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"Sander, Michael"
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Birds of the West Indies
\"This is a compact, easy-to-use bird identification guide for any birdwatcher visiting Jamaica and the islands of the West Indies. It provides comprehensive coverage of 252 species of birds that inhabit the islands of the West Indies, with detailed descriptions and a colour photograph for each species. Includes thumbnail family silhouettes, a regional distribution map, up-to-date tips on the best birding localities, and an index of local bird names\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The efficacy and safety of sunscreen use for the prevention of skin cancer
In Canada, more than 80,000 cases of skin cancer are diagnosed every year. Because exposure to ultraviolet radiation is estimated to be associated with 80%-90% of skin cancers, the use of sunscreen--which blocks ultraviolet radiation--is promoted as an important means of preventing skin cancers, as well as sunburn and skin photoaging. Here, Sander et al discuss evidence related to the effectiveness and harms of sunscreen to help physicians counsel their patients.
Journal Article
Biodegradation of poly(butylene succinate) in soil laboratory incubations assessed by stable carbon isotope labelling
Using biodegradable instead of conventional plastics in agricultural applications promises to help overcome plastic pollution of agricultural soils. However, analytical limitations impede our understanding of plastic biodegradation in soils. Utilizing stable carbon isotope (
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C-)labelled poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), a synthetic polyester, we herein present an analytical approach to continuously quantify PBS mineralization to
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CO
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during soil incubations and, thereafter, to determine non-mineralized PBS-derived
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C remaining in the soil. We demonstrate extensive PBS mineralization (65 % of added
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C) and a closed mass balance on PBS−
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C over 425 days of incubation. Extraction of residual PBS from soils combined with kinetic modeling of the biodegradation data and results from monomer (i.e., butanediol and succinate) mineralization experiments suggest that PBS hydrolytic breakdown controlled the overall PBS biodegradation rate. Beyond PBS biodegradation in soil, the presented methodology is broadly applicable to investigate biodegradation of other biodegradable polymers in various receiving environments.
This study applies stable carbon isotope labelling to study polymer biodegradation in soils. This labelling enables accurate and precise tracking of polymer carbon during biodegradation and, thereby, provides a holistic picture of this process.
Journal Article
Thermodynamic controls on rates of iron oxide reduction by extracellular electron shuttles
Anaerobic microbial respiration in suboxic and anoxic environments often involves particulate ferric iron (oxyhydr-)oxides as terminal electron acceptors. To ensure efficient respiration, a widespread strategy among iron-reducing microorganisms is the use of extracellular electron shuttles (EES) that transfer two electrons from the microbial cell to the iron oxide surface. Yet, a fundamental understanding of how EES–oxide redox thermodynamics affect rates of iron oxide reduction remains elusive. Attempts to rationalize these rates for different EES, solution pH, and iron oxides on the basis of the underlying reaction free energy of the two-electron transfer were unsuccessful. Here, we demonstrate that broadly varying reduction rates determined in this work for different iron oxides and EES at varying solution chemistry as well as previously published data can be reconciled when these rates are instead related to the free energy of the less exergonic (or even endergonic) first of the two electron transfers from the fully, two-electron reduced EES to ferric iron oxide. We show how free energy relationships aid in identifying controls on microbial iron oxide reduction by EES, thereby advancing a more fundamental understanding of anaerobic respiration using iron oxides.
Journal Article
A Multicenter Trial of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning for Heart Surgery
This multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving adults undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass while under propofol anesthesia compared upper-limb remote ischemic preconditioning with a sham intervention. No relevant benefit was observed.
Cardiac surgery is associated with a predictable risk of end-organ ischemic and reperfusion injury. Transient ischemia of nonvital tissue, known as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), is reported to help remote vital organs withstand a subsequent prolonged ischemic event.
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Although proof-of-concept trials suggested that RIPC provides protection against myocardial and kidney injury, as determined by serum cardiac and renal biomarkers, in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery,
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–
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more recent studies failed to show significant differences between the RIPC and control groups with respect to troponin release, inotropic or vasoconstrictor support, renal dysfunction, and lung injury.
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Only a few studies have included . . .
