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In this work, a novel adsorbent called magnetite/MXene (Fe3O4/Ti3C2) nanocomposite was prepared, characterized, and applied for the removal of organic dye, malachite green dye (MG), from both real water and model solutions. Numerous techniques were used to characterize the prepared Fe3O4/Ti3C2 nanocomposite: XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and surface area analysis. The outcomes showed that the Al layer had been selectively etched, that the MAX phase (Ti3AlC2) had been transformed into layered Ti3C2 MXene, that the cubic Fe3O4 phase had been prepared, and that the prepared Fe3O4 NPs had been evenly distributed on the MXene surface. Also, SEM pictures showed the successful etching of the MAX phase and the formation of the ultrathin multi-layered MXene, which the Fe3O4 NPs covered upon forming the Fe3O4/Ti3C2 nanocomposite at the surface and inside the ultrathin multi-layered MXene. The effect of different operational parameters affecting the removal process was explored and optimized. The MG dye was removed mostly within 60 min, with a 4.68 mg/g removal capacity using 5 mg of the Fe3O4/Ti3C2 nanocomposite. The removal was examined from both kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives, and the findings demonstrated the spontaneity of the removal process as well as the applicability of fractal-like pseudo-first-order and fractal-like pseudo-second-order kinetics when compared to other kinetics models. The Fe3O4/Ti3C2 nanocomposite was used to remove MG dye from real spiked environmental water samples, and the results revealed the successful remediation of the real samples from the organic dye by the Fe3O4/Ti3C2 nanocomposite. Accordingly, Fe3O4/Ti3C2 nanocomposite could be considered a potential adsorbent for the environmental remediation of polluted water.

A green ZnO@polynaniline/bentonite composite (G.Zn@PN/BE) was synthesized as an enhanced adsorbent for As (V) ions. Its adsorption properties were assessed in comparison with the integrated components of bentonite (BE) and polyaniline/bentonite (PN/BE) composites. The G.Zn@PN/BE composite achieved an As (V) retention capacity (213 mg/g) higher than BE (72.7 mg/g) and PN/BE (119.8 mg/g). The enhanced capacity of G.Zn@PN/BE was studied using classic (Langmuir) and advanced equilibrium (monolayer model of one energy) models. Considering the steric properties, the structure of G.Zn@PN/BE demonstrated a higher density of active sites (Nm = 109.8 (20 °C), 108.9 (30 °C), and 67.8 mg/g (40 °C)) than BE and PN/BE. This declared the effect of the integration process in inducing the retention capacity by increasing the quantities of the active sites. The number of adsorbed As (V) ions per site (1.76 up to 2.13) signifies the retention of two or three ions per site by a multi-ionic mechanism. The adsorption energies (from −3.07 to −3.26 kJ/mol) suggested physical retention mechanisms (hydrogen bonding and dipole bonding forces). The adsorption energy, internal energy, and free enthalpy reflected the exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous nature of the retention process. The structure is of significant As (V) uptake capacity in the existence of competitive anions or metal ions.

Metal organic frameworks are widely used as adsorbent materials in recent years. In this study, the most prepared metal organic framework MIL-101 was prepared by hydrothermal method and featured magnetic property using co-precipitation method Fe 3 O 4 . Then, the prepared composite (MIL-101/Fe 3 O 4 ) was first characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, and surface area analysis, then was used for the adsorptive removal of the most used antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CIP). The effect of different adsorption variables which may affect the removal of CIP by MIL-101/Fe 3 O 4 was investigated, as well as their adsorbent quantity, initial CIP concentration, pH, temperature, and contact time. The non-linear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were applied to experimental data. It was observed that rising solution temperature decreases adsorption efficiency, as the maximum adsorption uptake value was 63.28 mg g −1 at 298 K and 22.93 mg g −1 at 313 K, indicating the exothermic nature of the adsorption. The adsorption was studied kinetically and found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The desorption of CIP from the MIL-101/Fe 3 O 4 was investigated using three different eluents, and the results showed that phosphate-buffered solution was the most effective desorption eluent. Graphical abstract Schematic diagram of the preparation steps of MIL-101/Fe3O4

