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"Salem, Eman"
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Prophet Muhammad : where the story begins
\"Meet a handful of the men and women that helped shape the early life of Prophet Muhammad. In these pages, you will find his mother, Amina bint Wahb; the women that loved and protected him like their very own, Halimah Sa'diyyah and Barakah (Umm Ayman); and his beloved grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, alongside his uncle Abu Talib. This beautifully illustrated book introduces readers to Prophet Muhammad's childhood and to those who helped raise the man that would, by the Will of Allah, lead an entire ummah and be an example for all time.\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Genotype–Phenotype Correlation of TNF-α (−238, rs361525) and Cystatin C for Early Detection of Sepsis-Associated AKI and Its Severity in Critically Ill Neonates
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) represents a significant health problem associated with adverse outcomes. Our study aimed to assess the value of serum cystatin-C (sCysC) and TNF-α (rs361525) in combination for diagnosing S-AKI patients and predicting their adverse outcomes. The study included 100 critically ill neonates and 100 controls. Patients were categorized into an S-AKI group and a non-AKI group. TNF-α (−238, rs361525) genotyping was performed using RT-PCR, and sCysC was assessed using ELISA. Our study showed a fundamental difference in the genotype frequencies of TNF-α (−238, rs361525) and SNP between S-AKI and non-AKI patients. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between cystatin C and TNF-α (−238, rs361525), where cystatin C was higher in patients with AA alleles than in patients with GA and GG alleles. Combining GA + AA genotypes with elevated serum cystatin-C levels can serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for AKI development in this population. The GA/AA genotypes independently predicted S-AKI risk (OR = 6.64, p < 0.001). At the same time, elevated sCysC (>9.4 mg/L) emerged as a sensitive biomarker (AUC = 0.848) and independent predictor of adverse outcomes. Collectively, these findings contribute to the growing field of personalized medicine and represent a strategic advantage, enabling prevention-focused care rather than the treatment of established disease.
Journal Article
Respiratory health disorders associated with occupational exposure to bioaerosols among workers in poultry breeding farms
Working in poultry farms revealed the exposure to chemical and biological emissions (bioaerosols) that might be related to respiratory diseases in the workers and an increased loss in lung function. The current study aimed to determine the respiratory health status among poultry farm workers and to monitor the biological and the environmental conditions at ten poultry farms in Egypt. It reported that the total dust, ammonia (NH
3
), and carbon dioxide (CO
2
) concentrations in the studied poultry farms did not exceed the permissible exposure limits except farm V where NH
3
was slightly exceeded the recommended levels. 35.7% of the poultry farm workers had positive nose and throat culture (bacterial and fungal). The poultry farm workers had higher prevalence of cough, wheeze, and shortness of breath with lower mean values of spirometric measurements than the controls (
P
< 0.05). Also, the positive culture poultry farm workers had significantly higher respiratory manifestations and lower spirometry values than negative culture ones (
P
< 0.05). Therefore, intervention programs for reducing the exposure are amendatory point for the health and safety of poultry farm workers.
Journal Article
The ameliorative effect of kaempferol against CdCl2- mediated renal damage entails activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-kB
This study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of kaempferol against cadmium chloride (CdCl
2
) -induced nephropathy in rats. It also investigated if activation of Nrf2 is a common mechanism of action. Adult male rats ((150 ± 15 g) were divided into 4 groups (
n
= 8/each) as a control (1% DMSO, orally), control + kaempferol (200 mg/kg, orally), CdCl
2
(50 mg/l in drinking water), and CdCl
2
+ kaempferol (200 mg/kg)-treated rats. All treatments were conducted for 8 weeks. Kaempferol significantly attenuated CdCl
2
-induced weight loss, reduction in kidney weights, and the injury in the glomeruli, proximal tubules, and distal tubules in the treated rats. It also significantly lowered serum levels of urea and creatinine, increased urine output and urinary creatinine levels and clearance but reduced urinary levels of albumin urinary albumin exertion (UAER), and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) in these rats. In parallel, kaempferol downregulated renal levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax and unregulated those of Bcl2. In the kidney tissues of the control animals and CdCl
2
rats, kaempferol significantly attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation and significantly boosted levels of manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Also, and in both groups, kaempferol suppressed the nuclear levels of NF-κB p65, downregulated Keap1, and stimulated the nuclear activation and protein levels of Nrf2. In conclusion, kaempferol is a potential therapeutic drug to prevent CdCl
2
-induced nephropathy due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects mediated by suppressing NF- NF-κB p65 and transactivating Nrf2.
