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The objective of this study was to compare the DMFT index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) between diabetic, pre-diabetic, and non-diabetic subjects and to determine whether sociodemographic (including age, education, or socioeconomic status) or health-related factors (such as BMI, smoking, or physical activity) were associated with DMFT levels in people with diabetes. This study is cross-sectional and part of the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study. Demographic information, body mass index (BMI), cigarettes and hookah, alcohol and drug use, co-morbidity diseases, socio-economic status (SES), and DMFT of all 35-70-year-olds were investigated. Classification of diabetes status was done based on the result of the FBS test or self-report of the participant, or the use of hypoglycemic drugs. Out of 10520 people who participated in the study, 2531 people had diabetes, 1837 people had pre-diabetes, and 6152 people were non-diabetics. The average DMFT in diabetic, pre-diabetic, and non-diabetic participants was 16.03, 14.63, and 13.94, respectively, and the differences in DMFT between the three groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The risk for higher DMFT was older patient age, lower educational status, lower BMI, less physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and not brushing. However, drug use is considered a risk factor only for diabetics. In all groups, higher DMFT risk factors included older age, lower education, reduced BMI, less physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and inadequate teeth brushing. Notably, drug use is regarded as a risk factor exclusively among participants with diabetes.

Background and Aim Dental anxiety is a prevalent issue in society, characterized by an uneasy sensation and anticipation of negative experiences in dental settings. In essence, dental anxiety, oral health literacy, and quality of life may have a relationship with each other, however, there is a shortage of evidence examining the interplay between these factors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between dental anxiety and oral health literacy (OHL) with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). Methods This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 155 patients referred to the Department of Oromaxillofacial Diseases. Three questionnaires consisting of dental anxiety scale, oral health impact profile- 14, and oral health literacy adult questionnaire were used to measure anxiety, health literacy, and the quality of life-related to oral health. Scores were recorded and analyzed by IBM SPSS 24 software using independent samples T-test and ANOVA. Besides, the confirmatory modeling through the goodness of fit index of the model was applied. Results This study involved 155 participants, with a mean age of 38.44 ± 14 years. The majority were females, comprising 99 individuals (63.9%). In this study, 89 patients (57.4%) had dental anxiety. The mean OHL score in the examined participants was 9.88 ± 3.97. Both factors of anxiety ( p  < 0.001) and OHL ( p  = 0.012) had a significant effect on the OHRQOL. There was no significant difference in the mean OHRQOL among the three categories of OHL ( p  = 0.085). The confirmatory modeling showed that only the fourth ( p  = 0.065) and fifth ( p  = 0.146) questions of the OHL questionnaire had no significant effect on the total score of OHL. Besides, both factors of anxiety ( p  < 0.001) and OHL ( p  = 0.012) had a significant effect on OHRQOL. With an increase of one unit in anxiety, the OHRQOL score increases by 0.31 and for a one-unit increase in the OHL score, the OHRQOL score decreases by 0.66 units. Conclusion In conclusion, it seems that considering various dimensions of oral and dental health can help patients to have reduced psychological anxiety. Notably, further multicenter studies assessing diverse variables related to dental anxiety, OHL, and OHRQOL, and considering more comprehensive study designs with longitudinal follow-up could help provide insights into how changes in dental anxiety and OHL over time affect OHRQOL.

Studies investigating the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index have yielded contradictory results. Therefore, this study aimed to determine this relationship in the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS) population. This analytical cross-sectional study was part of the PGCS. Demographic, clinical, and oral hygiene information were collected. DMFT scores were specified by clinical examination, and GERD status was determined based on self-reported symptoms and confirmation by a medical specialist. Among 10,520 individuals in the PGCS, 13.2% (95% CI 12.5–13.8%) were diagnosed with GERD. The mean DMFT for the GERD group was 14.41 ± 8.47 and 14.59 ± 8.82 for the non-GERD group, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P  = 0.49). Linear regression analysis showed that older age, lower education and body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, higher wealth score index (WSI), and not tooth brushing were associated with an increased DMFT in the GERD group ( P  < 0.05). Findings indicate no association between GERD and an increased risk of dental caries in PGCS. These results should be interpreted cautiously, and longitudinal studies are needed to understand this relationship. The results demonstrated that tooth brushing exerts a substantial influence on both groups.

