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Introduction: The problem in this study is the low muscle power ability of badminton athletes. Objective: This study aims to determine: 1) the effect of pliyometric lateral box shuffle training on increasing leg muscle power of badminton athletes. 2) the difference in the effect of pliyometric lateral box shuffle training between the treatment group and the control group on increasing leg muscle power. Methodology: This type of research is an experiment with pre test and post test control group design. The sample in this study amounted to 78 athletes who were taken using random sampling technique. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely the treated group of 44 athletes and the control group of 36 athletes. The instrument used is to measure leg power, namely the vertical jump test. The data analysis technique used is the independent sample t test and continued with the paired sample t-test. Results: The results showed that: 1) There is a significant effect of lateral box shuffle training on increasing leg muscle power with a significance value smaller than 0.05 (p<0.05). 2) There is a significant difference in influence between the group given treatment and the control group on increasing leg muscle power, as evidenced by the mean value of leg muscle power in the treatment group of 95.71 kg m/s while the mean value of leg muscle power in the control group is 78.93 with an average difference in post test of 16.78 kg m/s. Conclusions: The group that was given the treatment had better leg muscle power compared to the control group that did not receive treatment.

This study aims to find out: (1) the difference in influence between plyometric exercises side-to-side box shuffle and box jump on limb power; (b) differences in the influence of players who have high and low leg muscle strength against limb power; and (c) the interaction between plyometric exercises side-to-side box shuffle and box jump and limb muscle strength to leg power in wrestling athletes. This type of research is an experiment using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The population in this study was a South Coastal District wrestling athletes who numbered 38 people. The sample in this study amounted to 20 people who were taken using purposive sampling techniques, then performed ordinal pairing to divide each group. The instrument used is to measure the strength of the leg muscles, namely the leg and back dynamometer, while the power of the limbs uses vertical jump. The data analysis technique used is ANOVA two-way. The results showed that: (1) There was a significant difference in influence between plyometric side-to-side box shuffle and box jump exercises against power limbs in wrestling athletes, with a value of F 4.865 and a significance value of p 0.045 < 0.05. The side-to-side box shuffle exercise group was higher (good) compared to the box jump exercise group with a post-test average difference of 8.41. (2) There is a significant difference in influence between athletes who have the high and low leg muscle strength to leg power in wrestling athletes, with proven valueS F 20.74 and significance values p 0.000 < 0.05. Athletes who had high leg muscle strength were higher (good) compared to players who had low leg muscle strength, with an average post-test difference of 17.38. (3) There is a significant interaction between plyometric exercises (side-to-side box shuffle and box jump) and leg muscle strength (high and low) to leg power in wrestling athletes, with a value of F 41.819 and a significance value of p 0.000 < 0.05. There is a significant difference in influence between plyometric side-to-side box shuffle exercises and box jump on the increase in leg power in wrestling athletes. The side-to-side box shuffle exercise group was higher (good) than the box jump training group against the increase in leg power. There is a significant influence comparison between athletes who have high and low leg muscle strength to the increase in leg power in wrestling athletes. Athletes who have high leg muscle strength are higher (good) than athletes who have low leg muscle strength against the increase in leg power. There is a significant interaction between plyometric exercises (side-to-side box shuffle and box jump) and leg muscle strength (high and low) to the increase in leg power in wrestling athletes.

Cardiovascular endurance is very important to improve so it is expected that all students have good physical freshness. This study aims to find out: (1) the effect of the circuit bodyweight training method on increasing cardiovascular endurance and (2) the difference in the effect of the circuit bodyweight training method between the treatment group and the control group on increasing cardiovascular endurance. This type of research is an experiment with one group pre-test and post-test design. The sample in this study amounted to 77 people taken using random sampling techniques. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely the group given treatment of as many as 36 people and the control group with as many as 31 people. The instrument used to measure cardiovascular endurance is a multistage test. The data analysis technique used is an independent sample t-test followed by a paired sample t-test. The results showed that: 1) There was a significant effect of the circuit bodyweight training method on increasing cardiovascular endurance with a significance value smaller than 0.05 (p<0.05). 2) There was a significant difference in influence between the treatment group and the control group on increasing cardiovascular endurance, it was proven that the average value of cardiovascular endurance in the treatment group was 760.72 while the average value of cardiovascular endurance in the control group was 623.54 with an average difference in post-test of 137.18. The treated group had better cardiovascular endurance compared to the untreated control group. Keywords: Circuit, Body Weight Training, Cardiovascular endurance.