Journal Article
Alveolar bone regeneration using sustainable eggshell-derived nano-hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide nanoparticles: an in vivo experimental study
The present study focused on developing nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NHAP) from waste eggshells and assessed its role in bone regeneration after tooth extraction, with and without the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Sixty adult male albino rats were used. The lower first molar was extracted, and the rats were divided into four groups (
n
= 15): Group I, control without treatment; Group II, bone socket loaded with ZnO NPs; Group III, bone socket loaded with NHAP; and Group IV, bone socket treated with both ZnO NPs and NHAP. Animal scarification was performed 4 weeks after extraction, and the results were assessed using histological, histomorphometric, and scanning electron microscopic assessment of bone. Also, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) was performed for all animal groups and subsequently evaluated statistically. After 4 weeks of extraction, Group I exhibited complete healing with remnants of immature bone, while in Groups II and III, mature compact bone filled most of the socket, and cancellous bone occupied small areas. Group IV exhibited complete healing of the extraction socket, which was completely closed by mature bone. The combined use of NHAP derived sustainably from eggshells and laboratory-synthesized ZnO NPs proposes a potential, biocompatible, and economical approach for improving alveolar socket healing. These nanomaterials enhance osteoinduction and antibacterial properties and exemplify a novel application of locally obtained waste and cost-effective synthesis methods, rendering them highly appropriate for clinical utilization in resource-constrained environments, as in developing countries. Thus, dentists can access and benefit from state-of-the-art nanotechnological solutions without financial impediments, as in alveolar ridge preservation and rapid healing after extraction for future implant placement. Treatment modalities with ZnO NPs and NHAP administered separately could accelerate bone socket healing. However, combining ZnO NPs and NHAP resulted in a more rapid improvement of the histological and statistical results. This might be due to the enhancement of the early release of growth factors that increase angiogenesis and regeneration in healing sockets. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate this combination.
Journal Article
Secondhand tobacco smoke, does it have an impact on the neurobehavioral performance of the exposed children?
Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) is a significant public health problem for all ages worldwide. Children are more vulnerable to the health effects of SHS because of the inhalation of more air per body volume compared to adults. The study aimed to assess neurobehavioral performance among SHS exposed Egyptian basic school children (10–12 years) and its relationship with urinary cotinine levels. Multistage cluster sampling was carried out, where 181 children (80 exposed and 101 non-exposed children) were recruited. A questionnaire on SHS exposure was sent to students’ parents/caregivers. Urine samples were taken for assessment of cotinine levels by enzyme immunoassay. A Neurobehavioral test battery was measured. The exposed children had significantly lower performance in tests of attention (PASAT) [5.22 ± 5.10 vs. 6.98 ± 5.87,
p
= 0.035], visuomotor speed (Digit Symbol and Trail making A) [41.40 ± 18.01 vs. 46.53 ± 15.89 and 107.92 ± 44.34 vs. 92.44 ± 37.09; respectively] than non-exposed subjects. The neurobehavioral effects were correlated with urinary cotinine levels among children exposed to SHS compared to unexposed children. The study revealed poor performance in neurobehavioral domains of attention and visuomotor skills among children exposed to SHS. This necessitates the implementation of antismoking media awareness programs on the harmful effects of SHS and how to protect children from it.
Journal Article
Debonding of the orthodontic brackets; is diode laser a safer method? Experimental invitro study
Bracket debonding remains a clinical challenge in orthodontics, particularly when removing ceramic brackets, due to the potential risk of enamel cracks and surface damage. Recently, laser-assisted techniques have been investigated to facilitate safer and less traumatic bracket removal. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 940 nm diode laser irradiation on the debonding process of metallic and ceramic orthodontic brackets by assessing shear bond strength (SBS) and enamel surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Methods
Thirty two extracted human premolars were randomly divided into four experimental groups: Group A (Control–Metallic),Group B (Control–Ceramic),Group C (Laser–Metallic), and Group D (Laser–Ceramic).Brackets were bonded using a light-cured adhesive and subjected to diode laser irradiation at 940 nm, 1 W, for 5 seconds in the laser-treated groups. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and mean values were expressed in MPa. Enamel surface morphology was analyzed using SEM at 80× and 1000× magnifications. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and independent t-tests with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results
Laser-assisted debonding significantly reduced SBS in metallic brackets (mean ± SD: 2.4 ± 0.3 MPa) compared with the control group (4.3 ± 0.4 MPa) (p < 0.05). In contrast, the difference between laser-treated and control ceramic brackets was not statistically significant. SEM observations revealed smoother enamel surfaces and fewer cracks in the laser-treated groups compared with controls.
