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"Said, Sayed"
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Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Urban Sprawl in a Coastal City Using GIS-Based Markov Chain and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Over the last two decades, globally coastal areas have urbanized rapidly due to various socioeconomic and demographic driving forces. However, urban expansion in towns and cities of the developing world has been characterized by entangled structures and trends exacerbating numerous negative consequences such as pollution, ecological degradation, loss of agricultural land and green areas, and deprived settlements. Substantially, spatial simulation of urban growth and their consequences on coastal areas particularly in Egypt is still very rare. Geospatial modelling coastal urban growth is crucial and has enormous potential for coastal land use transformation and urban sustainability. The key aim of this study was to analyze spatiotemporal changes (2010–2020) and simulate future dynamics (2030 to 2050) of land use/land cover (LULC) in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Artificial Neural Network–Multiple Layer Perceptron (ANN-MLP) and Markov Chain techniques were employed within the GIS platform to assess processes of land transitions and predict urban growth trends, patterns and dimensions. The forecasting process was based on three maps of LULC derived from classified Landsat images of 2000, 2010 and 2020. In addition, topographical, demographic, accessibility, proximity factors were generated and developed in the form of raster spatial parameters of urbanization driving forces. The findings revealed that the observed expansion of the built-up area during one decade (2010–2020) was 12,477.51 ha, with a decline in agricultural area (7440.39 ha) and bare land (4904.91 ha). The projected change was forecasted to be 71,544 ha by 2030 and 81,983 ha in 2040 with a total of 35,998 ha increase in the built-up area and residential expansion by 2050. Despite this expected pattern of rapid changes, urban growth will be shaped by the key drivers of proximity to coastline and agricultural land transformation. The analysis indicates that the vertical urban growth will be most likely dominant along the coastal zone due to the lack of vacant lands, whereas the horizontal urban expansion will primarily take place towards the east-northeastern and south-southeastern directions of the city. The present work provides a holistic framework for establishing initial coastal land use plans not only for planners and urban administrators in Alexandria but also for policymakers and coastal municipalities in developing nations.
Journal Article
Morpho-physiological mechanisms of two different quinoa ecotypes to resist salt stress
Background
Quinoa (
Chenopodium quinoa
Willd.) is a facultative halophyte showing various mechanisms of salt resistance among different ecotype cultivars. This study aimed to determine salt resistance limits for a Peruvian sea level ecotype “
Hualhuas
” and a Bolivian salar ecotype “
Real
” and elucidate individual mechanisms conferring differences in salt resistance between these cultivars. The plants were grown in sandy soil and irrigated with various saline solutions concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM NaCl) under controlled conditions.
Results
High salinity treatment (500 mM NaCl) reduced the plant growth by 80% and 87% in
Hualhuas
and
Real
cultivars, respectively. EC
50
(water salinity which reduces the maximum yield by 50%) was at a salinity of 300 mM NaCl for
Hualhuas
and between 100 and 200 mM NaCl for
Real
plants. Both cultivars were able to lower the osmotic potential of all organs due to substantial Na
+
accumulation. However,
Hualhuas
plants exhibited distinctly lower Na
+
contents and consequently a higher K
+
/Na
+
ratio compared to
Real
plants, suggesting a more efficient control mechanism for Na
+
loading and better K
+
retention in
Hualhuas
plants. Net CO
2
assimilation rates (
A
net
) were reduced, being only 22.4% and 36.2% of the control values in
Hualhuas
and
Real
, respectively, at the highest salt concentration. At this salinity level,
Hualhuas
plants showed lower stomatal conductance (
g
s
) and transpiration rates (
E
), but higher photosynthetic water use efficiency (
PWUE
), indicative of an efficient control mechanism over the whole gas-exchange machinery.
Conclusion
These results reveal that
Hualhuas
is a promising candidate in terms of salt resistance and biomass production compared to
Real
.
