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Mosquito-borne infections have considerable consequences for public health. The mere presence of a single case of vector-borne disease (VBD) introduces a risk to the local community particularly when associated with the compatible vector, host, and suitable environmental factors. Presently, there is no well-established vector control and surveillance programme in Qatar; therefore, the likelihood of VBDs spreading is undetermined. As a result, there is a pressing need to address this gap and enable successful management of VBDs. This study presents the results of three consecutive field surveys conducted between 2017 and 2019 with the aim of defining the types and distribution of mosquitoes that are of public health importance in Qatar. The results of the adult mosquito trappings show that the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus is the most widespread and abundant mosquito species, followed by Cx. perexiguus , both species representing a risk of West Nile virus transmission. All sampling methods show that the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi is widespread including in urbanised areas, suggesting a risk of local malaria transmission. The wetland mosquito Aedes caspius is also widespread, representing a risk of Rift Valley fever virus transmission. The dengue vector Ae. aegypti was not detected and can be considered neither widespread nor abundant, suggesting a minimal risk for local transmission of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Interestingly, the study detected Culiseta longiareolata for the first time in Qatar. Regular field studies are needed to further address the knowledge gaps in terms of distribution, ecology, and biting habits of different mosquito species currently present in Qatar to accurately assess the risk of mosquito-borne diseases. Les maladies transmises par les moustiques posent de considérables risques en santé publique. La simple présence d’un cas de maladie à transmission vectorielle (MTV) introduit un risque pour la communauté locale lorsque associé à un vecteur, un hôte et des facteurs environnementaux compatibles. À ce jour il n’y a pas de programme de surveillance et de contrôle des vecteurs bien établi au Qatar, et de ce fait la probabilité de diffusion de MTV est indéterminée. C’est pourquoi il existe un besoin pressant de combler ce vide et de permettre une gestion effective des MTV. Ce travail présente les résultats de trois études de terrain successives conduites entre 2017 et 2019, dans l’objectif de caractériser les moustiques d’importance en santé publique et leur distribution au Qatar. Les résultats des piégeages d’adultes révèlent que le moustique domestique méridional Culex quinquefasciatus est l’espèce la plus répandue et abondante, suivie de Cx. perexiguus , les deux espèces présentant un risque pour la transmission du virus West Nile. L’ensemble des échantillonnages montrent que le vecteur du paludisme Anopheles stephensi est largement répandu y compris dans les zones urbanisées, ce qui suggère un risque de transmission locale du paludisme. Le moustique des zones humides Aedes caspius est également largement répandu, présentant un risque pour la transmission du virus de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift. Le vecteur de la dengue Ae. aegypti n’a pas été détecté et peut être considéré ni répandu ni abondant, ce qui suggère un risque minimal de transmission locale des virus dengue, chikungunya et Zika. Il est intéressant de noter que cette étude a détecté la présence de Culiseta longiareolata pour la première fois au Qatar. Des études de terrain régulières sont nécessaires pour mieux combler les lacunes de connaissances en termes de distribution, écologie et comportement trophique des différentes espèces de moustiques présentes au Qatar, et d’évaluer plus précisément le risque de maladies transmises par les moustiques. تشكل الأمراض المنقولة بالبعوض خطراً كبيراً على الصحة العامة، لاسيما في المناطق المعرضة لانتشار الأمراض السارية. في دولة قطر لا يوجد حالياً برنامج راسخ لمكافحة ومراقبة ناقلات الأمراض.ولذا هناك حاجة ماسة لسد هذه الفجوة وتمكين إدارة الأمراض المنقولة بالنواقل بنجاح. إن وجود، أو غياب، ناقل أو مسبب للمرض أو حالة مرضية محلية يظل يوحي بالخطر المحتمل للإصابة بالأمراض المنقولة بالنواقل..إن مجرد وجود حالة واحدة من الأمراض المنقولة بالنواقل يهدد المجتمع المحلي ولاسيما إذا ترافقت بوجود ناقل المرض المناسب أو العائل أو الظروف البيئية المناسبة. تستعرض هذه الدراسة نتائج ثلاثة مسوحات ميدانية متتالية أجريت بين عامي 2017 و 2019 بهدف تحديد أنواع وتوزيع البعوض ذي الأهمية الصحية العامة في قطر.قامت هذه الدراسة بتحليل وضع البعوض ذات الأهمية للصحة العامة في قطر خلال ثلاث دورات من الدراسات الاستقصائية الميدانية بين عامي 2017 و2019. وقد بينت النتائج المتحصلة من فخاخ البعوض البالغ أن بعوض المنزل الجنوبي أو البعوض خماسي الخطوط ( Culex quinquefasciatus ) هو أكثر أنواع البعوض انتشاراً ووفرة، يليه بعوض ( Cx. perexiguus )، وكلا النوعين يمثلان خطراً على انتقال فيروس غرب النيل. وتظهر النتائج أيضاً أن ناقل الملاريا أنوفيليس ستيفنسي ( Anopheles stephensi ) منتشر على نطاق واسع بما في ذلك في المناطق الحضرية، مما يشير إلى خطر انتقال الملاريا محلياً. البعوضة الرطبة إيديس كاسبيوس Aedes caspius )) كذلك تظهر أنها ذات انتشار على نطاق واسع، مما يمثل خطر انتقال فيروس حمى الوادي المتصدع. في هذه الدراسة، لم يتم الكشف عن الأيغوني ( Ae. aegypti ) ويمكن بذلك اعتباره ليس وفيراً أو واسع الانتشار، ما يشير لضئالة احتمالية أو خطر للإصابة المحلية بفيروسات الضنك أو الشيكونغونيا أو زيكا. من المثير للاهتمام أن الدراسة رصدت بعوض كوليسيتا لونجياريلاتا Culiseta longiareolata )) لأول مرة في قطر. لابد من إجراء دراسات ميدانية منتظمة لمواصلة معالجة الفجوات المعرفية فيما يتعلق بتوزيع أماكن التكاثر البيئة ومناطق اللدغ المفضلة لدى مختلف أنواع البعوض الموجودة حالياً في قطر من أجل إجراء تقييم اكثر دقة لخطر الإصابة بالأمراض المنقولة عن طريق البعوض.

