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Background Globally, 27% of ever-partnered women aged 15–49 have experienced physical, sexual, or intimate partner violence at least once in their lifetime. In Saudi Arabia, domestic violence (DV) remains a concern despite cultural and economic advancements. This study aims to measure the prevalence and factors associated with DV as well as childhood trauma (CT) in the Al Hasa region. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on 503 married women by using convenient sampling reporting DV and CT using two validated questionnaires, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the numbers and percentages. Pearson’s r correlation was applied to investigate the correlation between risk factors. The multilayer perceptron model has been applied to estimate the most important factors contributing to DV and CT. Results Out of 503 respondents, most of them had low experience of DV and childhood trauma, while the prevalence of DV was 4.86%, with controlling behavior of the intimate partner (6.09%) and psychological violence most commonly reported. CT was experienced by 18.90% of respondents, primarily emotional neglect (31.44). The median score of DV was 1.99 (0.81), and that of CT was 2.15(0.45). Among the DV subscales, the median score of psychological violence (2.00, IQR = 0.50) and controlling behavior (2.25 with IQR 0.50) was higher compared to physical and sexual violence, whereas the emotional neglect subscale mean score was the highest among the CT subscales, 2.50 (0.50). DV and childhood trauma were significantly associated with BMI ( < 0.001) and education of women ( < 0.001) respectively. The result of ML model showed that the influential predictors of DV and CT are physical violence and physical neglect respectively. Conclusion The present study revealed a positive correlation between CT and DV. Women who experienced emotional neglect or abuse during childhood were more likely to report controlling behaviors and psychological violence in their relationships. CT was reported more frequently than DV and women with higher education levels reported greater childhood trauma. Even with low prevalence, such sensitive subjects must not be discredited. Saudi women should embrace education, employment, and awareness of their rights with the rapid societal change, marking a new beginning for women’s empowerment and safety.

Background The Automated Dispensing Cabinets (ADCs) represent one of the most widely deployed forms of technology integrated with today’s medication-use systems. Despite the rise of ADC use and subsequent benefits, research exploring the impacts of ADCs on staff acceptance and satisfaction is still relatively limited and not thoroughly investigated. The present study aims to address this by assessing the impact of ADC implementation on healthcare staff satisfaction. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Almoosa Specialist hospital, Al-Ahsa, KSA, involving 203 healthcare staff participants selected through a convenience sampling approach considering the busy and tough schedule of staff. The questionnaire, named ADC User Acceptance Survey (ADC-UAS), was developed using a 10-item scale designed to measure Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), and Behavioral Intention to Use ADCs. This instrument employed a 7-point Likert scale and was based on the Modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Pearson’s correlation was computed to investigate the correlation between demographic and TAM factors. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was applied to assess the influential factors, and results were declared statistically significant if p  < 0.05. Results Out of 203 healthcare professionals, the majority were nurses (82.8%) and females (86.7%), with a mean age of 31.94 ± 5.96 years. The findings demonstrated high ADC acceptance and satisfaction, with 87.2% of participants reporting improved efficiency and 92.1% acknowledging enhanced patient safety. The strong positive relationship between current unit experience and acceptance ( r  = 0.304, p  = 0.000) showed that individuals with more experience in their current unit are more likely to accept the system. Acceptance of ADC was significantly correlated with its usefulness ( r  = 0.820, p  = 0.000). Positive correlation was also observed between professional experience and the perceived usefulness of the system ( r  = 0.144, p  = 0.040). The result of the ANN model identified professional experience (100%), current unit experience (99.9%), and automation experience (97.8%) as the strongest predictors of ADC acceptance. Conclusion The study revealed high acceptance and satisfaction with ADCs among Almoosa healthcare staff, emphasizing that these systems make work more manageable and efficient. Given the high levels of acceptance and satisfaction among healthcare professionals regarding ADCs, it is recommended that healthcare facilities continue to invest in and expand the use of ADC systems.

Automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) represent a critical innovation in modern healthcare, revolutionizing medication management by improving efficiency, accuracy, and security. With the increasing reliance on these technologies, optimizing their performance is paramount. This study aims to apply conventional, hybrid time series, and machine learning models to forecast three key performance indicators of ADCs: items dispensation, override occurrences, and error integration. Using monthly data from the MICU at Almoosa Hospital between January 2023 and December 2024, we employed both traditional linear time series models (e.g., autoregressive models, simple exponential smoothing, autoregressive moving average, and theta models) and advanced non-linear machine learning models (e.g., NPAR, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)) in various hybrid configurations (ARIMA-ANN, EMS-ANN, NPAR-ANN). Model accuracy was assessed using key metrics such as RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and RMSLE, with a bootstrap 95% CI to ensure the best performance for predicting future trends. The study demonstrated that the NPAR-ANN, a hybrid model combining nonparametric ARIMA and artificial neural networks, showed superior performance. The model demonstrated the best performance, achieving the lowest RMSE values. Specifically, for the number of items issued, it attained an RMSE of 71.50, for overrides an RMSE of 15.43, while for error integration, and an RMSE of 20.92 lowest among all competing models. This novel study modeled key parameters of ADCs, providing data-driven insights that can inform hospital decision-making and optimize medication management. The study showcased the application of hybrid machine learning models in forecasting critical ADC parameters, offering valuable data-driven insights for hospital administrators.

There is compelling evidence for the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and earlier epidemics. However, fewer studies have examined the subjective meaning experience of healthcare providers who have survived COVID-19 as patients. This qualitative study aimed to understand further and describe the life experiences of healthcare providers who have survived COVID-19 as patients in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using unstructured in-depth individual interviews among n = 10 healthcare providers from public hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed based on a phenomenological approach, which resulted in five themes: (i) physical and psychological signs and symptoms; (ii) self-healing, hiding pain, and family; (iii) fear of complications; (iv) disease stigma & long-term psychological outcomes; (v) emotional support, mental well-being & resignation. The overall synthesis showed that healthcare providers, as patients, experience the same difficulties and stressors as the general public. In some cases, these factors are even worse, as family members, colleagues, and employers develop a new type of stigma. Given the impact of social media and the flow of information of any type, more research is needed to examine the sources used to obtain information by the general public, whether these sources are reliable, and how the public can be taught to use only scientific data and not social data. Understanding the experience of healthcare providers as patients during the pandemic has allowed to look at the feelings and needs of people during illness from a new perspective. As expressed by participants, being a healthcare provider does not reduce the fear of the disease and does not mitigate its consequences in the form of stigmatization and isolation.

A UPLC-MS method for the estimation of atazanavir sulfate was developed using the “analytical quality by design” approach. The critical chromatographic quality attributes identified were retention time, theoretical plates and peak tailing. The critical method parameters established were percent of organic modifier, flow rate and injection volume. Optimization performed using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) established 10 % organic modifier, 0.4 mL min flow rate and 6-µL injection volume as the optimum method conditions. Atazanavir sulfate eluted at 5.19 min without any interference. Method validation followed international guidelines. The method has proven linearity in the range of 10–90 µg mL . Recovery was between 100.2–101.0 % and precision within the accepted limits (RSD 0.2–0.7 %). and were 2.68 and 8.14 µg mL , resp. Stress testing stability studies showed atazanavir sulfate to degrade under acidic and basic conditions. The suggested technique is simple, rapid and sustainable. It is, therefore, suggested for routine analysis of atazanavir sulfate.

Background: Quality of working life (QWL) is a multidimensional concept that describes an employee’s satisfaction with several work life elements. Quality of nurse working life is considered as a stepping stone for health services improvement, as it affects job satisfaction which, in turn, affects the performance of nurses. Understanding and investigating the nurses’ quality of work life in Saudi Arabia is needed for improvement actions. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the quality of nursing work life (QNWL) among nurses working in Saudi Arabia and to determine the association between demographic variables and quality of work life among nurses. Methods: It was a cross-sectional design using Brooks’ quality of nursing work life survey. It was distributed among nurses over the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results: There were 860 nurses participating in the study. The mean total score for the participants was 174.5+/− 30.3, indicating moderate to high QNWL. The highest score achieved by the nurses was for the work world context (4.29) while the lowest score was for work design dimension (3.92). The study revealed that nationality, income, and shift duration, having a dependent person, and having family accompany the nurse as significant factors affecting the quality of work life among the nurses. Conclusion: A novel contribution of the current study was that the demographic characteristics of the participants, including nationality, income, having family accompany the nurse, having an independent child, or spouse or parents, and shift duration, tended to have a statistically significant correlation with QNWL. The comprehensive results of this study have practical implications whereby authority bodies can create regulatory plans for enhancing satisfaction and performance over the sole utilization of job satisfaction measurements and can thereby improve nurses’ retention and turnover rates.