Journal Article
A novel chaos-based approach for constructing lightweight S-Boxes
Cryptography is the science of using specific secret writing techniques to convert an original message into a coded form for safe transmission over public networks. While conventional cryptographic techniques are efficient on resource-rich devices (e.g., PCs, servers, smartphones), they may perform poorly on the Internet of Things (IoT) devices with limited resources (e.g., Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, sensors). Consequently, a specialized approach known as Light-Weight Cryptography (LWC) is necessary. The Substitution-Box (S-Box) is a crucial and distinct component in constructing cryptographic algorithms that introduces nonlinearity between inputs and outputs. This paper uses chaotic maps to present a novel approach for constructing 4 × 4 S-Boxes tailored for LWC with strong cryptographic properties. The method initially employs an enhanced sine map, followed by a combination of an enhanced logistic map and an enhanced tent map. This approach optimizes multiple parameters by a defined security threshold. The evaluation of the generated 4 × 4 S-Boxes confirms their optimal performance in the context of the Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC), the Bit Independence Criterion (BIC), and enhanced resistance to Side Channel Attack (SCA), outperforming existing S-Boxes. Furthermore, successfully obscuring image features demonstrated their effectiveness in image encryption. We assessed the hardware efficiency of one of the generated S-Boxes by calculating its Gate Equivalent (GE) using the NanGate 45nm technology. The highly secure S-Boxes constructed in this study can serve as replacements for similar-sized S-Boxes in existing algorithms or be utilized to construct lightweight block cipher algorithms.
Journal Article
Impact of Systemic Diseases on Olfactory Function in COVID-19 Infected Patients
Background: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) is now a major public health threat to the world. Olfactory dysfunctions (ODs) are considered potential indicating symptoms and early case identification triaging for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The most common reported comorbidities are diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate prevalence of different types of smell disorders in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection and impact of involved systemic diseases. Methodology: A cross-sectional retrospective study has been done for patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection (mild-to-moderate). The data collected from patient's files and developed online electronic questionnaire (WhatsApp) based on the patients most common and recurrent reported data including: a) symptoms of olfactory dysfunction and associated covid19 symptoms fever and headache, cough, sore throat, pneumonia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, arthralgia and myalgia and taste dysfunction. b) Associated systemic diseases including: diabetes, hypertension, asthma, chronic renal disease, chorionic liver disease and hypothyroidism. Results: Of 308 patients confirmed with Covid-19 infection, (72.4%) developed OD distributed as follows; complete anosmia (57.8%), troposmia (8.4%), hyposmia (2.9%), partial anosmia (2.6%) and euosmia (0.6%). Significantly increased prevalence of diabetes, hypertension asthma in the group with olfactory dysfunction (p < 0.001), chronic liver disease (p = 0.005), and hypothyroidism (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The development of ODs after Covid-19 infection was associated with mild disease form and lower hospitalization. In addition, it showed significant relationship with preexisting systemic diseases. Anosmia is the common modality of ODs. Keywords: COVID-19, anosmia, olfactory dysfunction
Journal Article
An analytical study of the work environment in industrial companies: Evidence from Arab countries
This study investigated the features of the work environment in Arab industrial companies. This study was conducted by using a quantitative survey with 108 items that correspond to their views and opinions on their work environment and identify their individual stress and productivity levels based on a combination of four preexisting surveys; \"Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)\", \"Endicott Work Productivity Scale (EWPS)\", \"Work Environment Survey (WES)\" and \"World Health Organisation-Workplace Health and Productivity Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ)\". A total of 434 responses were received on May 2022 from seven Arab countries (Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia). The study found a difference in the characteristics of the work environment in Arab industrial companies, where there is a difference in the attitudes of workers in those companies towards \"Perceived Stress\", \"Work Productivity\", \"Work Environment\", and \"Workplace Health and productivity\" between Arab industrial companies according to the country. The study can explain this result according to the difference in financial and technology resources between manufacturing companies in the Arab Gulf versus Egypt and Jordan. Finally, there are two evidences that can be implemented immediately. A significant percentage of unsatisfied work environments are derived from a lack of relationships between supervisors and subordinates. It is therefore advisable for companies to devise a training programme to achieve a healthy work environment on the other hand.
Journal Article
Quantifying Parametric Influence on Cuttings Transport in Deviated Deep Wells Using Global Sensitivity Analysis Methods
Efficient cuttings transport is essential for wellbore stability and minimizing non‐productive time in deviated and horizontal wells. This study applies global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to evaluate the influence of 14 drilling parameters on cuttings transport using WellPlanTM hydraulic simulations. Field‐based parameter distributions were sampled via the Sobol sequence, and 210 runs were analyzed for total cuttings volume, suspended volume, and bed height. Three GSA techniques–regression‐based, variance‐based, and moment‐independent–were used to capture first‐ and second‐order effects. Results reveal two distinct regimes: complete suspension and bed formation. Flow rate, bit size, cuttings density, and rate of penetration emerged as dominant controls, while rheological parameters (yield point, plastic viscosity) had a limited effect within the studied ranges. Graphical methods, including scatter plots and CUSUNORO plots, supported these findings. The integrated GSA framework provides quantitative insights into parameter interactions and operational thresholds, offering a data‐driven basis for optimizing hole‐cleaning strategies in deviated wells. Cuttings transport simulation workflow.