Metal (III) and (II) coordination compounds of o- phenylenediamine, oxalic acid dihydrate and 8-hydroxyquinoline were synthesized for mixed ligand complexes and characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis and mass spectra, atomic absorption, elemental analysis, electric conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. In addition, thermal behavior (TGA) of the metal complexes (1-6) showed good agreement with the formula suggested from the analytical data. The stoichiometric reaction between the metal (III) and (II) ions with three various ligands in molar ratio at aqueous ethyl alchol for (1:1:1:1) (M: O-PDA: OA: 8-HQ) [where M = Cr+3, Mn+2, Co+2, Ni+2. Cu+2 and Zn+2; O-PDA = O-Phenylenediamine; OA = Oxalic acid and 8-HQ = 8-Hydroxyquinoline]. Resulted in the formation of six - coordinate octahedral geometry was suggested for metal complexes (1-6). The ligands and complexes were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Steptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Psedomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans by the agar well diffusion method. Mostly, the results shown a significant increase in antibacterial and antifungal activity of the metal complexes (1-6) compared to ligands.

From 2011 to 2030, mental health conditions are projected to cost the global economy $16 trillion through lost labor and capital output. The gold standard of psychological interventions, one-on-one therapy, is too costly and too labor-intensive to keep up with the projected growth in demand for mental health services. Therefore, new solutions are needed to improve the efficiency of mental health care delivery and to increase patient self-care. Because 85 percent of the world's population has wireless signal coverage, there is an unprecedented opportunity for mobile technologies to incorporate psychological self-care into people's daily lives and relieve workforce shortages. In this article, we suggest that policy makers look to technology innovators for guidance. For example, Google's principles, called \"Ten Things We Know To Be True,\" are useful for understanding the drivers of success in mobile technologies. For principles such as \"focus on the user and all else will follow,\" we identify examples of how evidence-based mobile mental health technologies could increase patient self-care and reduce the demand for one-on-one psychological intervention.

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the servant leadership behaviors and teachers' job satisfaction in EL Daien secondary schools in Sudan. The research design employed was a descriptive survey with mixed approaches. The sources of data for this study were secondary school teachers and school principals. The main data collection instrument was questionnaires for teachers. In addition, the sample school principals were interviewed. The sample consists of 650 teachers and 10 principals. Teachers were selected using simple random sampling; the school principals were selected using purposive sampling. The questionnaires were given to 284 teachers, and the interviews were given to 8 principals; 284 teachers and 8 principals completed and returned the questionnaires. The mean, standard deviations, an independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation were employed for data analyses. The qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis and interview method. Hence, the study came up with major findings. First, there is a lower level of servant leadership practices in EL Daien secondary schools. Secondly, Strong positive relationship was revealed between servant leadership behaviors of school principals and teachers' job satisfaction and servant leadership was a significant predictor of teacher job satisfaction. Thirdly, there is an average level of a teacher's job satisfaction in EL Daien secondary schools in term of payment. Moreover, the school's principals are recommended that to instate servant leadership and equip themselves and others with the required knowledge and skills, this may also help record better performances and achieve the goal of the schools. In addition, researchers are recommended to conduct longitudinal studies and test long-term correlations and causality between servant leadership and teachers' job satisfaction in Eldaien secondary schools. Consequently, they may come up with better insights and results that can add value to the existing body of knowledge and practices.