This study aims to test: (1) differences in the effect of hurdle drill training, ladder drill on football playing skills; (2) the difference in the effect of low agility and high agility on football playing skills; and (3) whether or not there is any interaction between hurdle drill training, ladder drill and agility to football playing skills. The design used in this study is an experimental method using a 2x2 factorial design. The research sample was taken by ordinal pairing from a population of 38 players aged 15-18 years. Instruments for measuring agility using the Illinois Agility Test. An instrument for measuring football playing skills using the David Lee Development Test. The results of the study are as follows: (1) There is an influence of the hurdle drill training method, ladder drill on football playing skills (p > 0.05) because the significance value of p for the posttest is 0.000 < 0.05. (2) There is a significant difference in the effect of low agility and high agility on football playing skills (p < 0.05) because the significance value shows p of 0.007 < 0.05. (3) There is an interaction between hurdle drill training methods, ladder drill and agility (high and low) to football playing skills (p > 0.05) posttest results of 0.001 < 0.05 the results show that after treatment or training there is an interaction between method with football playing skills. Based on research conducted by researchers, agility has a significant influence on football playing skills, and there is an interaction between hurdle drill and ladder drill training methods and agility (high and low) on football playing skills. The application of the hurdle drill and ladder drill methods has an influence on football playing skills. The method of training hurdle drill and ladder drill in improving football playing skills has been proven. Este estudio tiene como objetivo probar: (1) las diferencias en el efecto del entrenamiento con obstáculos, ejercicios de escalera en las habilidades de juego de fútbol; (2) la diferencia en el efecto de baja agilidad y alta agilidad en las habilidades de juego de fútbol; y (3) si existe o no alguna interacción entre el entrenamiento con obstáculos, ejercicios con escaleras y agilidad con las habilidades para jugar al fútbol. El diseño utilizado en este estudio es un método experimental utilizando un diseño factorial 2x2. La muestra de investigación se tomó por emparejamiento ordinal de una población de 38 jugadores de 15 a 18 años. Instrumentos para medir la agilidad usando el Illinois Agility Test. Un instrumento para medir las habilidades de juego de fútbol utilizando la prueba de desarrollo de David Lee. Los resultados del estudio son los siguientes: (1) Hay una influencia del método de entrenamiento de obstáculos, ejercicio de escalera en las habilidades de juego de fútbol (p> 0.05) porque el valor significativo de p para la prueba posterior es 0.000 < 0.05. (2) Hay una diferencia significativa en el efecto de la agilidad baja y la agilidad alta en las habilidades para jugar al fútbol (p < 0,05) porque el valor de significancia muestra una p de 0,007 < 0,05. (3) Existe una interacción entre los métodos de entrenamiento de obstáculos, ejercicios de escalera y agilidad (alta y baja) con las habilidades para jugar al fútbol (p > 0,05) resultados posteriores a la prueba de 0,001 < 0,05 los resultados muestran que después del tratamiento o entrenamiento existe una interacción entre método con habilidades de juego de fútbol. Según la investigación realizada por los investigadores, la agilidad tiene una influencia significativa en las habilidades para jugar al fútbol, y existe una interacción entre los métodos de entrenamiento de ejercicios con obstáculos y de escalera y la agilidad (alta y baja) en las habilidades para jugar al fútbol. La aplicación de los métodos de ejercicios con vallas y ejercicios con escaleras influye en las habilidades para jugar al fútbol. Se ha probado el método de entrenamiento de ejercicios con obstáculos y ejercicios con escaleras para mejorar las habilidades de juego de fútbol.

Sports psychology plays a vital role in improving the performance of badminton athletes. Psychological factors such as motivation, competitive anxiety, concentration, and mental resilience have been identified as critical influences on athlete performance. This study aims to systematically review the existing literature to identify and analyze the role of sports psychology in improving badminton athlete performance. The researcher searched for journal articles, books, and research reports relevant to sports psychology and badminton from various electronic databases through a systematic literature review approach. Specific inclusion criteria were applied to select studies that explicitly addressed the effect of psychological interventions on the performance of badminton athletes. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively to synthesize findings from the literature chosen. The literature review revealed that psychological techniques, including goal setting, relaxation techniques, visualization, and mental toughness coaching, positively impact the performance of badminton athletes. Findings suggest that psychological training integrated into athlete training programs can increase motivation, reduce competitive anxiety, strengthen concentration, and build mental resilience, all critical factors in athletic achievement. Sports psychology is a critical element in the training of badminton athletes, with significant potential to improve athlete performance. Psychological interventions tailored to the individual needs of athletes hold promise in optimizing athletic potential and achieving competitive success. Future research is needed to understand better how to best integrate these psychological techniques into the training of badminton athletes and to design more effective training programs that take full advantage of the role of sports psychology.

