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"Sachin Kumar"
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A concise review on corrosion inhibitors: types, mechanisms and electrochemical evaluation studies
This article presents a concise review of different types of inhibitors for corrosion protection on metal surfaces. Corrosion inhibitors can be of different types, which include organic, inorganic and hybrid (organic/inorganic) materials. They are also classified as cathodic, anodic and/or mixed-type inhibitors, which are based on the active inhibitor molecules that retard the corrosion process. Silicate, nitrites, molybdates, phosphates, zinc salt and cerium salt are widely used as inorganic inhibitors. Many organic compounds have been widely utilized as inhibitors. Corrosion protection will be obtained by various mechanisms such as physisorption, chemisorption, barrier protection, thin-film formation and electrochemical processes. The type of inhibitors, inhibition mechanism and the evaluation methods have been explained in detail.
Journal Article
Metabolic Insight of Neutrophils in Health and Disease
Neutrophils are the most abundant, short lived, and terminally differentiated leukocytes with distinct tiers of arsenals to counter pathogens. Neutrophils were traditionally considered transcriptionally inactive cells, but recent researches in the field led to a paradigm shift in neutrophil biology and revealed subpopulation heterogeneity, and functions pivotal to immunity and inflammation. Furthermore, recent unfolding of metabolic plasticity in neutrophils has challenged the long-standing concept of their sole dependence on glycolytic pathway. Metabolic adaptations and distinct regulations have been identified which are critical for neutrophil differentiation and functions. The metabolic reprogramming of neutrophils by inflammatory mediators or during pathologies such as sepsis, diabetes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, glycogen storage diseases (GSDs), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer are now being explored. In this review, we discuss recent developments in understanding of the metabolic regulation, that may provide clues for better management and newer therapeutic opportunities for neutrophil centric immuno-deficiencies and inflammatory disorders.
Journal Article
Internet of Things is a revolutionary approach for future technology enhancement: a review
Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm that has changed the traditional way of living into a high tech life style. Smart city, smart homes, pollution control, energy saving, smart transportation, smart industries are such transformations due to IoT. A lot of crucial research studies and investigations have been done in order to enhance the technology through IoT. However, there are still a lot of challenges and issues that need to be addressed to achieve the full potential of IoT. These challenges and issues must be considered from various aspects of IoT such as applications, challenges, enabling technologies, social and environmental impacts etc. The main goal of this review article is to provide a detailed discussion from both technological and social perspective. The article discusses different challenges and key issues of IoT, architecture and important application domains. Also, the article bring into light the existing literature and illustrated their contribution in different aspects of IoT. Moreover, the importance of big data and its analysis with respect to IoT has been discussed. This article would help the readers and researcher to understand the IoT and its applicability to the real world.
Journal Article
A Critical Review on Recent Advancements in Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites
Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) have garnered significant attention across various industrial sectors owing to their remarkable properties compared to conventional engineering materials. These include low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, enhanced wear resistance, and favorable high-temperature properties. These materials find extensive applications in the military, automotive, and aerospace industries. AMCs are manufactured using diverse processing techniques, tailored to their specific classifications. Over three decades of intensive research have yielded numerous scientific revelations regarding the internal and extrinsic influences of ceramic reinforcement on the mechanical, thermomechanical, tribological, and physical characteristics of AMCs. In recent times, AMCs have witnessed a surge in usage across high-tech structural and functional domains, encompassing sports and recreation, automotive, aerospace, defense, and thermal management applications. Notably, studies on particle-reinforced cast AMCs originated in India during the 1970s, attained industrial maturity in developed nations, and are now progressively penetrating the mainstream materials arena. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of AMC material systems, encompassing processing, microstructure, characteristics, and applications, with the latest advancements in the field.
Journal Article
Defected Ground Structure: Fundamentals, Analysis, and Applications in Modern Wireless Trends
Slots or defects integrated on the ground plane of microwave planar circuits are referred to as Defected Ground Structure. DGS is adopted as an emerging technique for improving the various parameters of microwave circuits, that is, narrow bandwidth, cross-polarization, low gain, and so forth. This paper presents an introduction and evolution of DGS and how DGS is different from former technologies: PBG and EBG. A basic concept behind the DGS technology and several theoretical techniques for analysing the Defected Ground Structure are discussed. Several applications of DGS in the field of filters, planar waveguides, amplifiers, and antennas are presented.