Journal Article
Ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum
A 59-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with a 1-month history of an enlarging, exquisitely painful ulcer on her left calf. She reported that it had occurred secondary to a spider bite; however, the spider had not been seen. She had been assessed by a surgeon, who, suspecting an infection, débrided the wound. However, thereafter, the ulcer enlarged more rapidly. Physical examination showed a deep ulcer (8 × 7 cm), with grey, undermined borders and a necrotic base. Pyoderma gangrenosum was suspected and was ultimately confirmed after 2 biopsies were performed to rule out alternative diagnoses. Ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare inflammatory disease with an incidence of 3...10 cases per million per year.
Journal Article
Acral pityriasis rubra pilaris
A previously healthy 34-year-old woman presented to her family physician with an asymptomatic erythematous rash on her hands that had been present for several weeks. She had elevated levels of alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase, compatible with a diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis. Because the morphology of the lesions was atypical, the patient was referred to a dermatologist. Investigations should include a biopsy and testing for levels of liver enzymes and HIV serology. Acitretin is the first-line treatment, but alternative treatments include topical steroids, phototherapy, methotrexate and tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors.
Journal Article
Plastics can be used more sustainably in agriculture
Plastics have become an integral component in agricultural production as mulch films, nets, storage bins and in many other applications, but their widespread use has led to the accumulation of large quantities in soils. Rational use and reduction, collection, reuse, and innovative recycling are key measures to curb plastic pollution from agriculture. Plastics that cannot be collected after use must be biodegradable in an environmentally benign manner. Harmful plastic additives must be replaced with safer alternatives to reduce toxicity burdens and included in the ongoing negotiations surrounding the United Nations Plastics Treaty. Although full substitution of plastics is currently not possible without increasing the overall environmental footprint and jeopardizing food security, alternatives with smaller environmental impacts should be used and endorsed within a clear socio-economic framework. Better monitoring and reporting, technical innovation, education and training, and social and economic incentives are imperative to promote more sustainable use of plastics in agriculture.
Journal Article
The Advanced Organ Support (ADVOS) hemodialysis system fulfills its intended purpose: Analysis of data from 282 patients from the Registry on Extracorporeal Multiple Organ Support (EMOS)
Several case series have highlighted the ADVOS hemodialysis system's efficacy in eliminating water-soluble and protein-bound substances across diverse patient populations, such as multiorgan failure, acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), acidosis, and even COVID-19. The EMOS-Registry, a non-interventional, multi-center patient registry, amassed real-world evidence, culminating in the largest patient cohort treated with ADVOS to date. This study aims to present and analyze the final performance and safety outcomes from the entire dataset comprising 282 participants. Data spanning from January 18, 2017, to August 31, 2020, were collected from five German hospitals, encompassing subsets of patients with acidosis and ACLF grade 3. Performance and safety were assessed through vital signs, clinical laboratory parameters and blood gas analyses. The SOFA Score-Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) served to evaluate patient outcomes in the absence of a control group. Participants, with a median age of 58 years, predominantly male (64%), exhibited a high requirement for mechanical ventilation (68%) and vasopressors (82%) with a median SOFA Score of 15. Notably, a median of 3 (IQR 2, 5) ADVOS sessions per patient were administered. Following the initial treatment, significant reductions were observed in bilirubin (-1.9 [CI 95% -1.3, -2.5]), creatinine (-0.5 [-0.4, -0.6]), and blood urea nitrogen (-13.1 mg/dL [-10.3, -16.0]) levels. Moreover, there were marked improvements in blood pH (7.34 vs. 7.41, p < 0.001), HCO3- (19.4 vs. 24.6 mmol/l, p < 0.001) and base excess (-5.6 vs. 0.2 mmol/l, p < 0.001). The observed mortality rate (66%) was notably lower than the expected rate based on SOFA Score (84%), resulting in a SMR of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.66-0.93), with a calculated number needed to treat (NNT) of 5.8. This study emphasizes the ADVOS system's efficacy in eliminating water-soluble and protein-bound substances and correcting acid-base imbalances across a diverse cohort with multiorgan failure. However, further validation through randomized controlled trials is warranted to solidify these findings.
DRKS00017068. Registered 29 April 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00017068.
Journal Article