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"Samir, Mohamed"
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Intelligent Traffic Management System Based on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV)
The present era is marked by rapid improvement and advances in technology. One of the most essential areas that demand improvement is the traffic signal, as it constitutes the core of the traffic system. This demand becomes stringent with the development of Smart Cities. Unfortunately, road traffic is currently controlled by very old traffic signals (tri-color signals) regardless of the relentless effort devoted to developing and improving the traffic flow. These traditional traffic signals have many problems including inefficient time management in road intersections; they are not immune to some environmental conditions, like rain; and they have no means of giving priority to emergency vehicles. New technologies like Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) and Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enable vehicles to communicate with those nearby and with a dedicated infrastructure wirelessly. In this paper, we propose a new traffic management system based on the existing VANET and IoV that is suitable for future traffic systems and Smart Cities. In this paper, we present the architecture of our proposed Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS) and Smart Traffic Signal (STS) controller. We present local traffic management of an intersection based on the demands of future Smart Cities for fairness, reducing commute time, providing reasonable traffic flow, reducing traffic congestion, and giving priority to emergency vehicles. Simulation results showed that the proposed system outperforms the traditional management system and could be a candidate for the traffic management system in future Smart Cities. Our proposed adaptive algorithm not only significantly reduces the average waiting time (delay) but also increases the number of serviced vehicles. Besides, we present the implemented hardware prototype for STS.
Journal Article
A study of fracture mechanics for compact tensile specimen of Al6061-SiC metal matrix composite
The main contribution of the present work is the display of the impact of the addition of SiC into the aluminum alloy Al6061. For this reason, the Mode I stress intensity factor K
I
and T-stress for compact tension CT specimen are evaluated using 3D finite element analysis (FEA). The material used here in the compact tension CT specimen is Al6061-SiC metal matrix composites reinforced with various volume fractions of 4%, 6%, 10%, 12%, and 14% of SiC particles. Three different crack lengths (a/H) ratios of 0.35, 0.43, and 0.5 are considered through the analysis. Only half of the model of the cracked compact tension CT specimen with a subjected load of a magnitude
P
= 603 N is analyzed, and K
I
, T
11
-stress, and T
33
-stress are computed. From the FEA results, it is observed that the K
I
, T
11
-stress, and T
33
-stress are mainly influenced by the volume fractions of reinforced SiC particles. A more significant decrease in the values of K
I
, T
11
-stress, and T
33
-stress is found in the Al6061-14vol.%SiC composite CT specimen. Where FEA results of K
I
for the Al6061-14vol.%SiC composite CT specimen exhibited reduction percentages of 5.4%, 5.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, for (a/H) = 0.35, 0.43, and 0.5, as compared to those of Al6061. FEA values of T
11
-stress for the Al6061-14vol.%SiC composite CT specimen reduced by 5.5%, 5.6%, and 5.7%, respectively, for (a/H) = 0.35, 0.43, and 0.5, respectively, over those of Al6061. Also, the decrement percentages of FEA results of T
33
-stress for the Al6061-14vol.%SiC composite CT specimen over those of Al6061 were found to be 17.1%, 16.6%, and 16.5%, respectively, for (a/H) = 0.35, 0.43, and 0.5, respectively. Overall, fracture mechanics properties are improved by the addition of SiC particulates into the Al6061 alloy.
Journal Article
Safe Driving Distance and Speed for Collision Avoidance in Connected Vehicles
Vehicle tailgating or simply tailgating is a hazardous driving habit. Tailgating occurs when a vehicle moves very close behind another one while not leaving adequate separation distance in case the vehicle in front stops unexpectedly; this separation distance is technically called “Assured Clear Distance Ahead” (ACDA) or Safe Driving Distance. Advancements in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) have made it of tremendous significance to have an intelligent approach for connected vehicles to avoid tailgating; this paper proposes a new Internet of Vehicles (IoV) based technique that enables connected vehicles to determine ACDA or Safe Driving Distance and Safe Driving Speed to avoid a forward collision. The technique assumes two cases: In the first case, the vehicle has Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system, while in the second case, the vehicle has no AEB. Safe Driving Distance and Safe Driving Speed are calculated under several variables. Experimental results show that Safe Driving Distance and Safe Driving Speed depend on several parameters such as weight of the vehicle, tires status, length of the vehicle, speed of the vehicle, type of road (snowy asphalt, wet asphalt, or dry asphalt or icy road) and the weather condition (clear or foggy). The study found that the technique is effective in calculating Safe Driving Distance, thereby resulting in forward collision avoidance by connected vehicles and maximizing road utilization by dynamically enforcing the minimum required safe separating gap as a function of the current values of the affecting parameters, including the speed of the surrounding vehicles, the road condition, and the weather condition.