The purpose of this study was to examine the challenge of school improvement policy in ElDaein secondary school in Sudan. The sources of data for this study contented from secondary school teachers and school principals. Questionnaire, interview, were the data collection tools employed. The sample consists of 240 teachers and ten principals. Teachers were selected using simple random sampling; the school principals were selected using purposive sampling. Beside pilot tested the tools data were collected from teachers and principals through questionnaire.one-sample t-test, were employed as statistical tools to analyze data. The result of this study indicated that the training of teachers is no adequate. As a result, they have no adequate support on the purposes, of implementation process of the policy. Lack of informed training and limitation of support from local educational government, and shortage of materials and financial resources were the challenge factors that hampered the implementation of school improvement. Thus, to improve the status of the of school improvement policy: professionals should be selected and assigned as leaders at different educational leadership positions; adequate training should be arranged for all teachers; and stakeholders should be encouraged and given equal opportunity to involve in the program implementation. Recommendation as a result, researchers are encouraged to conduct similar research across secondary schools on a national scale in order to produce all-encompassing and superior results. As a result, the remunerations and success stories generated by using three variables may be used as lessons by other schools, allowing them to be scaled up and implemented.

The new hexadentate Schiff base ligand L [4,4‘(3Z,3‘Z)-3,3‘-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1- ylidene))bis(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-yl-3-ylidene)bis(diazene-2,1-diyl)bis(3- aminophenol)] has been synthesized from condensation of 4-(2-amino-4-hydroxy-phenylazo)-1,5- dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one (azo) with ethane-1,2- diamine. Monomeric complexes with the general formula [M(L)]Cl2 wher M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II)and Zn(II) are reported. The structures of new ligand, mode of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes were determined through IR, UV-Vis, and NMR spectral studies, magnetic moment measurements, elemental analysis, metal content, and conductance. These studies revealed octahedral geometries for all complexes. Complex formation studies via molar ratio and continuous variation methods in DMF solution were consistent to those found in the solid complexes with a ratio of (M : L) as (1 : 1). Hyper Chem-6 program has been used to predict structural geometries of compounds in gas phase. The heat of formation (ΔHf î) and binding energy (ΔEb ) at 298 K for the free ligand and its metal complexes was calculated by PM3 method. Biological activity of the ligand and its metal complexes against several organisms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are reported. Compounds exhibited the high effect of activity. This may be attributed to the impact of both the chelate effect of Schiff base ligand and the role of the metal in these complexes.

يهدف البحث إلى بيان أهم الأفكار الاقتصادية عند الجويني، الذي ذكر آراء حول المالية العامة، فتحدث عن الإيرادات والنفقات العامة وحددها، و تعرض لمبدأ التخصيص الذي يقوم على تخصيص نوع من الإيراد لنوع معين من النفقات. وأشار إلى الصفات الضرورية فيمن يقوم على المال العام. وربط الجويني ظاهرة زيادة الإنفاق العام بزيادة النمو السكاني. و حدد الجويني الشروط التي يجوز فيها للإمام فرض الضرائب والاقتراض على بيت المال. وذكر الجويني الوظائف الاقتصادية للدولة ، فأسند إليها مهمة جباية الأموال، وحفظها، وإنفاقها بالطرق المشروعة، بالإضافة إلى مسؤوليتها عن مكافحة الفساد بكافة أشكاله؛ الاقتصادي، والإداري، ومراقبة الأسواق، وتقويم السلع عند الحاجة، ومعاقبة من يغش الناس. وتحدث الجويني عن أهمية اهتمام الدولة بالأمن الداخلي والخارجي، وآثاره الاقتصادية. وأشار إلى أركان الاقتصاد الإسلامي المتمثلة بالملكية بقسميها العامة والخاصة، والحرية الاقتصادية المقيدة، والتكافل الاجتماعي. وذكر الجويني الحاجات الاقتصادية في معرض حديثه عن مقاصد الشريعة، ولاسيما الضروريات.

The study aimed to measure transformational leadership and its impact on organizational creativity and patient safety in hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, This study is a quantitative study that follow the descriptive and analytical approach depending on questionnaire that was Applied on a sample of (251) of workers at hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the study reaches conclusions the most important of which there were a high rating for transformational leadership in hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study also found an association between transformational leadership and the creative behavior of workers and patient safety in hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In light of the results, the research reached recommendations the most important of which that hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Promote transformational leadership to promote the creative behavior of workers and patient safety in hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Study Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the current interior design competencies, design knowledge and skills; as well as, personal skills expected from entry-level interior designers in Kuwait based on the international standards. Study Methodology: A quantitative research approach was used in this study employing a survey questionnaire by both researchers. Online and a paper- based surveys were distributed to professional interior designers and architects in Kuwait. Study Data & Sample: A total of one hundred and eighty-seven (187) responses were collected. Findings: The findings of this study revealed that design competencies, required in the entry-level interior designer, were categorized into three main groups: highly important, important, and less important competencies. Conclusion: The outcome of the study is a list of recommendations and applications to be considered by the departments of interior design in Kuwait when preparing their design curricula to meet local market needs and the American quality teaching standards.