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The main aim of this Symposium is to bring out the significance of qualitative research in the field of public health in India. The diverse articles are thematically interconnected and jointly provide socio-historical perspectives of different health concerns prevalent in colonial and postcolonial India. These are located at the crucial intersections between gender, sexuality, and health. While pointing towards the need for more qualitative research, this Symposium is a step towards creating new pathways and broadening the scope of public health research in India.

The fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) is a medium-sized felid, which uses various habitats including areas adjoining wetlands. This species is listed as ‘vulnerable’ in the IUCN Red List 2016, Appendix 2 of CITES and under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act. In spite of being mired with several threats, studies on fishing cats outside protected areas are scarce in West Bengal, and their confirmed presence has so far been reported only from the Howrah and Hooghly districts. This is the first published account of the presence of fishing cats in human-dominated landscapes of East Medinipur (West Bengal, India) through camera-trap evidence. We have observed that habitat alterations and disturbances associated with the construction of a brick kiln have possibly led to the displacement of fishing cats and other associated wildlife species from the study area. Similar surveys in yet unexplored areas of fishing cat distribution range are needed to identify remaining populations, threats to their survival and to initiate appropriate conservation initiatives. Our findings indicate that current anthropocentric land-use policies need to be reviewed to reduce anthropogenic disturbances and destruction of habitats sustaining fishing cats and other wildlife in human-dominated landscapes.

This paper examines in detail the transnational growth in literature for and about children in 18th and 19th century Britain and France. This development hinges on the Lockean and Rousseauian \"pedagogy of play\" and how it has determined the emergence and growth of the \"permissible\" and the \"prohibited\" in a child's world. Locke and Rousseau's imageries of childhood had a profound impact on 18th and 19th century discourses on childhood and children's literature in Europe. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the development of respectable, modern, middle-class children's literature of the time.

Determination of the mechanical properties of thin films on substrates by indentation has always been a problem because of the influence of the substrate on measured properties. The objective of the research described in this dissertation was to study the effect of substrate properties on the measurement of film properties by nanoindentation and to develop methods for extracting the intrinsic film properties from nanoindentation experiments. Aluminum films and tungsten films with thicknesses varying from 0.5 μm to 2.0 μm were sputter deposited onto aluminum, glass, silicon, and sapphire substrates. Hardness and elastic modulus were first determined using the well-established Oliver-Pharr method. The Al films have a hardness of 0.6 GPa and a modulus of 65 GPa and the W films have a hardness of 13–14 GPa and a modulus of 400–440 GPa at small indentation depths. However, due to limitations in the Oliver-Pharr method, these measurements showed significant deviations from the expected value, especially at large indentation depths relative to the film thickness. The true or intrinsic hardness of the Al films on glass and the W films on sapphire can be determined by utilizing the elastic homogeneity of the film and substrate and the P/S2 parameter, where P is the load and S is the contact stiffness. Two other hardness models, the Tsui-Pharr model and the Korsunsky model, were examined using the Al and W data. Finite element methods were also used to model the indentation response of the film/substrate system. The model permitted an estimate of the intrinsic film properties. A model developed by King has been used to extract the intrinsic modulus of the films from the composite data. Although King developed the method for a flat punch indenting an elastic half space, his model works reasonably well for indentations made with the three-faced Berkovich indenter. A simple model for calculating pile-up height from the nanoindentation data is also presented. The pile-up height predicted by the model is compared with measurements made with AFM and found to agree reasonably well.

Tanika Sarkar's 'Wicked Widows Law and Faith in Nineteenth-century Public Sphere Debates' reinterprets earlier historical explanations of gender, caste and class, among others, in relation to Hindu orthodoxy, revivalism and reformism through a critical examination of Hindu widowhood and widow remarriage in colonial Bengal. Other essays in the book by Andrea Major, Mrinalini Sinha, Gail Minault, Pradip Kumar Datta, Anupama Rao, and Prem Chowdhry concentrate on serious, interrelated issues like the problematic discourses, practices and reforms around sati; historiography of masculinity and how 'perceptions' and 'power' were interrelated in the very construction of masculinity (p. 44); the visibility of Muslim women in the historiography of colonial India, the variegated discourses on purdah as well as the purposes of education and 'Islamicisation of Muslim women' especially in late-nineteenthcentury northern India (pp. 10,18); 'gendered' and 'sexualised' constructions of Hindu and Muslim community identities as exemplified in the discourses on 'abductions' of Hindu women by Muslim men in early twentieth century colonial Bengal, as also in Punjab (p. 34); as well as how caste was reasserted and challenged within and outside the colonial and nationalist discursive frameworks in relation to inter-caste marriages in parts of northern and western India.

We show that the minimal number of generators and the Cohen-Macaulay type of a family of numerical semigroups generated by concatenation of arithmetic sequences is unbounded.

This research focuses on analyzing the depth of generalized binomial edge ideals. We extend the notion of d -compatible map and use it to give a combinatorial lower bound for the depth of generalized binomial edge ideals. Subsequently, we determine an upper bound for the depth of generalized binomial edge ideals in terms of the vertex-connectivity of graphs. We demonstrate that the difference between the upper and lower bounds can be arbitrarily large, even in cases when one of the bounds is sharp. In addition, we calculate the depth of generalized binomial edge ideals of certain classes of graphs, including cycles and graphs with Cohen-Macaulay binomial edge ideals.

Background/aimsArtificial intelligence (AI) in Ophthalmology has yet to be applied to real-time cataract surgery. This work explores a new AI tool, developed for phacoemulsification, and evaluates its potential uses.First, our study aimed to demonstrate the use of AI in phase recognition and analysis of phacoemulsification. Second, to evaluate the application of real-time AI to live cataract surgery.MethodsPhase I: surgical video recordings of adult patients undergoing cataract surgery at Moorfields Eye Hospital were captured. The AI, via Touch Surgery Ecosystem, was developed and used to segment surgery into phases based on the International Council of Ophthalmology-Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric tool.Phase II: having demonstrated the AI’s functionality in phase I, a further group of phacoemulsification patients was recruited into a live surgery study arm. Three auxiliary screens were deployed in the operating theatres, displaying phase detection and phase relevant information in real time.ResultsPhase I: 192 videos were analysed between March 2020 and March 2021. Average case duration for consultants (n=68), advanced trainees (n=59) and junior trainees (n=65) was 11.18, 17.54 and 21.36 min, respectively. Efficiency benchmarks were determined using the median metric values for advanced trainee and consultant cases, respectively.Phase II: efficiency metrics for 74 cases with screen deployment and 26 without were compared. With real-time AI, consultant surgeons had a significant decrease in case duration.ConclusionsWe demonstrate the first use of a fully independent AI platform for analysing efficiency metrics in cataract surgery. Real-time AI has the potential to improve operative efficiency and surgical team training.