Journal Article
Editorial: Host response to veterinary infectious diseases: role of coding and non-coding RNAs as biomarkers and disease modulators
[Image Omitted: See PDF] Studies on mRNAs have been exploring wide aspects of the pathobiology of significant viruses such as avian influenza viruses in chickens (4,5) and bovine viral diarrhea in bovines (6), zoonotic parasites such as toxoplasma (7) and cryptosporidium (8), and economically important pathogens that cause mastitis in bovines or caprine (9,10). Both sncRNAs and lncRNAs could fine tune gene expression at the transcriptional stage and posttranscription (11). Since the discovery of the first microRNAs (miRNAs), named as lin4, in 1993 by Lee et al. in C. elegans (12), an obvious growth of miRNA numbers has been evidenced. Another research line has been the RNA interference (RNAi), a phenomenon that involves an interaction between natural or artificially introduced RNAs into the cell to physically bind a target mRNA, thus leading to gene silencing (23). (2020)119:1819–28.10.1007/s00436-020-06677-532399721 8.MirhashemiMENoubaryFChapman-BonofiglioSTziporiSHugginsGSWidmerG.Transcriptome analysis of pig intestinal cell monolayers infected with Cryptosporidium parvum asexual stages.Parasit
Journal Article
Knowledge-based question answering using graph neural networks and contextual language representations
This work introduces a novel question answering (QA) framework that integrates commonsense knowledge from ConceptNet with deep contextual embeddings from BERT using a graph neural network for structured reasoning. For each question–answer pair, the system constructs a relevant subgraph from ConceptNet, which is then processed using Graph Attention Network v2 (GATv2) to capture semantic relationships among concepts. In parallel, BERT encodes the question–answer pair to provide contextual language representations. These two representations are fused into a joint embedding that combines structured knowledge with unstructured text understanding, enabling richer inference. Evaluations on the CommonsenseQA and OpenBookQA datasets show accuracy improvements of 82.3% and 86.21%, respectively, surpassing existing leading methods. These results highlight the effectiveness of combining knowledge graphs with language models for complex QA tasks requiring commonsense reasoning.
Journal Article
Effective adsorption of fluorescent congo red azo dye from aqueous solution by green synthesized nanosphere ZnO/CuO composite using propolis as bee byproduct extract
The indirect dumping of massive volumes of toxic dyes into water has seriously affected the ecosystem. Owing to the many applications of the designed nanomaterials in the manufacturing process, there is a lot of research interest in synthesizing nanomaterials using green processes. In this research, the byproduct of bee was employed to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs) of ZnO, CuO, and biosynthesized ZnO/CuO (BZC) nanocomposite via utilizing a green and simple approach. To validate the effective fabrication of BZC nanocomposite, various characterization measurements were applied. FTIR analysis identified the functional groups in charge of producing nanoparticles and nanocomposites. Moreover, the existence of ZnO and CuO XRD peaks suggests that the nanocomposites were successfully biosynthesized. The high-resolution XPS spectrum of the BZC nanocomposite’s Zn2p3, Cu2p3, and O1s were observed. Our findings indicate the successful engineering of the prepared nanomaterials and BZC nanocomposite. Our findings indicate the successful engineering of the prepared nanomaterials and BZC nanocomposite. For Congo red (CR) fluorescent stain azo dye elimination in water, all adsorption parameters were examined at room temperature. Moreover, the adsorption experiments revealed the removal capacity for uptake CR dye using BZC nanocomposite (90.14 mg g
−1
). Our results show that the BZC nanocomposite exhibited high removal capability for the adsorption of CR dye. The nanosphere adsorbent offered a simple, low-cost, and green approach for water purification and industrial wastewater control.