The most common sheep breeds of Egypt are Ossimi, Rahmani, and Barki breeds. The latter one is well adapted to the challenging desert environment, characterized by food shortage and a high temperature fluctuation. Growth performance of Barki sheep has an important economic value in terms of minimizing the shortage of mutton meat in Egypt. Further, milk production is of great importance for feeding newborn lambs. Eight candidate genes, recently associated with production traits in different breeds, were used to study the effect of genotype on lamb growth and ewe milk traits. The examined genes were LEP, IGF1, DGAT1, STAT5A, PRL, CSN1S2, GHR, and GHRHR, of which one representative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the coding region was selected for genotyping. Data from 251 Barki sheep were used in this study. Association analysis between SNPs and lamb growth traits identified rs420693815 of the LEP gene to be significantly associated with weaning weight and average daily gain. In ewes, significant effects on milk yield and composition have been estimated for LEP (rs420693815), STAT5A (rs161082816), PRL (rs422713690), and GHRHR (rs414991449). The results indicated that these genes might be considered as interesting candidates for further investigations to improve growth and milk performance in Barki sheep.

Physical and psychological effects of playing computer games cannot be ignored. Electronic games are considered to be an influential factor in growth, personality development, and positive sociability of children, and game duration has been associated with increased aggression, reduced mental health, and higher BMI. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between electronic gaming and health, social relationships, and physical activity among males aged 16–18 years in Saudi Arabia. An online survey designed by the authors containing 60 items and divided into 5 sections was used during one school semester. The sample was selected randomly from 30 high schools; 90 students were selected from each school, with 30 chosen from each of grades 9, 10, and 11. Respondents were 194 male students, aged 17.23 ± 1.52 years. The questionnaire was presented to six experts to assess validity, with Cronbach’s α established at 0.87. Results showed that playing electronic games had a negative relation with health, social relationships, and physical activity among males. The most negative significant was the correlation between electronic games and physical activity (r = −.49), followed by that with social relationships (r = −.42) and BMI (r = −.31) . The lowest result was for health (r = .20). More empirical investigations are needed to explore deeper effects of electronic gaming on various groups in Saudi society, including the general population, employees, and different categories of school and university students.

In the present study, new emerging 2D Mxene nanosheets (MXNSs) were synthesized from MAX phase powders of Ti3AlC2 and then characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to explore the chemical and physical properties of the prepared MXNS. The characterization of the synthesized MXNS indicated the formation of exfoliated 2D MXene nanosheets (Ti3C2) as a result of the HF treatment of the MAX phase, which was confirmed by XRD measurements, as the characteristic peaks of 2D MXene nanosheets were only observed. The synthesized MXNS was then used as a solid adsorbent for removing malachite green dye (MG) from water. The effects of different operational factors such as MXNS dose, solution temperature, time, MG concentration, solution pH, and ionic strength have also been evaluated. The adsorption results showed that the temperature of the solution, as well as its pH, significantly influenced MG removal when using MXNS. The optimum removal was obtained within 150 min, with 20 mg of MXNS at ambient temperature and a pH value of 6.0. The maximum removal capacity obtained was 4.6 mg MG per g of MXNS using 5 mg of MXNS with a removal efficacy of 46.0%, and the minimum removal capacity obtained was 2.5 mg MG per g of MXNS using 20 mg of MXNS with a removal efficacy of 99.1%. Finally, the results displayed that the MXNS solid adsorbent was able to absorb a high percentage of MG and maintained reasonable efficiency for four consecutive cycles, indicating that MXNS could be a promising adsorbent in wastewater remediation and environmental sustainability.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attained significant usage as adsorbents for antiviral medicines in contemporary times. This study focused on synthesizing a UiO-67 metal–organic framework using the hydrothermal method. The synthesized framework was then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and zeta potential measurements. The UiO-67 was then employed for the purpose of assessing the efficiency of various adsorption factors in the removal of antiviral medicines from aqueous solutions, including drugs such as ritonavir (RTV) and lopinavir (LPV), which were extensively used for the treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19) during the pandemic. The variables examined were the quantity of adsorbent used, different pH of the solution, temperature, and contact duration. The experimental findings indicate that the highest level of RTV elimination was 91.2% and of experimental adsorption capacity (qe,exp) was 9.7 mg/g and for LPV this was 85.9%, and (qe,exp) 8.9 mg/g, using 50 mg of UiO-67 at a pH 8, temperature of 298 K, and for 120 min. The impact of contact duration and temperature on the kinetics of adsorption was examined by employing pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The experimental results showed a good match with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with value of R2 0.99 and the qe,calc was 9.7 RTV and 8.9 mg/g LPV, which is a good match with qe,exp. Also, based on diffusion kinetic studies, the adsorption was confirmed to be catalytic in nature on the surface of the UiO-67 MOFs. A thermodynamic analysis of adsorption was conducted, whereby calculations for the Gibbs free energy change (∆G), enthalpy change (∆H), and entropy change (∆S) were performed. The positive ∆H values confirm the endothermic nature of the adsorption of RTV and LPV by UiO-67. The ΔG values exhibited negativity across all temperatures, suggesting the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process of RTV and LPV by UiO-67 from an aqueous solution. UiO-67 was shown to be highly effective in extracting RTV and LPV from real environmental samples.

