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This study estimated the fiscal reaction function to evaluate the sustainability of fiscal policy in Algeria from 1990 Q1 to 2022 using a nonlinear ARDL model. The results indicate that high debt levels adversely affect the budget balance during positive shocks, highlighting the need for effective debt management. The negative impact of the spending gap during downturns reflects Algeria’s reliance on government spending and the drawbacks of pro-cyclical fiscal policies. The output gap’s consistent positive effect on the budget balance suggests effective fiscal management. Additionally, oil price shocks, trade openness, and demographic changes all play significant roles in influencing the budget balance. Overall, the study reveals that insufficient responses to primary budget balance shocks weaken fiscal sustainability, emphasizing the need for improved debt management, counter-cyclical policies, economic diversification, and strategic fiscal adjustments to enhance financial stability in Algeria.

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens. Increasing resistance coupled with the fact that few novel antibiotics are currently available or in the pipeline, leaves patients and physicians with a very limited armamentarium against these pathogens. Combination therapies are considered as effective options to overcome this matter. Fifty A. baumannii isolates were collected from clinical specimens, from patients in ICU at Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat, Morocco during the January 2011-January 2012 period. Antimicrobial susceptibilities to amikacin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, amoxcicillin-clavulanic-acid and imipenem were determined by disk diffusion and the E-test method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and the MIC for colistin, imipenem, rifampicin and for the combinations tests. A total of 76% of A. baumannii isolates were MDR to antibiotics unlike colistin which is 100%, imipenem 26%, and rifampicin 14% of isolates were susceptible, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 of imipenem were 24 mu g/ml and >32 mu g/ml, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 of rifampicin were 4 mu g/ml and 6 mu g/ml, respectively.

This article identifies the report of toxic habits with the evolution to vascular cerebral accidents among residents of the prefecture of Skhirat-Temara. Retrospective of lifestyle analysis identified patients and two family members or relatives. Residents of the prefecture of Skhirat-Temara with vascular cerebral accidents and two witnesses relatives of the same age, socio-economic and health life-like were discussed. The series included 136 individuals, 46 patients and other witnesses that meet the inclusion criteria. The incidence of vascular cerebral accidents is 11.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. Despite the reduced number of the series, the authors find that the results are concordant with those described in the literature. In particular gender, age, IMC, toxic habits especially active smoking and passive is imposed on the entourage of smokers in the absence of the implementation of smoke-free laws in public areas. This study evaluates the impact of toxic habits in the pathogenesis of vascular cerebral accidents in the population studied.

This study aims to answer questions related to the level of quality application in individual urban transport services and the corresponding degree of customer satisfaction within the urban fabric of the city of Maghnia. For this, the study tool was designed from two questionnaires, the first directed to taxi drivers to evaluate the level of quality of the transport service from their point of view, and the second to customers to evaluate their satisfaction. 500 questionnaires were distributed to taxi drivers and 600 customers, and the response rate was estimated at 70.4% and 74.66% respectively. The results reflected an average, or somewhat satisfactory, level of the transport service provided by taxi drivers, which contributed to achieving satisfactory and average customer satisfaction as well. This means that there is a need for improvements related to the administrative aspect and increased attention to customer preferences, in order to enhance their satisfaction to the highest levels.

Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic, progressive disease that rapidly progresses to severe stages. Reliable and accurate diagnosis, combined with the implementation of preventive lifestyle modifications before irreversible damage occurs, can effectively protect patients from becoming an inactive population. Artificial intelligence continues to play a pivotal role in computer-aided diagnosis with increasingly convincing accuracy, particularly in identifying the severity of knee osteoarthritis according to the Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grading scale. The primary objective of this literature review is twofold. Firstly, it aims to provide a systematic analysis of the current literature on the main artificial intelligence models used recently to predict the severity of knee osteoarthritis from radiographic images. Secondly, it constitutes a critical review of the different methodologies employed and the key elements that have improved diagnostic performance. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that the considerable success of artificial intelligence systems will reinforce healthcare professionals’ confidence in the reliability of machine learning algorithms, facilitating more effective and faster treatment for patients afflicted with knee osteoarthritis. In order to achieve these objectives, a qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted on 60 original research articles published between 1 January 2018 and 15 May 2024.