Early childhood needs to get stimulation of fine motor skills, but most play models train gross motor skills. This study aims to find out: (1) the difference in the effect of playdough and collage play models on improving fine motor skills in early childhood. (2) the difference in the effect between high and low independence on improving fine motor skills in early childhood. (3) The interaction between playdough and collage playing models is viewed from the aspect of independence to improve early childhood fine motor skills. This type of research is an experiment using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The population in this study was 38 Yogyakarta National Kindergarten children. The sample in this study amounted to 20 children taken using purposive sampling criteria (1) specific children aged 5-6 years, (2) children who are actively attending school, (3) children who are not sick, (4) willing to follow the learning process (5) Able to follow all learning model programs that have been prepared, then ordinal pairing is carried out to divide each group. The instruments used to measure fine motor use are (1) pattern thickening test, (2) coloring test, (3) Patterning test (4) scissors test, (5) bead crocheting test with string thread. The data analysis technique used is ANOVA two-way. Among early childhood, playdough play models outperform collage play models with a high level of independence. Conversely, collage play models are better than playdough play models in improving fine motor skills in early childhood with low levels of independence. Children who have high independence are higher (good) than children who have low independence, with an average posttest difference of 2.1. There is an interaction between the playdough playing model and collage playing in terms of independence (high and low) to improve fine motor skills in early childhood, with an F value of 93.633 and a significance value of p 0.000 (< 0.05). With the results of this study can consider in determining the type of play model for early childhood. However, future research may be suggested to reconfirm these findings. Key Words: playdough, collage, independence, fine motor

Early childhood needs to get stimulation of fine motor skills, but most play models train gross motor skills. This study aims to find out: (1) the difference in the effect of playdough and collage play models on improving fine motor skills in early childhood. (2) the difference in the effect between high and low independence on improving fine motor skills in early childhood. (3) The interaction between playdough and collage playing models is viewed from the aspect of independence to improve early childhood fine motor skills. This type of research is an experiment using a 2 x 2 factorial design. The population in this study was 38 Yogyakarta National Kindergarten children. The sample in this study amounted to 20 children taken using purposive sampling criteria (1) specific children aged 5-6 years, (2) children who are actively attending school, (3) children who are not sick, (4) willing to follow the learning process (5) Able to follow all learning model programs that have been prepared, then ordinal pairing is carried out to divide each group. The instruments used to measure fine motor use are (1) pattern thickening test, (2) coloring test, (3) Patterning test (4) scissors test, (5) bead crocheting test with string thread. The data analysis technique used is ANOVA two-way. Among early childhood, playdough play models outperform collage play models with a high level of independence. Conversely, collage play models are better than playdough play models in improving fine motor skills in early childhood with low levels of independence. Children who have high independence are higher (good) than children who have low independence, with an average posttest difference of 2.1. There is an interaction between the playdough playing model and collage playing in terms of independence (high and low) to improve fine motor skills in early childhood, with an F value of 93.633 and a significance value of p 0.000 (< 0.05). With the results of this study can consider in determining the type of play model for early childhood. However, future research may be suggested to reconfirm these findings. Key Words: playdough, collage, independence, fine motor

Martial arts coaching techniques that are research-evidenced create engaging and fulfilling training environments for athletes. This descriptive quantitative research investigated Taekwondo and Karate coaching practices focused on athletes' sports participation achievement motivation. The study includes 188 Karate and Taekwondo athletes (100 boys, 88 girls) from Yogyakarta and Bujumbura cities, selected through probability sampling method and simple random sampling techniques. The data collection instrument was a Sport Achievement Motivation Scale, adapted from the Achievement Motivation Scale. Data analysis procedure using Two-Way ANOVA with R program and descriptive statistics. Findings indicate significant differences in sport participation achievement motivation between Taekwondo and Karate martial artists from Bujumbura and Yogyakarta. In addition, motivational drives vary between male and female athletes, irrespective of country. The dominant motivational profile is Approach-Success in Training (MST), with 8 out of 14 agreed items falling within this dimension. Overall, athletes display an \"Agree\" level of sports participation achievement motivation (x̄ =-0.473 logits), highlighting the importance of motivational profile-centred coaching for enhanced success. These findings may guide Taekwondo and Karate coaches in tailoring methods and interventions to align with athletes' motivational profiles.

