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In this study, a pseudo-layered Na super-ionic conductor of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 (NVPF)/C cathode for sodium-ion batteries is prepared successfully using a facile polyol refluxing process without any impurity phases. The X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement results confirm that NVPF possesses tetragonal NASICON-type lattice with a space group of P 42 / mnm . In this preparative method, polyol is utilized as a solvent as well as a carbon source. The presence of nanosized NVPF particles in the carbon network is confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The existence of carbon is analyzed by Raman scattering and elemental analysis. When applied as a Na-storage material in a potential window of 2.0–4.3 V, the electrode exhibits two flat voltage plateaus at 3.7 and 4.2 V with an electrochemically active V 3+ /V 4+ redox couple. In addition, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 /C composite achieved a retention capacity of ~ 88% even after 1,500 cycles at 15 C. Moreover, at high current densities of 30 and 50 C, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 /C cathode retains the specific discharge capacities of 108.4 and 105.9 mAh·g –1 , respectively, revealing the structural stability of the material prepared through a facile polyol refluxing method.

Recently, a novel electrochemical regulation associated with a deposition/dissolution reaction on an electrode surface has been proven to show superiority in large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs). Hence, in the search for high-performance electrodes showcasing these novel regulations, we utilized a low-cost ZnO microsphere electrode to construct aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) that supplied a harvestable and storable charge through electrochemical deposition/dissolution via a reversible manganese oxidation reaction (MOR)/manganese reduction reaction (MRR), respectively, induced by the inherent formation/dissolution of zinc basic sulfate in a mild aqueous electrolyte solution containing 2 M ZnSO4 and 0.2 M MnSO4.

Metal sulfide materials serve as environment-friendly, sustainable, and effective electrode materials for green-energy storage systems. However, their capacity-fading issues related to low electrical conductivity and drastic volume changes during electrochemical cycling have generally limited their application to sodium ion batteries. Here we show that with the combination of an ether-based NaPF 6 /diglyme electrolyte, the dandelion-shaped manganese sulfide electrode displays enhanced reversible capacity, cycle life, and rate capability. The capacity of 340 mAh g −1 is maintained over more than 1000 cycles at a current density of 5.0 A g −1 . Furthermore, discharge capacities of 277 and 230 mAh g −1 at 10 and 20 A g −1 current densities, respectively, are obtained. Our work demonstrates the formation of a protective solid electrolyte interface layer along the surface of the primary seed particle that limits polysulfide dissolution and hence the preservation of the active material during reaction with sodium. Metal sulfide batteries suffer from low electrical conductivity which limits their application in sodium ion batteries. Here, the authors report a manganese sulfide anode in sodium ion batteries with capacity of 340 mAh g −1 maintained over more than 1000 cycles at a current density of 5.0 A g −1 .

Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries (ARZIBs) have gained wide interest in recent years as prospective high power and high energy devices to meet the ever-rising commercial needs for large-scale eco-friendly energy storage applications. The advancement in the development of electrodes, especially cathodes for ARZIB, is faced with hurdles related to the shortage of host materials that support divalent zinc storage. Even the existing materials, mostly based on transition metal compounds, have limitations of poor electrochemical stability, low specific capacity, and hence apparently low specific energies. Herein, NH4V4O10 (NHVO), a layered oxide electrode material with a uniquely mixed morphology of plate and belt-like particles is synthesized by a microwave method utilizing a short reaction time (~0.5 h) for use as a high energy cathode for ARZIB applications. The remarkable electrochemical reversibility of Zn2+/H+ intercalation in this layered electrode contributes to impressive specific capacity (417 mAh g−1 at 0.25 A g−1) and high rate performance (170 mAh g−1 at 6.4 A g−1) with almost 100% Coulombic efficiencies. Further, a very high specific energy of 306 Wh Kg−1 at a specific power of 72 W Kg−1 was achieved by the ARZIB using the present NHVO cathode. The present study thus facilitates the opportunity for developing high energy ARZIB electrodes even under short reaction time to explore potential materials for safe and sustainable green energy storage devices.