Moisture-sensitive granular soils containing fines, such as sand-clay (SC) mixtures, lose their shear strength after cycles of wetting and drying, compromising the stability of shallow foundations, embankments, and sub-base layers. Improving performance using conventional stabilisers such as cement and lime comes at a cost to the environment and the economy. This study examines recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) strips as a green reinforcement for a sand-kaolin mixture (65% sand, 35% kaolin; SC according to the unified soil classification system unified soil classification system (USCS)). Direct shear tests were performed conducted at normal stresses of 100, 200, and 300 kPa and moisture contents of ranging from 0 to 12%. The unreinforced samples suffered a loss of strength of up to 50% at 12% moisture content, while the PET-reinforced soils achieved a maximum shear stress that was 25–30% higher, 40% greater cohesion, and a 35% reduction in vertical deformation. The friction angle was slightly better (+ 1.3° at 0–4% moisture content) but decreased at higher water contents due to lubrication. Even at 12% moisture content, the reinforced soils had a cohesion of 19 kPa compared to 15 kPa for the unreinforced soils and a shear stress of 90 kPa compared to 145 kPa for the dry strength. These results confirm that PET strips act as traction elements, resisting softening due to moisture and offering a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional stabilisers, while contributing to circular economy initiatives.

The unexpected outbreak of the Corona virus (COVID-19) disrupted schools and universities around the world. Traditional classes were canceled, forcing schools and universities to switch to online learning. While developed countries have already adopted e-learning and online learning into their teaching practices, which made the transition relatively easy during the COVID-19 crisis, other developing countries continue to struggle with problems of electricity and information technology infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the challenges of online learning faced by students and teachers at the Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco. Thus, two anonymous structured Google Forms questionnaires were sent to participants via email. 498 responses were returned from students and 105 from teachers. We use descriptive statistics to better understand the distribution of study participants. The study reveals that the faculty during the lockdown ensured educational continuity and offered a reliable online learning in terms of digital and educational materials. However, technical problems such as the slow speed of the Internet connection, lack of knowledge about the use of information and communication technologies to teach and learn, low motivation of students, were significant challenges to students’ and teachers’ use of the digital tools.

This work is a comparative study of the effect of two different annealing methods on copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticle properties obtained previously by direct precipitation method. The prepared samples were annealed in air at various temperatures (300, 400, 500°C) for 1 hour. Then they were characterized by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The main results revealed an increase in the grain size in both methods as the annealing temperature increases. It reaches 30.93 nm in RTA and 26.75 nm in STA at 500°C. XRD spectra showed, in the case of RTA at 500 °C, a significant decrease in the intensity corresponding to the (002) and (111) orientations. This result indicated that beyond 400 °C, one hour of RTA is not suitable for enhancing CuO nanoparticle crystallinity compared to STA. The optical analysis demonstrated that the energy of the optical band gap in STA is higher than that in RTA. It reaches 2,88 eV at 500°C using RTA which is close to the gap value of CuO in the range of 1.8–2.8 eV. FT-IR results showed, for both methods, the presence of characteristic peaks of the Cu-O bonds in the monoclinic CuO structure without any trace of Cu O structure. Nevertheless, samples exposed to RTA for one hour are more susceptible to absorbing species of C=O bond (C=O bond is due to the atmospheric CO absorption and the presence of organic impurities from the synthesis process) than those of STA. Hence, RTA at 500 °C is far from producing CuO nanoparticles with preferred characteristics; it needs further research to examine the effect of higher temperature by controlling the annealing time.

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare but potentially fatal disease. It is characterized by hyperinflammation, including the proliferation and activation of immune cells (CD8 T cells and NK cells) associated with hypercytokinemia. Patients present with fever, splenomegaly, and cytopenia, associated with a hemophagocytosis picture in the bone marrow. It can progress to a multiorgan failure syndrome (MODS), mimicking sepsis or a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). We report the case of an 8-year-old girl admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for the management of major trauma due to a domestic accident. She presented with a protracted fever in the context of a septic shock, despite appropriate treatment. The association with bicytopenia, hyperferritinemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and hypertriglyceridemia was suggestive of MAS which was confirmed by a bone marrow puncture showing hemophagocytosis. A Bolus of corticotherapy was then added to the supportive treatment and broad-spectrum antibiotherapy, with a good outcome.