Explore the vast range of titles available.

BackgroundMR imaging plays a significant role in detection and characterization of different brain diseases. The role of the post-contrast T1-weighted image magnetic resonance imaging (T1W MRI) sequence has been widely established in previous studies and clinical practice. In this study, we aim to share our experience as regards the added value of contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE-FLAIR) sequence in the diagnosis of various intracranial pathological conditions and evaluate its usefulness in comparison with post-contrast T1W images.ResultsBased on the final radiological diagnosis, the total cases were subdivided into three categories, and the majority of our cases were tumors (81.2%), followed by multiple sclerosis (11.8%), and the least was central nervous system infection (7.1%). CE-FLAIR showed superior enhancement in 35 cases (50.7) and equal enhancement in 25 cases (36.3%). However, it showed less enhancement than post-contrast T1W images in 9 cases (13%). Excellent inter-observer agreement (97.65%) was noted. Regarding lesion conspicuity, good delineation was found in the majority of cases (64.7%), fair delineation in 12.9%, and no delineation in 22.4%. A statistically significant difference was found in signal intensity of lesion between pre- and post-contrast FLAIR sequences. Contrast to background ratio was statistically significant in CE FLAIR images in comparison to CE T1 images.ConclusionCE-FLAIR imaging should be used as a routine or adjunctive sequence to CE-T1WI to enhance early detection and increase the diagnostic confidence in MRI examination of different brain pathological conditions.

Background Both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are early neurodevelopmental disorders that present notable diagnostic problems and share clinical features. The current research intends to clarify the sensory profile, visual-evoked potential (VEP), and auditory-evoked potential of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, and typically developing children (TD). We have observed sensory processing problems in 42–88% of children diagnosed with autism and approximately 50% of children diagnosed with ADHD. Results The parents of 37 children diagnosed with ASD, 41 children diagnosed with ADHD, and 43 children who were typically developing completed the short sensory profile (SSP) along with standardized questionnaires used to assess the symptoms and autistic behaviors. We assessed intellectual functioning and evoked potential in all the groups. There were more sensory problems in the ASD and ADHD groups than in the control group ( P  < 0.001); however, autism and ADHD differed in all subscales except unresponsiveness, auditory filtering, and visual/auditory subscales. Also, the ASD group and ADHD group showed a more significant delay in visual-evoked potential VEP than the control group (mean and SD of right eye p100 latency 150.85 ± 48.70 in ASD vs 119.28 ± 18.06 in ADHD vs 103.42 ± 5.19 in typically developing group, left p100 latency 141.09 in ASD ± 32.55 vs 116.51 ± 10.1 in ADHD vs 103.0 ± 5.91 typically developing group). Additionally, the ASD group significantly deviated from norms in the absolute latency of waves I, III, and V, as well as the inter-wave intervals of I–III and III–V in the auditory-evoked potential. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant distinction between the ADHD and the TD groups in terms of left wave III and V latency and left interpeak latency between I–III and III–V. Conclusion Children diagnosed with ASD and ADHD have a greater likelihood than typically developing children to experience sensory processing abnormalities; as a result, we recommend basic assessment, follow-up, and designing the most appropriate intervention.

This study addresses the urgent need for culturally sensitive cognitive assessments in Egypt by validating an adapted version of Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) to the Egyptian context. This version is to be used as a part of the Egyptian Aging Survey (AL-SEHA). We enrolled 300 participants aged 55 + from diverse backgrounds and meticulously adapted the HCAP for Egypt's linguistic and cultural context. Demonstrating strong reliability and validity (sensitivity 87.6%, specificity 89.2%, accuracy 89.7%), the Egyptian HCAP effectively identified cognitive impairment. Integrated into the AL-SEHA, this validated HCAP offers valuable insights on cognitive function decline in Egypt's aging population. Our findings not only contribute to global understanding of cognitive health but also set a precedent for future cross-cultural HCAP validations, informing policies and early diagnosis for dementia care.

INTRODUCTION Dementia is a growing public health challenge in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) like Egypt, where data are scarce. The Egyptian Dementia Network (EDN) registry addresses this gap by capturing epidemiological, clinical, and environmental data across Egypt. METHODS In this multicenter study, 662 participants from six governorates were enrolled using standardized tools. RESULTS The cohort had advanced age (mean 68.3 years), low education (65.9% illiterate), and high comorbidities including hypertension (55%) and diabetes (23%). Alzheimer's disease (62%) and vascular dementia (23%) predominated. Only 24.4% received pharmacological treatment and 2.1% psychosocial support, highlighting care gaps. Household insecticide exposure (20.4%) was notable. DISCUSSION EDN demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a national dementia registry in LMICs, generating baseline insights into demographic, clinical, and environmental risks. In addition, registry‐linked biosamples have enabled pilot multi‑omics and exposome analyses, underscoring its potential as a scalable scientific platform for future dementia research. Highlights Established Egypt's first national, multicenter dementia registry. Aimed to characterize dementia profiles and care gaps across diverse regions. Identified late‐stage diagnosis and limited access to dementia interventions. Uncovered unique environmental risk factors relevant to the Egyptian context. Provides a foundation for policy, research, and improved dementia care in Egypt. Overview of the Egyptian Dementia Network (EDN) registry highlighting multiple centers’ inclusion, cohort demographics, dementia diagnosis, and interventions.

