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A bstract Neutrino oscillation experiments provide a unique window in exploring several new physics scenarios beyond the standard three flavour. One such scenario is quantum decoherence in neutrino oscillation which tends to destroy the interference pattern of neutrinos reaching the far detector from the source. In this work, we study the decoherence in neutrino oscillation in the context of the ESSnuSB experiment. We consider the energy-independent decoherence parameter and derive the analytical expressions for P μe and P μμ probabilities in vacuum. We have computed the capability of ESSnuSB to put bounds on the decoherence parameters namely, Γ 21 and Γ 32 and found that the constraints on Γ 21 are competitive compared to the DUNE bounds and better than the most stringent LBL ones from MINOS/MINOS+. We have also investigated the impact of decoherence on the ESSnuSB measurement of the Dirac CP phase δ CP and concluded that it remains robust in the presence of new physics.

A bstract This study provides an analysis of atmospheric neutrino oscillations at the ESSnuSB far detector facility. The prospects of the two cylindrical Water Cherenkov detectors with a total fiducial mass of 540 kt are investigated over 10 years of data taking in the standard three-flavor oscillation scenario. We present the confidence intervals for the determination of mass ordering, θ 23 octant as well as for the precisions on sin 2 θ 23 and Δ m 31 2 . It is shown that mass ordering can be resolved by 3 σ CL (5 σ CL) after 4 years (10 years) regardless of the true neutrino mass ordering. Correspondingly, the wrong θ 23 octant could be excluded by 3 σ CL after 4 years (8 years) in the case where the true neutrino mass ordering is normal ordering (inverted ordering). The results presented in this work are complementary to the accelerator neutrino program in the ESSnuSB project.

A bstract Neutrino oscillations constitute an excellent tool to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. In this paper, we investigate the potential of the ESSnuSB experiment to constrain the effects of flavour-dependent long-range forces (LRFs) in neutrino oscillations, which may arise due to the extension of the Standard Model gauge group by introducing new U(1) symmetries. Focusing on three specific U(1) symmetries — L e − L μ , L e − L τ , and L μ − L τ , we demonstrate that ESSnuSB offers a favourable environment to search for LRF effects. Our analyses reveal that ESSnuSB can set 90% confidence level bounds of V eμ < 2.99 × 10 − 14 eV, V eτ < 2.05 × 10 − 14 eV, and V μτ < 1.81 × 10 − 14 eV, which are competitive to the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). It is also observed that reducing the systematic uncertainties from 5% to 2% improves the ESSnuSB limits on V αβ . Interestingly, we find limited correlations between LRF parameters and the less constrained lepton mixing parameters θ 23 and δ CP , preserving the robustness of ESSnuSB’s sensitivity to CP violation. Even under extreme LRF potentials ( V αβ ≫ 10 − 13 eV), the CP-violation sensitivity and δ CP precision remain largely unaffected. These results establish ESSnuSB as a competitive experimental setup for probing LRF effects, complementing constraints from other neutrino sources and offering critical insights into the physics of long-range forces.

ESSnuSB is a design study for an experiment to measure the CP violation in the leptonic sector at the second neutrino oscillation maximum using a neutrino beam driven by the uniquely powerful ESS linear accelerator. The reduced impact of systematic errors on sensitivity at the second maximum allows for a very precise measurement of the CP violating parameter. This review describes the fundamental advantages of measurement at the second maximum, the necessary upgrades to the ESS linac in order to produce a neutrino beam, the near and far detector complexes, and the expected physics reach of the proposed ESSnuSB experiment, concluding with the near future developments aimed at the project realization.

Over the last 30 years, the Kiirunavaara mine has experienced a slow but progressive fracturing and movement in the footwall rock mass, which is directly related to the sublevel caving (SLC) method utilized by Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag (LKAB). As part of an ongoing work, this paper focuses on describing and explaining a likely evolution path of large-scale fracturing in the Kiirunavaara footwall. The trace of this fracturing was based on a series of damage mapping campaigns carried out over the last 2 years, accompanied by numerical modeling. Data collected from the damage mapping between mine levels 320 and 907 m was used to create a 3D surface representing a conceptual boundary for the extent of the damaged volume. The extent boundary surface was used as the basis for calibrating conceptual numerical models created in UDEC. The mapping data, in combination with the numerical models, indicated a plausible evolution path of the footwall fracturing that was subsequently described. Between levels 320 and 740 m, the extent of fracturing into the footwall appears to be controlled by natural pre-existing discontinuities, while below 740 m, there are indications of a curved shear or step-path failure. The step-path is hypothesized to be activated by rock mass heave into the SLC zone above the current extraction level. Above the 320 m level, the fracturing seems to intersect a subvertical structure that daylights in the old open pit slope. Identification of these probable damage mechanisms was an important step in order to determine the requirements for a monitoring system for tracking footwall damage. This paper describes the background work for the design of the system currently being installed.

A series of laboratory tests was performed on cemented shotcrete-rock joints to investigate the strength and stiffness of the interfaces, while simulating field conditions as close as possible. The direct shear test formed the core of the experimental work, while the tension and compression tests were complementary. To simulate loading conditions experienced in practical cases the direct shear tests were performed under fairly low normal stresses. In most practical cases when shotcrete is used with rock bolts, the normal load on shotcrete lining seldom exceeds 0.2 to 0.5MPa. The direct shear test results show that, for such normal load range the shear strength is determined by the bond strength for genuinely bonded shotcrete-rock interfaces. For higher normal stresses (σ^sub n^ > 1.0MPa), which rarely exist at the shotcrete-rock interface, the shear strength is largely influenced by friction resulting in the cohesive strength being less significant. Assessment of the shear surface revealed that the steel fibres in the shotcrete appeared to contribute significantly to the frictional component. The shear and normal stiffnesses of the interface were also determined, which were in principal the stiffnesses of the bond. An interesting observation was the complex interaction at the interface and the mechanisms that controlled the peak shear strength which depended on the surface roughness, the existence of natural flaws and the normal load.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Neutrino oscillation experiments provide a unique window in exploring several new physics scenarios beyond the standard three flavour. One such scenario is quantum decoherence in neutrino oscillation which tends to destroy the interference pattern of neutrinos reaching the far detector from the source. In this work, we study the decoherence in neutrino oscillation in the context of the ESSnuSB experiment. We consider the energy-independent decoherence parameter and derive the analytical expressions for P\\(_ e\\) and P\\(_ \\) probabilities in vacuum. We have computed the capability of ESSnuSB to put bounds on the decoherence parameters namely, \\(_21\\) and \\(_32\\) and found that the constraints on \\(_21\\) are competitive compared to the DUNE bounds and better than the most stringent LBL ones from MINOS/MINOS+. We have also investigated the impact of decoherence on the ESSnuSB measurement of the Dirac CP phase \\(_ CP\\) and concluded that it remains robust in the presence of new physics.

Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world's brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).