Technology has increasingly influenced the provision of healthcare services by enhancing patient safety, optimising workflows, and improving efficiency. Large healthcare facilities have adopted automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) as an advanced technological solution. A key gap exists in understanding the ADC implementation experience in different contexts. Therefore, this study seeks to fill this literature gap by exploring key stakeholders’ perspectives on the benefits, barriers, and improvement opportunities related to ADCs, offering valuable insights to support their effective integration across various healthcare settings. This qualitative study was conducted in Saudi Arabia. The implementation of ADCs generally has positive outcomes for all staff. The system has brought about enhanced medication tracking, greater time efficiency, along with reduced workload and medication errors. However, there are barriers to their implementation, including changes in workflow and workload distribution, cabinet design, technical medication management challenges, and the need for staff training. To maximise the effectiveness of ADCs, healthcare organisations should focus on improving operational workflows, providing ongoing staff training, and maintaining robust system monitoring. Additionally, manufacturers should focus on advancing technology to further enhance the efficiency and functionality of ADCs.

The outbreak of the novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has influenced all aspects of life and significantly impacted healthcare services. It has collectively necessitated the use of telemedicine in providing healthcare. Through this study, we aim to report the statistics on telemedicine utilization and satisfaction across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during COVID-19. This is a cross-sectional study to report the utilization and patient satisfaction with telemedicine services across Saudi Arabia. The data was collected retrospectively from March 2020 to July 2020 on 22,620 patients who used telemedicine services for consultations, medicine refills, and home healthcare visits during COVID-19. The patients received a quick response to their calls within a mean (± SD) waiting time of 2.54 (± 6.8) minutes corresponding to a median (IQR) of 0 (0-1) minutes. Home healthcare services were presented within a median (IQR) time of 20.16 (4.64 - 42.28) hours, and patients received medication at home with a median (IQR) time of 18.8 (12.15 - 36.1) hours. Conversations over the phone varied for a median (IQR) time of 5 (3-7) minutes. The highest number of telemedicine calls were for family medicine consultations, i.e., 6729 (29.7%), and the lowest was for infectious diseases 04 (0.1%), followed by cardiology consultations, i.e., 635 (2.8%). A total of 13,154 (58.15) rated their overall satisfaction, of which 11,684 (88.82%) found telemedicine services satisfactory. The utilization of telemedicine across Saudi Arabia results have shown telemedicine to be a satisfactory service for convenient and safe communication between patients and their healthcare providers. It can thus be established as a smart and indissoluble service across the kingdom. However, there is a need to raise awareness of insurance coverage for such services to make them more feasible and accessible to the public.

Aim To evaluate knowledge, attitude and implementation of Skin‐to‐Skin Care (SSC) among nurses and to assess the implementation of SSC in the perinatal setting. Design A cross‐sectional study design was implemented utilizing survey distributed among critical care paediatric and neonatal nurses. Methods The data collection form was pre‐structured validated tool consisted of two main sections; socio‐demographic characteristics and Likert scale of 20 items covering four main domains in; knowledge, attitude, education and implementation of SSC. Results The vast majority of the sample 91 (98%) were females with mean age and mean years of experience 33.5 ± 6.5 and 9.7 ± 6.5 years respectively. Almost half of them 45 (48.4%) work in obstetric and labor and delivery units. Correlation coefficient revealed a significant association between the total educational years of nursing degree and SSC. The results showed nurses with bachelor or master significantly more knowledgeable and skilled in implementing SSC compared to others.

Vaccination of healthcare providers has recently gained focused attention of public health officials. As HCPs have direct contact with the population, and HCPs significantly influence the population, this study aimed to compare the acceptance rate, advocacy rate, and beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine among HCPs in two time periods. In this repeated cross-sectional study, different HCPs were assessed in two periods ten months apart, i.e., November to December 2020 and September to October 2021, which were before and after COVID-19 vaccine approval by authorities. The study was conducted in Qatif Central Hospital, Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. There were 609 respondents: 236 participants in the first period and 373 participants in the second period. Only 13 participants did not get the COVID-19 vaccine. There was around a 40% difference in the acceptance rate between the two study periods; the latter period was higher at 94.7%. Furthermore, 24.1% was the difference between the willingness to advocate the COVID-19 vaccine for others; the first period had a lower percentage (60.1%). Overall, results of the study showed that vaccine hesitancy, as well as the willingness to advocate for the vaccine, were improved between the pre-vaccine approval period and post-vaccine approval period, showing that the efforts made by the government improved COVID-19 acceptance and advocacy among HCPs. However, vaccine hesitancy is not a new issue, and for a better understanding of HCPs’ beliefs, a qualitative study is needed.