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"Sallam, Mohamed"
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Systematic Review: Land Cover, Meteorological, and Socioeconomic Determinants of Aedes Mosquito Habitat for Risk Mapping
Asian tiger and yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti) are global nuisances and are competent vectors for viruses such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DV), and Zika (ZIKV). This review aims to analyze available spatiotemporal distribution models of Aedes mosquitoes and their influential factors. A combination of five sets of 3–5 keywords were used to retrieve all relevant published models. Five electronic search databases were used: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar through 17 May 2017. We generated a hierarchical decision tree for article selection. We identified 21 relevant published studies that highlight different combinations of methodologies, models and influential factors. Only a few studies adopted a comprehensive approach highlighting the interaction between environmental, socioeconomic, meteorological and topographic systems. The selected articles showed inconsistent findings in terms of number and type of influential factors affecting the distribution of Aedes vectors, which is most likely attributed to: (i) limited availability of high-resolution data for physical variables, (ii) variation in sampling methods; Aedes feeding and oviposition behavior; (iii) data collinearity and statistical distribution of observed data. This review highlights the need and sets the stage for a rigorous multi-system modeling approach to improve our knowledge about Aedes presence/abundance within their flight range in response to the interaction between environmental, socioeconomic, and meteorological systems.
Journal Article
Tripartite degrons confer diversity and specificity on regulated protein degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome system
Specific signals (degrons) regulate protein turnover mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here we systematically analyse known degrons and propose a tripartite model comprising the following: (1) a primary degron (peptide motif) that specifies substrate recognition by cognate E3 ubiquitin ligases, (2) secondary site(s) comprising a single or multiple neighbouring ubiquitinated lysine(s) and (3) a structurally disordered segment that initiates substrate unfolding at the 26S proteasome. Primary degron sequences are conserved among orthologues and occur in structurally disordered regions that undergo E3-induced folding-on-binding. Posttranslational modifications can switch primary degrons into E3-binding-competent states, thereby integrating degradation with signalling pathways. Degradation-linked lysines tend to be located within disordered segments that also initiate substrate degradation by effective proteasomal engagement. Many characterized mutations and alternative isoforms with abrogated degron components are implicated in disease. These effects result from increased protein stability and interactome rewiring. The distributed nature of degrons ensures regulation, specificity and combinatorial control of degradation.
Degrons are determinants within proteins that direct programmed degradation by the ubiquitinproteasome system. Here, the authors propose a three-part degron architecture which contains an E3-ligase recognition motif, a ubiquitination site(s), and a disordered site to initiate degradation.
Journal Article
Energy Efficiency and Industrial Competitiveness: Case Study of the GCC Region Using CS-ARDL and PMG-ARDL Approach
This study examines the relationship between industrial competitiveness and energy efficiency in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, whose economic development has historically relied on energy-intensive industries. With the global economy shifting towards energy-efficient and sustainable production, improving energy efficiency is a key driver of industrial competitiveness. Using panel data analysis over 1990-2024, we establish the impacts of decreases in energy intensity, the use of renewable energy, and policy interventions on industrial performance. Applying a comparative panel autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL), NARDL, PMG-ARDL approaches, our results show that enhanced energy efficiency enhances industrial competitiveness by reducing production costs and increasing productivity. The impact, however, varies by industry, with industries using more energy incurring greater adaptation costs. The research provides useful insights to policy-makers on balancing economic diversification, energy reforms, and industrial sustainability to make the GCC competitive in the international market.
Journal Article
Studying the Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Inflation Rates in Egypt: An ARDL Approach
Reducing inflation is a primary goal of the country's economic policy, as high and sustainable inflation negatively affects economic stability and directly impacts individuals' income and wealth. Inflation also affects a country's trade balance. In addition, high inflation hurts investment and the creation of new employment opportunities. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the dynamic causal relationship between four major economic variables (exchange rate (EX), money supply (M), foreign direct investment (FDI), and balance of trade (BOT) variables) and the inflation rate in Egypt from 1990 to 2022. The main hypothesis of our study is that there are significant effects of the EX, M, FDI, and BOT variables on the inflation rate in Egypt. Since the relationship between these variables is dynamic so the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology was used for testing this hypothesis in the short and long term. The statistical results indicated that the suitable model for the data was ARDL (2,2,2,2,2). Furthermore, the EX, FDI, and BOT variables have a significant negative impact on the inflation rate. At the same time, the money supply is positively and significantly related to long-term inflation. There are significant effects of the lags of EX, M, and FDI variables on inflation. Also, the results of the error correction model for the ARDL (2,2,2,2,2) model indicated that economic adjustments between the five variables occur in the short term (after only about 14 months). The study recommends continuing the policy of exchange rate liberalization while working to expand the production base to increase exports and attract more foreign investments.
Journal Article
Studying the Relationship between CO2 Emissions and Renewable Energy: A Threshold ARDL and NARDL Panel Econometric Analysis
This study examines the dynamic relationship between CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption across a panel of countries from 2000 to 2025. Unlike the conventional approach, we employ both Threshold Autoregressive Distributed Lag (TARDL) and Non-linear ARDL (NARDL) models to account for potential asymmetric and threshold effects in both the short- and long-run relations. Our results reveal substantial nonlinearities, whereby the uptake of renewable energy decreases CO2 emissions more efficiently beyond specific threshold points. Asymmetric emission responses to positive and negative changes in renewable energy are also identified, underscoring the need for policy initiatives tailored to the speed of the energy transition. The findings have important implications for policymakers seeking to attain goals of sustainable energy and combat climate change.