Cardiovascular endurance is very important to improve so it is expected that all students have good physical freshness. This study aims to find out: (1) the effect of the circuit bodyweight training method on increasing cardiovascular endurance and (2) the difference in the effect of the circuit bodyweight training method between the treatment group and the control group on increasing cardiovascular endurance. This type of research is an experiment with one group pre-test and post-test design. The sample in this study amounted to 77 people taken using random sampling techniques. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely the group given treatment of as many as 36 people and the control group with as many as 31 people. The instrument used to measure cardiovascular endurance is a multistage test. The data analysis technique used is an independent sample t-test followed by a paired sample t-test. The results showed that: 1) There was a significant effect of the circuit bodyweight training method on increasing cardiovascular endurance with a significance value smaller than 0.05 (p<0.05). 2) There was a significant difference in influence between the treatment group and the control group on increasing cardiovascular endurance, it was proven that the average value of cardiovascular endurance in the treatment group was 760.72 while the average value of cardiovascular endurance in the control group was 623.54 with an average difference in post-test of 137.18. The treated group had better cardiovascular endurance compared to the untreated control group.

Sports psychology plays a vital role in improving the performance of badminton athletes. Psychological factors such as motivation, competitive anxiety, concentration, and mental resilience have been identified as critical influences on athlete performance. This study aims to systematically review the existing literature to identify and analyze the role of sports psychology in improving badminton athlete performance. The researcher searched for journal articles, books, and research reports relevant to sports psychology and badminton from various electronic databases through a systematic literature review approach. Specific inclusion criteria were applied to select studies that explicitly addressed the effect of psychological interventions on the performance of badminton athletes. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively to synthesize findings from the literature chosen. The literature review revealed that psychological techniques, including goal setting, relaxation techniques, visualization, and mental toughness coaching, positively impact the performance of badminton athletes. Findings suggest that psychological training integrated into athlete training programs can increase motivation, reduce competitive anxiety, strengthen concentration, and build mental resilience, all critical factors in athletic achievement. Sports psychology is a critical element in the training of badminton athletes, with significant potential to improve athlete performance. Psychological interventions tailored to the individual needs of athletes hold promise in optimizing athletic potential and achieving competitive success. Future research is needed to understand better how to best integrate these psychological techniques into the training of badminton athletes and to design more effective training programs that take full advantage of the role of sports psychology La psicología deportiva juega un papel vital en la mejora del rendimiento de los atletas de bádminton. Factores psicológicos como la motivación, la ansiedad competitiva, la concentración y la resiliencia mental se han identificado como influencias críticas en el rendimiento de los atletas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar sistemáticamente la literatura existente para identificar y analizar el papel de la psicología deportiva en la mejora del rendimiento de los atletas de bádminton. El investigador buscó artículos de revistas, libros e informes de investigación relevantes para la psicología del deporte y el bádminton de varias bases de datos electrónicas a través de un enfoque de revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión específicos a estudios seleccionados que abordaron explícitamente el efecto de las intervenciones psicológicas en el rendimiento de los atletas de bádminton. El análisis de los datos se realizó cualitativamente para sintetizar los hallazgos de la literatura elegida. La revisión de la literatura reveló que las técnicas psicológicas, como el establecimiento de objetivos, las técnicas de relajación, la visualización y el entrenamiento de la fortaleza mental, tienen un impacto positivo en el rendimiento de los atletas de bádminton. Los hallazgos sugieren que el entrenamiento psicológico integrado en los programas de entrenamiento de atletas puede aumentar la motivación, reducir la ansiedad competitiva, fortalecer la concentración y desarrollar la resilienciamental, todos factores críticos en el rendimiento deportivo. La psicología deportiva es un elemento crítico en la formación de los atletas de bádminton, con un potencial significativo para mejorar el rendimiento de los atletas. Las intervenciones psicológicas adaptadas a las necesidades individuales de los atletas son prometedoras para optimizar el potencial atlético y lograr el éxito competitivo. Se necesitan investigaciones futuras para comprender mejor cómo integrar mejor estas técnicas psicológicas en el entrenamiento de los atletas de bádminton y diseñar programas de entrenamiento más efectivos que aprovechen al máximo el papel de la psicología deportiva.