Background Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is a cellular mechanism that degrades mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTCs), preventing the production of truncated, potentially harmful proteins. While its role in viral infections is increasingly recognized, the relationship between NMD-linked mutations in SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 severity remains poorly understood. Objective To investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nonsense mutations predicted to trigger NMD and assess their association with clinical disease severity and viral genomic. Methods We conducted whole-genome sequencing on samples from 129 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A panel of 21 nonsense mutations predicted to activate the NMD pathway was identified and analyzed. Statistical correlations with clinical severity were assessed, including multivariate analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and interdependency analysis of mutation combinations were also performed. Results Five NMD-associated mutations (Variants 5, 6, 7, 9, and 15) showed significant associations with mild disease. These mutations, located in key SARS-CoV-2 genes, include Variant 5 (g.C5575G, T, synonymous substitution in ORF1ab), Variant 6 (g.T5653G, substitution in ORF1ab), Variant 7 (g.G6094GGACAGACTTT/GCCTACACGACGCTAATC, insertion in spike protein), Variant 9 (g.G6446GAATGA, insertion in spike protein), and Variant 15 (g.T10968TATATTGA, insertion in N protein). In the host-adjusted multivariable model, the presence of at least one NMD-inducing mutation was an independent protective factor (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16–0.72, p  = 0.005). However, after adjusting for SARS-CoV-2 lineage, this association was attenuated (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.03–13.84, p  = 0.793). In the lineage-only model, Omicron infection showed higher odds of severe disease compared to Delta (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 0.77–4.77, p  = 0.164). ROC analysis indicated limited predictive value for individual variants (AUC = 0.37–0.48), but specific combinations, such as Variants 5 and 7, markedly reduced severe case incidence (92.9–4.8%, p  = 0.0001). Conclusion NMD-inducing nonsense mutations were associated with reduced COVID-19 severity in host-adjusted analyses, but this effect diminished after accounting for viral lineage, suggesting that variant distribution, particularly Omicron may influence these associations. Integrating viral genomic background with host and clinical data may enhance risk prediction and inform antiviral strategies.

The antibiotic wastes in environment are very dangerous for human being because of the spread of epidemics due to increasing of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria. For reducing the proliferation of these bacteria, an environmental-friendly, cheap and non-toxic adsorbent, chitosan-grafted SiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 , was developed in this study. The chitosan-grafted SiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 (Chi-SiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles were prepared and characterised by different physical and chemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and zeta-potential analysis. The prepared nanoparticles were used for ciprofloxacin (CPX) adsorption from water. The nonlinear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to experimental data. And Langmuir isotherm showed the best fit. The nonlinear pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion model were applied to kinetic data. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. And the rate-limiting step was intraparticle diffusion step. The most suitable eluent for CPX desorption was determined as phosphate buffer solution rather than ethanol, and NaCl solution. It desorbed the 100% of CPX solution in 5 h. Graphical abstract ᅟ

The present work is intended to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) via facile and modern route using aqueous Ziziphus jujuba leaves extract assisted by microwave and explore their photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange anionic dye and methylene blue cationic dye under solar irradiation. The biosynthesized microwave assisted ZnO NPs were characterized and the results showed that ZnO NPs contain hexagonal wurtzite and characterized with a well-defined spherical-like shape with an outstanding band gap (2.70 eV), average particle size of 25 nm and specific surface area of 11.4 m2/g. The photocatalytic degradation of the MO and MB dyes by biosynthesized ZnO NPs under solar irradiation was studied and the results revealed the selective nature of the ZnO NPs for the adsorption and further photocatalytic degradation of the MO dye compared to the MB dye. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation of MO and MB dyes by the ZnO NPs under solar radiation was fitted by the first-order kinetics. Moreover, the photodegradation mechanism proposed that superoxide ions and hydroxyl radicals are the main reactive species.