Journal Article
A review on graphene and its derivatives as the forerunner of the two-dimensional material family for the future
In 2004, Geim and Novoselov discovered two-dimensional graphene comprised of sp2 carbon atoms. Graphene is a thin layer of carbon consisting of excellent surface area, thermal conductivity, high electron mobility, greater mechanical strength, high electrical conductivity, and current density. Graphene attained significant attention among the research community. The properties and attributes of graphene make this material sufficiently promising to be utilized in different sectors. Based on this, researchers' interest in exploring innovative methods to develop quality graphene for the industrial purpose have increased. Therefore, this review presents a current research development on the synthesis methods of graphene and its composites and their structure and properties. Furthermore, the practical aspects of graphene and its derivatives that are fabricated via these techniques for different graphene-based applications in the development of biosensors, water treatment, solar energy systems, fuel cells, catalysis engineering, food package engineering, and various other applications are also discussed. Based on the literature published over the years, it has been observed that the synthesis approaches, namely liquid-phase exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and oxidative exfoliation reduction, can be commercialized to produce high-quality graphene. Overall, graphene-based nanomaterials have opened glorious opportunities for future applications.
Journal Article
A hybrid technique to enhance the rainfall-runoff prediction of physical and data-driven model: a case study of Upper Narmada River Sub-basin, India
Accurate streamflow prediction is crucial for effective water resource management and planning. This study aims to enhance streamflow simulation accuracy in the data-scarce Upper Narmada River Basin (UNB) by proposing a novel hybrid approach, ANN
Hybrid
, which combines a physically-based model (WEAP) with a data-driven model (ANN). The WEAP model was calibrated and validated using observed streamflow data, while the ANN model was trained and tested using meteorological variables and simulated streamflow. The ANN
Hybrid
model integrates simulated flow from both WEAP and ANN to improve prediction accuracy. The results demonstrate that the ANN
Hybrid
model outperforms the standalone WEAP and ANN models, with higher NSE values of 95.5% and 92.3% during training and testing periods, respectively, along with an impressive R
2
value of 0.96. The improved streamflow predictions can support better decision-making related to water allocation, reservoir operations, and flood and drought risk assessment. The novelty of this research lies in the development of the ANN
Hybrid
model, which leverages the strengths of both physically-based and data-driven approaches to enhance streamflow simulation accuracy in data-limited regions. The proposed methodology offers a promising tool for sustainable water management strategies in the UNB and other similar catchments.
Journal Article
Small businesses and FinTech: a systematic review and future directions
Small businesses are significant to any economy from the perspective of employment and contribution to the national gross domestic product. Despite their significance, small businesses continue to face various unresolved challenges. Recent technological innovations in finance, collectively called FinTech, seem to address some challenges. FinTech-led business models like crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending, invoice trading, mobile wallets and payments, and platform-driven supply chain finance are altering the ecosystem for small businesses. Though there have been efforts, insights on how small businesses have responded to the opportunities of FinTech appear to be limited. To address this, we conducted a systematic and cross-discipline literature review of 103 journal articles published between 2008 to 2023 on small businesses and FinTech. Four conceptual themes emerge from the analysis: usage of FinTech services (payment and financial), and impact of FinTech services (payment and financial) on small businesses. The paper articulates areas for future research.
Journal Article
MicroRNA-195 inhibits proliferation, invasion and metastasis in breast cancer cells by targeting FASN, HMGCR, ACACA and CYP27B1
De novo lipogenesis, a hallmark for cancers is required for cellular transformation. Further it is believed that resistance to apoptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition(EMT) facilitates metastasis via over-expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Previously we demonstrated that hsa-miR-195 targets BCL2, induces apoptosis and augmented the effect of etoposide in breast cancer cells. However, the mechanism behind its function remains elusive. Herein gene expression profiling was done in presence/absence of hsa-miR-195 in Breast cancer cells. IPA revealed mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty acid metabolism and xenobiotic metabolism signalling among the top processes being affected. For the first time we herein identified ACACA, FASN (the key enzymes of de novo fatty acid synthesis), HMGCR (the key enzyme of de novo cholesterol synthesis) and CYP27B1 as direct targets of hsa-miR-195. We further showed that ectopic expression of hsa-miR-195 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells not only altered cellular cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly but also resulted in reduced proliferation, invasion and migration. We further demonstrated that over expression of hsa-miR-195 decreased the Mesenchymal markers expression and enhanced Epithelial markers. In conclusion we say that hsa-miR-195 targets the genes of de novo lipogenesis, inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion which potentially opens new avenues for the treatment of breast cancer.
Journal Article