Explore the vast range of titles available.

To explore women's mental health in India's rapidly changing society. A convenience sample of low-income women (N = 286) in a medium-sized city in South-India participated in a mixed-methods, exploratory study in 2022. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was received from Loma Linda University in the US, and Christian Medical College-Vellore in India, in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki, prior to data collection. All study materials were forward and back translated for Tamil, the local language. Phase 1(n = 25) involved audio recorded key-informant interviews and focus groups. Verbatim transcripts were inductively coded, and emerging themes identified. Phase 2 (n = 261) entailed a quantitative survey including demographics, health history, and validated scales measuring mental health symptoms, coping strategies, social support, living situation, and life satisfaction. Data collectors were gender and language matched, research trained, community health nurses. Qualitative themes included: 1) benefits of living in the city, 2) double duty for women doing household work and paid work, 3) challenges of living in the urban environment, 4) advantages of living in the village, 5) struggles associated with village life. Quantitative results: the average Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL) score of 1.82 ( = 0.70) exceeded the 1.65 cut-off score for anxiety and depression symptomology. Among participants with elevated HSCL scores (n = 129) the average was markedly elevated ( = 2.39, = 0.56). These women were more likely to rely on wishful thinking, religious coping, and reported more post-migration living difficulties, less social support, and less satisfaction with life. Regression analysis further explored variables associated with participant HSCL scores. In this sample of low-income urban-dwelling women depression and anxiety symptomology was elevated. Given the limited mental health workforce and cultural stigmatization of mental health issues, further attention is required.

The prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases has risen alarmingly in recent decades, imposing significant public health challenges worldwide. In response, population-based screening has emerged as a pivotal strategy for early detection and intervention. The paper explains the essential components of population-based screening for lifestyle diseases, emphasizing the role of nurses in its execution. It begins by defining population-based screening for lifestyle diseases, shedding light on its significance in identifying at-risk individuals within a defined population. This section explores the critical features that underpin an effective population-based screening program, including accessibility, affordability, and ethical considerations. A step-by-step guide is provided, outlining the key phases of a population-based screening initiative, from planning and implementation to evaluation and follow-up. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are central to the success of any screening program. The paper defines SOPs and their pivotal role in maintaining consistency and quality in screening procedures. Finally, the paper describes the role of nurses in the entire screening process, from patient education and informed consent to conducting screenings, interpreting results, and offering guidance for lifestyle modifications and follow-up care. It also provides a comprehensive guide for healthcare professionals, administrators, and policymakers involved in the planning and execution of population-based screening programs for NCDs in the primary healthcare setting.

Background/Objectives: A pilot study was conducted with an aim to evaluate the effectiveness of video-assisted teaching program (VATP) on knowledge and attitude regarding screening of mental illnesses among leaders of women self-help groups in selected blocks of Tiruchirappalli District. Methods: A true experimental design (pretest posttest control group) was chosen with the scope of improving the internal validity of the study. Multistage random sampling was used to select a sample of 30 participants, 15 each in experimental and control groups. VATP regarding screening of mental illnesses was developed by the investigator and validated by the experts. Sociodemographic profile, a checklist to assess the participants' experience with mentally ill patients, a structured knowledge questionnaire, a set of case vignettes, and community attitudes toward Mentally Ill-III (CAMI-III) was used for data collection. Pretest was conducted to measure the baseline variables, then VATP on screening of mental illnesses was delivered, and the posttest was administered at three points, that is, immediately after VATP to assess the extent to which the participants have learnt the information, 15 days after VATP to assess the level of retention of the learnt information and 45 days after VATP to measure the outcomes of the study. Results: A comparison of posttest mean score differences between the groups revealed that the participants of the experimental group made a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in the knowledge and attitude than those of control group. Comparison of pretest and posttest mean scores within the experimental group showed that the VATP has made a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in knowledge and attitude. Conclusions: Innovative and realistic teaching strategies to be initiated to improve mental health literacy among the general population.

