ar-BDCAF is a measurable, easy to calculate, and reliable index for assessing disease activity in Egyptian BD. The Ar-BDCAF score can be used in daily clinical practice to assess BD activity and its use can be extended to other Arab countries for possible regional validation and adaptations. Key Points• The Arabic version of the BDCAF can be extended to other Arab countries for development of a Pan-Arab score.• This is the first study to provide a reliable and valid Arabic version of the BDCAF-Egyptian dialect for measuring current disease activity in BD patients.