Conclusions
Diode laser–assisted debonding (940 nm, 1 W) effectively decreases shear bond strength for metallic brackets and minimizes enamel surface alterations, suggesting it is a promising adjunct for safer bracket removal. However, the technique’s effect on ceramic brackets appears limited at this power setting.
Journal Article
Ag Nanoparticles Stabilized on Magnetic Carboxymethyl Lignin: Synthesis, Characterization and its Performance in the N-Acylation Reactions and Investigation of its Antioxidant and Anti-Human Colorectal Cancer Application
This report expresses a sustainable methodology for the in situ synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) adorned carboxymethyl lignin (CML) functionalized Fe
3
O
4
nanocomposite (Fe
3
O
4
@CML/Ag) and its subsequent chemical and biological applications. Structural and physicochemical features of such novel material was evaluated through a number of analytical techniques like FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, ICP and VSM. The nanomaterial was a competent catalyst towards the
N
-acylation of diverse amines using acetic anhydride at solvent-free conditions. The material was isolated by magnet and reused for 8 consecutive times. Furthermore, the material was employed in the biological evaluation of anti-oxidant properties by DPPH method as well as the anticancer studies of against HT-29 and Caco-2 colon cell lines following MTT method. The DPPH assay afforded a significant IC
50
value that suggested the material to have good anticancer properties. Interestingly, % cell viability of the malignant cell lines was found to decrease dose-dependently over Fe
3
O
4
@NaLS/Ag nanocomposite. MTT assay afforded the corresponding IC
50
values to be 395.4 μg/ml and 287.3 μg/ml respectively against the two cell lines. The absorbance rate was evaluated at 545 nm, which represented toxicity on normal cell line (CHO) even up to 2000 μg/mL.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article
Intelligent computing through neural networks for numerical treatment of non-Newtonian wire coating analysis model
In the current study, a modern implementation of intelligent numerical computational solver introduced using the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm based trained neural networks (LMA-TNN) to analyze the wire coating system (WCS) for the elastic-viscous non-Newtonian Eyring–Powell fluid (EPF) with the impacts of Joule heating, magnetic parameter and heat transfer scenarios in the permeable medium. The nonlinear PDEs describing the WCS-EPF are converted into dimensionless nonlinear ODEs containing the heat and viscosity parameters. The reference data for the designed LMA-TNN is produced for various scenarios of WCS-EPF representing with porosity parameter, non-Newtonian parameter, heat transfer parameter and magnetic parameter for the proposed analysis using the state of the art explicit Runge–Kutta technique. The training, validation, and testing operations of LMA-TNN are carried out to obtain the numerical solution of WCS-EPF for various cases and their comparison with the approximate outcomes certifying the reasonable accuracy and precision of LMA-TNN approach. The outcomes of LMA-TNN solver in terms of state transition (ST) index, error-histograms (EH) illustration, mean square error, and regression (R) studies further established the worth for stochastic numerical solution of the WCS-EPF. The strong correlation between the suggested and the reference outcomes indicates the structure’s validity, for all four cases of WCS-EPF, fitting of the precision
10
-
5
to
10
-
9
is also accomplished.
Journal Article
Incidence of Uterine Cesarean Scar Niche After Cesarean Delivery and Assessment of Its Risk Factors
Background and Objectives: A cesarean scar defect (CSD), also referred to as a niche or isthmocele, is often detected incidentally during transvaginal sonography (TVS) and is typically asymptomatic. However, the exact prevalence of symptomatic niches remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of cesarean scar niches and identify potential risk factors in a prospectively gathered cohort of Egyptian women. Materials and Methods: The primary endpoint was to determine the incidence of isthmoceles after six months following a cesarean section (CS) and to investigate any associated symptoms and risk factors. The study included 420 women, divided into three groups: Group A included 140 women who had undergone their first CS, Group B included 140 women with a history of two CSs, and Group C consisted of 140 women with more than two prior CSs. Results: Niches were identified in 23.8% of the participants via TVS. The highest incidence was observed in women with more than two previous CSs (31.2%, 39/125), followed by those with two prior CSs (24.4%, 30/123), and the lowest was among women with one previous CS (16.3%, 22/135). Of the 91 women diagnosed with a CS niche, only 23 (25.27%) reported symptoms—most commonly postmenstrual spotting (7.7%) and dyspareunia (8.8%). Conclusions: The findings indicate that multiple cesarean deliveries, the uterine positioning (as assessed via TVS), a postpartum fever, breastfeeding, low post-cesarean platelet counts, and maternal anemia are contributing factors to the development of cesarean scar niches.
Journal Article