Background: The knee dislocation–3 (KD3) injury pattern is the most common form of multiligamentous injury. Medial KD3 (KD3-M) and lateral KD3 (KD3-L) are 2 anatomically different varieties of this injury. Purpose: To compare the surgical outcomes of KD3-M and KD3-L multiligamentous knee injury patterns and to determine the factors that could influence the outcomes after single-stage reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A cohort of 45 patients with multiligamentous knee injuries (31 KD3-M, 14 KD3-L) who were operated on between 2011 and 2015 were compared. The cruciate ligaments were reconstructed, and the collateral ligaments were managed either conservatively or surgically depending on intraoperative laxity, tissue condition, injury site, and chronicity. The mean follow-up was 36 months (range, 24-72 months). The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, knee flexion range of motion (ROM), and laxity on stress radiographs were compared. Various factors likely to influence the outcomes were also analyzed. Results: The mean IKDC score, Lysholm score, and knee flexion ROM for the 45 patients were 74.74, 87.66, and 126.78°, respectively. There was no significant difference between the KD3-M and KD3-L groups in terms of the postoperative IKDC score (P = .768), Lysholm score (P = .689), knee flexion ROM (P = .798), and laxity on stress radiographs (P = .011). Patients with a transient dislocation had better outcomes (76.51, 89.41, and 128.61°, respectively) than those with a frank dislocation (67.62, 80.66, and 119.44°) (P = .037, .007, and .043). The acute group had better outcomes (77.00, 89.51, and 127.86°) when compared with the subacute (66.26, 86.00, and 121.00°) and chronic groups (67.40, 76.40, and 125.00°) (P = .045, .006, and .486). Regression analysis showed the influence of these factors on outcomes. The presence or absence of dislocations, time frame in which surgery was performed, and follow-up duration were found to influence the outcome. All other factors had no bearing on outcomes. Two patients had knee stiffness and underwent arthrolysis. Conclusion: Despite anatomic and biomechanical differences between KD3-M and KD3-L injuries, single-stage management did not produce any significant difference in results. The presence of a frank dislocation, delay in surgery, and duration of follow-up were found to influence outcomes.

Object Tracking is a thirsty region in the field of computer vision. Object tracking algorithms have greater priority because of the availability of highly facilitated computers, good quality and low cost cameras. Various researches are still carried out in this field, but it is nevertheless difficult to overcome a few drawbacks of object tracking. The challenges in object tracking involve occlusion, change of pattern appearance in both the scene and the object, poor images, changes in scene illumination, complex object movements, shape of the object etc. The current tracking algorithms also involve more mathematical complexity too. This research focuses on tracking of volley ball players playing in a test session. The videos are captured using high resolution camera. The video are captured when the players are under test session. The players are at first detected from the video frames using Cuckoo Search algorithm. The shadow that is present in the video frames is removed by segregating the pixel of the object and the pixel of shadow and normalized the RGB values and multiplied with matrix. Later, the value of the threshold is compared with the output and the shadow is segregated with reference to this threshold value. Then, the players are tracked by using three different metaheuristic algorithms such as Firefly, Cuckoo Search and Bat algorithms. The performance of the algorithms was compared against four measuring parameters such as Correct Detected Track, Latency in Track, Track Matching Error and Track Completeness. TMET and TCM are very important parameters among this. The result shows that TMET is less than 10.51 and TCM is maximum 0.85 for Bat algorithm. Thus, Bat algorithm found to be outperforming well in tracking the players from the video frames.

This paper has indicated the high speed data rate multi ultra-low loss core pure silica fibers with maximum potential capacity based on high Raman amplifier bandwidth. Standard single mode fibers and ultra-low loss pure silica core fibers are used as a fiber link. Different laser diode spectral line width is demonstrated. The total fiber per link and per channel capacity is measured through the use of optical Raman amplification. The optical signal per noise ratio is tested per fiber link and per core. The used fiber losses and dispersion are clarified. The repeater spacing is also measured through the use of all optical fiber Raman amplifiers. Overall the fiber system capacity product per link and per channel is clarified. The signal per noise ratios and bit error rates are demonstrated through the receiver system.

This article has clarified high-speed integrated optical transceivers for ultra-high modulation data rates in different optical communication applications. The total APD and PIN photodiode responsitivity performance signature is indicated in relation to temperature variations for various operating wavelengths. APD/PIN photodiode signal per noise ratio is measured versus the operating spectral wavelength at both room thermal effects and at high thermal effects. Various photodiodes quantum efficiency performance signature are clarified against temperature variations for various operating wavelengths. The total APD and PIN photodiodes sensitivity performance signature is demonstrated versus temperature variations for various operating wavelengths. Various light sources are tested with single mode step index/graded index fiber channel and various light detectors.