Background. Multiple studies have reported that cannabis administration in multiple sclerosis patients is associated with decreased symptom severity. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of cannabis abuse in multiple sclerosis cases and to evaluate the effect of cannabis on serum cytokines in such cases. Patients and Methods. A total of 150 multiple sclerosis cases along with 150 healthy controls were included during the study period. All cases were subjected to history taking, neurological examination, and routine investigations. Cases were asked about cannabis intake which was confirmed by a urine test. Serum cytokines including IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, IFN-β1, and TNF-α were ordered for all cases and controls. Results. Twenty-eight cases were cannabis abusers (MS/cannabis group, 18.67%). The remaining 122 cases represented the MS group. There was no significant difference between the three groups regarding age, disease duration, or MS type. Male gender was more predominant in the MS/cannabis group, and the number of relapses was significantly lower in the same group. Fifteen cases (53.6%) reported that their symptoms were improved by cannabis. Proinflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in the MS group compared to the MS/cannabis and control groups. Additionally, anti-inflammatory cytokines had significantly lower values in the MS group compared to the MS/cannabis and control groups. Most clinical symptoms were significantly improved in the MS/cannabis group compared to the MS group apart from sexual dysfunction, bladder symptoms, and visual disturbances. Mild side effects of cannabis were also reported. Conclusion. Cannabis may have a positive impact on the cytokine and clinical profiles in cases with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose Studying the effects of epilepsy on sleep and its architecture and sleep on the epilepsy activity using sleep questionnaires, electroencephalogram (EEG), and polysomnogram (PSG) in patients with idiopathic epilepsy. Methods 25 patients with idiopathic epilepsy and 25 healthy controls ( M : F  = 12:13; age: 21.32 ± 4.23 years) underwent assessment with sleep questionnaires, EEG and overnight PSG. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences vs.21 was used for statistical analysis. A ‘ p ’ b 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results There was poor sleep quality in patients compared to controls ( p  = 0.02), while there was no significant difference in Epworth sleepiness scale scores between the groups. There was poor sleep quality in patients with idiopathic epilepsy compared to controls. Conclusion Patients with epilepsy activity had poor sleep quality in comparison to those with controlled disease status. Patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy showed initial insomnia as they had significant increase in sleep onset latency in comparison with other patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.

Dementia poses a significant global health challenge, with increasing impact on individuals and healthcare systems. This study aims to investigate the metabolic profiles of clinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) patients in Egypt, seeking to identify connections between metabolic disruptions and environmental factors. Utilizing serum samples from 61 AD patients and 76 VaD patients compared to 100 healthy controls, the research employed untargeted LC-MS and generalized regression analysis. The findings revealed significant alterations in 59 metabolites in AD patients and 69 in VaD patients, including environmental contaminants. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis indicated distinct metabolic pathways affected in each group, such as amino acid metabolism in AD and purine metabolism in VaD. This research provides insights into the biological pathways and environmental agents linked to dementia, highlighting the need for diverse populations in metabolomic studies to improve prevention and intervention strategies globally.

Absorptive capacity is widely acknowledged as a critical driver of innovation, business development, and self-renewal through the acquisition, transformation, assimilation, and application of knowledge. Despite the importance of the relationship between transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship, there exists a research gap due to the insufficient exploration of the mediating impact of absorptive capacity. This study endeavors to fill the existing research gap by delving into the interplay between transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship, taking absorptive capacity into consideration as a mediating factor. Surveys were collected from 154 middle managers representing a broad range of healthcare institutions in the United Arab Emirates. The study utilized a two-step structural equation modelling approach and provided empirical evidence to support the hypothesis that absorptive capacity mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and corporate entrepreneurship. These findings contribute to the resource-based view theory by demonstrating the effective role of transformational leadership in promoting corporate entrepreneurship through the development of absorptive capacity.

This study presents a compact, flexible U‐shaped wearable antenna with a defected ground structure (DGS) for biomedical applications. Fabricated on a 1 mm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate using conductive adhesive tape, the antenna achieves a wide bandwidth of 1.52–5.38 GHz, covering key ISM bands. The DGS enhances impedance matching and stability, while curvature adaptation to a 46 mm arm diameter ensures practical wearability. Simulations in CST and COMSOL demonstrate robust performance near a multilayer human arm phantom, with specific absorption rate (SAR) values compliant with safety standards (< 2 W/kg). Experimental validation confirms the design’s reliability, making it a promising solution for wireless body area networks (WBANs) and next‐generation biomedical wearables.

This work presents and evaluates the integrating of decoupling networks in MRI systems at 7 Tesla magnetic field strength. The parasitic element is reactive loaded. Four different cases of reactive loads are considered: capacitive load, inductive load, open circuited, and short-circuited loads are considered. The idea behind this technique is to reduce or even eliminate the effect of mutual coupling between the RF coil elements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)system. Two rectangular loops are used to compose a planar phased array. This structure is designed and optimized in CST at the Larmor frequency of 298.3 MHz corresponding to the 7 Tesla MRI system.