Journal Article
Empirical Analysis of Government Policies and their Impact on Industrial Sustainability in the GCC
This article analyzes the impact of government policies on industrial sustainability in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in consideration of initiatives for economic diversification, environmental protection regulations, and economic incentives. The GCC countries, traditionally hydrocarbon- reliant, have increasingly adopted policies focusing on sustainability as they transition towards a diversified and more sustainable industrial base. Based on panel data analysis from 2000 to 2023, we study the effectiveness of policy interventions, i.e., investment in renewable energy, tax credits, and green laws, in support of sustainable industrial growth. The findings reveal that visionary government policies contribute significantly to enhancing industrial sustainability, though their efficacy varies under different economic and regulatory policies. Additionally, the study highlights the role of financial market development and foreign direct investment (FDI) in promoting green industrial transitions. The study indicates policy recommendations for GCC nations seeking economic development in harmony with sustainability objectives to achieve long-term industrial stability in the face of a transforming global economy.
Journal Article
Ecological Niche Modeling and Land Cover Risk Areas for Rift Valley Fever Vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles in Jazan, Saudi Arabia
The mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles is a prevalent and confirmed Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) vector. This vector, in association with Aedimorphus arabiensis (Patton), was responsible for causing the outbreak of 2000 in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia.
Larval occurrence records and a total of 19 bioclimatic and three topographic layers imported from Worldclim Database were used to predict the larval suitable breeding habitats for this vector in Jazan Province using ArcGIS ver.10 and MaxEnt modeling program. Also, a supervised land cover classification from SPOT5 imagery was developed to assess the land cover distribution within the suitable predicted habitats. Eleven bioclimatic and slope attributes were found to be the significant predictors for this larval suitable breeding habitat. Precipitation and temperature were strong predictors of mosquito distribution. Among six land cover classes, the linear regression model (LM) indicated wet muddy substrate is significantly associated with high-very high suitable predicted habitats (R(2) = 73.7%, P<0.05). Also, LM indicated that total dissolved salts (TDS) was a significant contributor (R(2) = 23.9%, P<0.01) in determining mosquito larval abundance.
This model is a first step in understanding the spatial distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and consequently the risk of RVFV in Saudi Arabia and to assist in planning effective mosquito surveillance and control programs by public health personnel and researchers.
Journal Article
Building a Green Economy: The Role of Sustainable Energy in Saudi Arabia’s Economic Diversification under Vision 2030
Saudi Arabia, long reliant on hydrocarbon revenues, faces mounting pressure to diversify its economy while meeting its climate commitments. This study examines the critical role of sustainable energy in enabling Saudi Arabia’s transition to a green economy under Vision 2030. Using a mixed- methods approach—combining policy analysis, renewable energy project data (2016-2023), and macroeconomic modeling—we assess how investments in solar, wind, and hydrogen contribute to economic diversification, job creation, and reductions in carbon emissions. Results indicate that renewable energy adoption could displace 12-18% of oil-derived electricity by 2030 while adding $15-20 billion annually to non-oil GDP. However, institutional barriers, fossil fuel subsidies, and technological gaps hinder progress. We propose targeted policy reforms, including public-private partnerships (PPPs) and localized supply chains, to accelerate green growth. This research underscores the synergy between energy sustainability and economic resilience, offering actionable insights for Saudi Arabia and other resource-dependent economies.
Journal Article
The Effects of Compound Macroeconomic Variables on Economic Growth, Evidence From North African Countries, Using Pardl and the Pvar Approaches
The empirical economic literature has relied on traditional factors such as capital and labor in explaining the causes of economic growth. However, recently, the studies used new economic concepts based on a wide number of factors expressed in compound indicators (such as index of; digitization, competitiveness, innovation, Economic Complexity, and Macroeconomic instability) to investigate their impacts on economic growth. So, the main objective of this study is to examine the effect of Economic Complexity, Economic Freedom, and Macroeconomic Instability on Economic Growth in the North African region between 1999-2019. The study used the first generation of panel unit root test (IPS, ADF, PP) To identify the individual root in Cross-Section Independence. The unit root result shows that variables GDPg and ECI are stationary at level (0) while variables EFI and MII are stationary at level (1). This study employed the PARDL and the PVAR approaches to investigate the linkages between the studied variables. Then, to clarify the direction of the relationship between the variables, we employ the Dumitrescu-Hurlin approach of causality test appropriate for panel data. The fin-dings reveal a significant long-run cointegration relationship among ECI, EFI, MII, and GDPg at the 5% significance level. Furthermore, the PVAR estimation approaches confirm that; the economic freedom index, macroeconomic instability index, and economic complexity index are significantly and positively associated with GDP growth. The empirical results also proved a critical causality from macroeconomic instability to GDP growth and passing across Economic Complexity and Economic Freedom. In this context, to boost economic growth in North African countries, economic policymakers must work on; Reducing economic instability, increasing levels of economic Complexity, and supporting economic Freedom.
Journal Article