Aim ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM) developed by OpenAI, is designed to generate human-like responses through the analysis of textual data. This study aimed to assess the accuracy and diagnostic capability of ChatGPT-4 in answering clinical scenario-based questions regarding oral lesions. Methods The study included 133 multiple-choice questions (MCQs), each consisting of five possible answers, randomly selected from the Clinical Guide to Oral Disease . Two oral medicine specialists reviewed the answers in the book to ensure accuracy. A general dentist categorized the questions into three levels of difficulty, and two oral medicine specialists validated these categorizations. At each level of difficulty, 37 questions were randomly selected. Consequently, the final questionnaire, consisting of a total of 111 questions categorized by difficulty level, was prepared. The process of asking questions began using the ‘’new message’’ command, to minimize potential bias (influence of prior answers), the researchers manually cleared the chat history before presenting each new question. Result ChatGPT-4.0 demonstrated an accuracy rate of 97% for easy questions, 86.5% ± 34.6% for medium-level questions, and 78.4% ± 41.7% for difficult questions, with an overall accuracy rate of 87.4% ± 33.3. Conclusion Although ChatGPT-4.0 demonstrated satisfactory accuracy in answering clinical questions, its responses should not be exclusively relied upon for diagnostic purposes. Instead, the model should be utilized as a complementary tool under the supervision of clinicians in the diagnosis of oral lesions.

Background This study investigated the association between hypertension and oral health status, as measured by the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, using data from the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS). Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 10,520 participants aged 35–70 from Guilan Province, Northern Iran. Blood pressure measurements, oral examinations, and comprehensive data collection on demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors were performed. The DMFT index was used to assess oral health status. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, t-tests, and multiple linear regression. Results The mean DMFT score was significantly higher in hypertensive participants than in non-hypertensive individuals (15.80 vs. 13.62, p  < 0.001). Factors associated with increased DMFT scores in both hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups included older age, lower education levels, lower BMI, not flossing, smoking, alcohol use, and infrequent tooth brushing. In the hypertensive group, urban residency was additionally associated with higher DMFT scores. For non-hypertensive participants, hookah use, not using mouthwash, and lower socioeconomic status were also linked to increased DMFT scores. A significant negative correlation was found between blood triglyceride levels and DMFT scores in individuals with hypertension ( p  = 0.037). Conclusion This study establishes a significant association between hypertension and poor oral health, as evidenced by elevated DMFT scores. The findings highlight the importance of integrated healthcare approaches that consider cardiovascular and oral health.

Introduction Headache is an illness with high prevalence and adverse effects on quality of life. As oral or dental problems such as pain can trigger or aggravate it, we aimed to investigate and compare oral and dental health status in patients affected with chronic headaches and healthy individuals. Methods The present case-control study included 60 patients with chronic headaches (case) and 60 healthy individuals (control) in Rasht, Iran. The demographic characteristics and clinical examinations, including decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMF-T) and community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) indices, as well as bruxism, frequency of tooth brushing and flossing, and maxillary and mandibular tooth wear were recorded in a checklist. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS version 28 at a significance level of 0.05. Results The case group consisted of 25 men (41.7%) and 35 women (58.3%) with an average age of 32.55 ± 6.62 years, while the control group had 27 men (45%) and 33 women (55%) with an average age of 30.95 ± 6.33 years. The study groups were not significantly different in bruxism, frequency of tooth brushing and flossing, DMFT, CPTIN, and maxillary and mandibular tooth wear. Conclusion It seems that chronic headaches do not significantly affect the oral and dental health of the sufferers. Moreover, it appears that these patients are well aware of the role of oral and dental hygiene in triggering or aggravating the episodes of headaches.

In this article published in Cell J, Vol 17, No 1, 2015, on pages 159-162, the authors found that the affiliation of second author in address 2 was missed during the formatting of the paper. Therefore, we corrected it. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience.

Background Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare autoimmune disorder that primarily affects muscles and skin. One of the severe complications associated with JDM is calcinosis, and treating this condition presents significant challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of local injection of infliximab into calcinosis lesions in patients with JDM. Methods In this clinical trial, five patients diagnosed with JDM and calcinosis lesions were enrolled. The primary treatment consisted of weekly infliximab injections for 16 weeks, targeting all four sides of each lesion. Lesion dimensions, including length and width, were documented and monitored weekly. Before the intervention, patients underwent radiographic imaging. After the final injection in week 16, a follow-up radiographic assessment was performed. Data were analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) method. Results The lesions’ size significantly decreased in both length and width during each visit. On average, the lesion length reduced by 2.66%, and the width shrank by 3.32% per visit. Based on radiographic findings, the average length and width of lesions at the initial visit were 12.09 ± 5.05 mm (range: 6.00-25.50 mm) and 6.35 ± 3.00 mm (range: 2.00–16.00 mm), respectively. The average length and width at the last visit were 5.59 ± 7.05 mm (range: 0–23.00 mm) and 3.41 ± 4.05 mm (range: 0–13.00 mm), respectively. No specific side effects related to the treatment were reported. Conclusions The results suggest that the direct administration of infliximab into the calcinosis lesions of patients with JDM could be a safe and effective treatment approach. Trial registration Name of the registry: The effect of infliximab injection into calcinosis lesions on patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), Trial registration number: IRCT20210808052107N1, Registration date: 2022-07-22, URL of trial registry record: https://en.irct.ir/trial/58329 .