Journal Article
Impact of vitamin D in children with chronic tonsillitis (immunohistochemical study of CD68 polarisation and proinflammatory cytokines estimation)
Inflammatory processes are increasingly attributed to macrophage polarization. Proinflammatory macrophages promote T helper (Th) 1 response, tissue repair, and Th2 responses. Detection of macrophages in tissue sections is facilitated by CD68. Our study is focused on the expression of CD68 and the estimation of proinflammatory cytokines in children’s patients with chronic tonsillitis secondary to vitamin D supplementation. This hospital-based Randomized prospective case–control study was conducted on 80 children with chronic tonsillitis associated with vitamin D deficiency where (40 received vitamin D 50,000 IU weekly for 3–6 months and 40 received 5 ml distilled water as placebo). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on all included children. Different histological and immunohistochemical studies for the detection of CD68 were done. There was a significantly lower serum level of 25(OH)D in the placebo group versus the vitamin D group (
P
< 0.001). The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα, and IL-2 significantly increased in the placebo group as compared to the vitamin D group (
P
< 0.001). The increased level of IL-4 and IL-10 in the placebo group as compared to the vitamin D group was insignificant (
P
= 0.32, 0.82) respectively. Vitamin D supplementation alleviated the deleterious effect of chronic tonsillitis on the histological structure of the tonsil. Tonsillar tissues of the children in the control and vitamin D groups demonstrated a highly statistically significantly lower number of CD68 immunoexpressing cells compared with those in the placebo group (
P
< 0.001). Low vitamin D may play a role in chronic tonsillitis. Vitamin D supplementation could help reduce the occurrence of chronic tonsillitis in susceptible children.
Journal Article
Effect of salinity on composition, viability and germination of seeds of Chenopodium quinoa Willd
Salinity influences plant growth, seed yield and seed quality even of halophytic crops such as Chenopodium quinoa. Plant growth, total seed yield, number of seeds, fresh weight and dry weight of seeds, were all significantly reduced in the presence of salinity. Only at high salinity did the content of proteins (as well as total N) increase significantly in the seeds whereas the content of total carbohydrates (as well as total C) decrease. Aside from that the capacity for germination was diminished by a reduced seed size and a disproportionate reduction of the volume of the perisperm. However, the reduced capacity seemed to be compensated by an accelerated germination owing to high Na and Cl concentrations leading to a low water potential in the walls of the plant ovary. At high salinity the passage of NaCl to the seed interior was hindered by the seed cover. There was an obvious gradient between potentially toxic (Na and Cl) and essentially needed elements (K, Mg, Ca, P and S) across the seed coat of salt treated plants and also a significant change of the distribution of elements in the embryo. The results indicate a highly protected seed interior leading to a high salinity resistance of quinoa seeds.
Journal Article
Enhanced Optimum PTFOIDN Speed Controller for Battery-Powered Brushless Direct Current Motor-Based Electromobility Applications
Lithium-ion batteries form the backbone of the recent transition to electric vehicles (EVs). Due to limited capacities, costly replacements, and short lifetimes, proper control and management systems are essential for developing modern battery-powered EV systems. Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors have gained popularity in traction and industrial drive applications due to their high efficiency and long lifespan. The speed controller for the BLDC motor is a critical element in defining the system’s overall response and performance. Therefore, this paper presents a non-integer fractional-order control scheme to enhance a hybridized speed controller for BLDC motors. Unlike existing integer- and non-integer-based controllers in the literature, the new modified controller is a hybrid structure that combines the three control schemes. The proposed control is constructed using the hybrid proportional-tilt-fractional order Integrator-derivative with filter (PTFOIDN) controller. The proposed PTFOIDN controller inherently incorporates the merits of FOPI, TID, and FOPID control structures and branches within a single, hybridized structure. The proposed PTFOIDN controller features eight tunable parameters, allowing for more flexible design possibilities. Furthermore, a practical design methodology using a recent Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) is proposed in this paper to determine the optimum set of control parameters simultaneously. Different drive cycles, comparative analysis, and operating scenarios are presented in the paper to validate the effectiveness of the new proposed PTFOID controller and MPA-based control design.
Journal Article