Journal Article
Role of Primary Use of Mega Stents Alone and Combined with Other Endoscopic Procedures for Early Leak and Stenosis After Bariatric Surgery, Single-Institution Experience
PurposeSurgical therapy for post-bariatric surgery complications is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic options like primarily endoscopically placed fully covered self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) offer significant benefits for the management of leaks and obstructions or stenosis, and even in case of mega stent failure, further endoscopic techniques could resolve the situation.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a single-centre retrospective study on patients with leakage and stenosis/obstruction after bariatric surgery who were managed primarily by SEMS between January 2015 and January 2019. Clinical success rate was evaluated in terms of the cure of the reason for stenting, the need for other interventions, and the presentation of stent-related complications.ResultsThere were 58 patients included, (50 with leak, 8 with stenosis/obstruction following bariatric surgery). Mean time to stent placement was 6.82 (±1.64) days for the leak group and 35 (±21.13) days for the stenosis group (p = 0.019). Successful outcomes with SEMS alone were achieved in 42 (72.41%) patients, while 16 patients had failed SEMS treatment, of whom 14 were successfully managed by endoscopic procedures while two cases needed surgical intervention. Of the SEMS-related complications encountered, 25.86% were ulcers; 24.13%, vomiting; 22.41%, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GerdQ≥8); 18.96%, stent migration; and 5.17%, stent intolerance.ConclusionA mega stent is an effective and safe tool for the early management of post-bariatric surgery leakage and stenosis, and it is associated with acceptable rates of failure that can be managed by further endoscopic techniques in most of the patients.
Journal Article
Resistance patterns, virulence determinants, and biofilm genes of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from fish and fish handlers
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(
P. aeruginosa
) is an opportunistic bacterium that is widely distributed in aquatic environments and causes major economic losses in fish and public health hazards.This study aimed to identify the occurrence of
P. aeruginosa
in samples collected from fish and fish handlers, and to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence determinants, and biofilm genes of
P. aeruginosa
isolates. A total of 276 samples were cross-sectionally collected from Nile tilapia (53), Golden grey mullet (52), Mediterranean horse mackerel (50), Striped red mullet (71), and fish handlers (50) at five different retail fish markets in Damietta Governorate, Egypt.
Pseudomonas
species (spp.) were biochemically identified in 57.9% of the total examined samples.
Peudomonas aeruginosa
were the most prevalent species isolated from the fish and human samples via PCR technique.
Peudomonas aeruginosa
isolates exhibited full resistance (100%) to tobramycin (TOB), gentamicin (CN), and colistin (CL), with a high level of susceptibility (88.5%) to imipenem (IPM) using the disk diffusion method. Most
P. aeruginosa
isolates (84.6%) exhibited drug resistance, with 61.5% were multidrug resistance (MDR) and 23.1% were extensive drug resistance (XDR). Most isolates had at least four virulence-associated genes (
las
B,
tox
A,
exo
U, and
opr
L) and three biofilm genes (
psI
A,
peI
A, and
las
R) by using uniplex PCR. The
las
I, and
rhl
R Quorum Sensing (QS) genes were identified in 84.6% and 61.5% in the examined
P. aeruginosa
isolates, respectively. The highest mortality rate in Nile tilapia experimentally infected with
P. aeruginosa
isolate encoding most of virulent genes. Multivariate analyses revealed high heterogeneity among the examined isolates. This study revealed the emergence of virulent and drug resistant
P. aeruginosa
isolates in fish, poses high risks to consumers and food. Thus, strict hygienic measures should be considered when catching, handling, and storing fish, in addition to the routine application of antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Journal Article
Cardioprotective effect of ghrelin against myocardial infarction-induced left ventricular injury via inhibition of SOCS3 and activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling
The molecular mechanisms through which ghrelin exerts its cardioprotective effects during cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the cardioprotection mechanisms are mediated by modulation of JAK/STAT signaling and what triggers this modulation. Rats were divided into six groups (n = 12/group): control, sham, sham + ghrelin (100 µg/kg, s.c., daily, starting 1 day post-MI), MI, MI+ ghrelin, and MI+ ghrelin+ AG490, a potent JAK2 inhibitor (5 mg/kg, i.p., daily). All treatments were administered for 3 weeks. Administration of ghrelin to MI rats improved left ventricle (LV) architecture and restored cardiac contraction. In remote non-infarcted areas of MI rats, ghrelin reduced cardiac inflammation and lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant enzymatic activity. In addition, independent of the growth factor/insulin growth factor-1 (GF/IGF-1) axis, ghrelin significantly increased the phosphorylation of JAK2 and Tyr702 and Ser727 residues of STAT3 and inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK1 and Tyr701 and Ser727 residues of STAT1, simultaneously increasing the expression of BCL-2 and decreasing in the expression of BAX, cleaved CASP3, and FAS. This effect coincided with decreased expression of SOCS3. All these beneficial effects of ghrelin, except its inhibitory action on IL-6 expression, were partially and significantly abolished by the co-administration of AG490. In conclusion, the cardioprotective effect of ghrelin against MI-induced LV injury is exerted via activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling and inhibition of STAT1 signaling. These effects were independent of the GF/IGF-1 axis and could be partially mediated via inhibition of cardiac IL-6.
Journal Article