Background: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India, necessitating a strong primary care response. Staff nurses at Primary Health Centres (PHCs) play a critical role in population-based screening and management of NCDs. However, their roles and responsibilities remain inconsistently defined across states, limiting effective implementation. Objective: To map and categorize the roles and responsibilities of NCD staff nurses at PHCs in India through a multi-state job analysis. Methods: A document review was conducted using job descriptions, national operational guidelines, and training manuals from ten Indian states-Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat, Odisha, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Meghalaya-along with four national guidelines and one training module issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). Documents were sourced from official government websites and analyzed using content analysis to identify and categorize roles and responsibilities. Results: Six major roles and 37 specific responsibilities were identified for NCD staff nurses. The roles include: (1) NCD Clinical Care Provider (2) NCD Patient Counseling and Health Promotion Coordinator (3) NCD Referral Service Coordinator (4) NCD Data Management and Reporting Coordinator (5) NCD Administrative and Logistics Coordinator and (6) NCD Training, Supervision, and Capacity Building Coordinator. These roles reflect the broad scope of nursing practice required for comprehensive NCD service delivery at the primary care level. Conclusion: This study provides a structured mapping of the expanded roles of NCD staff nurses at PHCs, highlighting their integral contribution to screening, clinical care, referral, health counselling, data management, and community engagement. The findings support the need for standardized role definitions, competency-based training and supportive policies to strengthen the nursing workforce of NCD response in India.

Pandemics have been in the history of mankind wiping out large number of people. COVID-19 pandemic in the 21st century has also taken a heavy toll on lives and has impacted every aspect of life. There have been several short-term and long-term implications on the families. Many families are still experiencing an ongoing negative impacts viz., loss of job, loss and threatened loss of loved ones, financial insecurity etc. Families were unable to meet the demands of children and elderly at home while being grateful for the quality time spent with family members. Material and Method: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out to measure the level of resilience among families faced with and without COVID-19 infection during the pandemic in selected rural areas of Tamil Nadu, South India. FRS-16 was used to measure the resilience. Results: The study findings regarding the overall resilience revealed that 53% of the families had moderate resilience and 47% had high resilience. However, there was no statistical difference observed in the different domains of resilience such as Family Communication and Connectedness, Positive Framing and External Resources/Support between the families faced with and without COVID-19 infection. Discussion: The findings of this study corresponded to the findings of a study done in Indonesia with 68.9% of the families having moderate resilience during the COVID19 pandemic. It has also been observed that a positive framing, family communication and connectedness have a positive influence on the family resilience. Conclusion: Family Resilience is a complex process; hence it is of high importance that adaptive strategies are enhanced in families to strengthen them in rising from adversities.

In order for low and middle income countries (LMIC) to transition to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) test based cervical cancer screening, a greater understanding of how to implement these evidence based interventions (EBI) among vulnerable populations is needed. This paper documents outcomes of an implementation research on HPV screening among women from tribal, rural, urban slum settings in India. A mixed-method, pragmatic, quasi-experimental trial design was used. HPV screening on self-collected cervical samples was offered to women aged 30-60 years. Implementation strategies were 1) Assessment of contextual factors using both qualitative and quantitative methods like key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussions (FGDs), pre-post population sample surveys, capacity assessment of participating departments 2) enhancing provider capacity through training workshops, access to HPV testing facility, colposcopy, thermal ablation/cryotherapy at the primary health care centers 3) community engagement, counselling for self-sampling and triage process by frontline health care workers (HCWs). Outcomes were assessed using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance) framework. Screening rate in 8 months' of study was 31.0%, 26.7%, 32.9%, prevalence of oncogenic HPV was 12.1%, 3.1%, 5.5%, compliance to triage was 53.6%, 45.5%, 84.6% in tribal, urban slum, rural sites respectively. Pre-cancer among triage compliant HPV positive women was 13.6% in tribal, 4% in rural and 0% among urban slum women. Unique challenges faced in the tribal setting led to programme adaptations like increasing honoraria of community health workers for late-evening work and recalling HPV positive women for colposcopy by nurses, thermal ablation by gynaecologist at the outreach camp site. Self-collection of samples combined with HCW led community engagement activities, flexible triage processes and strengthening of health system showed an acceptable screening rate and better compliance to triage, highlighting the importance of identifying the barriers and developing strategies suitable for the setting. CTRI/2021/09/036130.

Mixed methods research is a new approach in which both the qualitative and quantitative research designs are mixed and are becoming popular in nursing research too. Mixed methods research involves collecting analysing and mixing quantitative and qualitative data in the single research process. It is a natural and practical approach. Because of the complexity of health problems, mixed methods research is needed today in the field of health profession. In this article, the author describes about mixed methods research, the value of this research approach, the types of mixed methods research, its design and the various guidelines and steps involved in designing and conducting mixed methods research. It also outlines the strengths and limitations of the new approach as well as the challenges ahead in conducting mixed methods research.