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As the population ages, loss of autonomy is becoming a priority public health issue. “Atout Age Mobility” prevention interventions for seniors aim to limit frailty, which is a predictive and reversible factor in the loss of autonomy and disability. The objective of this study is to describe the impact of these interventions on the physical performance and quality of life of a pilot sample of participants. We conducted a prospective study named 5P PILOT with 3 months of follow up. Subjects were recruited by convenience sampling from participants in the “Atout Age Mobility” workshops at Saint Joseph from 04/09/2017 to 29/01/2019. Retired people over 55 years old with no contraindications to physical activity recruited from participants in the “Atout Age Mobility” workshops in Saint Joseph. Intervention(s) (for clinical trials) or Exposure(s) (for observational studies): All participants completed 12 weeks of physical exercise called the “Atout Age Mobility” workshop, which lasted 60 minutes each week and was supervised by physical activity coaches. Physical performance was assessed by Short physical performance battery (SPPB), 10-m gait speed and grip strength measurement. Quality of life through the SF-36 test. Ninety-six patients were included and 55 (57.3%) completed the study. There was a significant improvement in gait speed (1.35±0.26m/s vs. 1.27±0.24m/s; p=0.008). There was no significant change in SF-36, grip strength dominant arm and SPPB at the 0.01 significance level. The “Atout Ages Mobility” workshops seem to significantly improve gait speed but not other aspects of physical performance or quality of life.

Cet article présente une nouvelle approche de la migration dans les pays en développement fondée sur les enseignements de l'économie institutionnelle. Nous proposons un cadre général d'analyse dans lequel la migration est considérée comme une \"institution\". Cette approche nous semble être plus rigoureuse pour appréhender les dynamiques migratoires locales et se prête mieux à l'exercice prédictif que les analyses traditionnelles. En outre, grâce à un corpus théorique désormais bien étoffé et un nombre important d'études empiriques, il est possible d'examiner un certain nombre de propositions et d'hypothèses qui offrent des perspectives nouvelles à l'étude de la mobilité dans le Tiers-Monde. L'article opère un va-et-vient entre théories du développement et leur application à la migration, ce qui permet de souligner brièvement la nature des innovations dans la théorie économique institutionnelle et leurs conséquences sur une vision globale de la migration dans le Tiers-Monde. Nous examinons plus en détail la mise en place de l'institution migratoire, de ses règles et de son organisation, ainsi que la place prépondérante occupée par les réseaux migratoires dans les mécanismes de mobilité. En fin d'article, on s'intéresse aux dynamiques endogènes et exogènes de la migration à partir de notre perspective. /// This article presents a new approach to migration in developing countries, based on the insights of institutional economics. The general analytical framework adopted treats migration as an \"institution\". This approach is found to be more rigorous for an understanding of local migration dynamics and is better suited for predictive purposes than traditional analyses. In addition, the existence of a substantial body of theory and a wide range of empirical studies means that a number of suggestions and hypotheses can be examined, opening new perspectives for the study of mobility in the Third World. The article juxtaposes theories of development with their application to migration, thereby making it possible to review briefly the nature of innovations in the theory of institutional economics and their implications for an overall view of migration in the Third World. There follows a more detailed examination of the creation of the migration institution and its rules and organization, and of the preponderant role of migration networks in the mechanisms of mobility. The article ends with an examination of migration's endogenous and exogenous dynamics using the perspective adopted here. /// En este artículo presentamos una nueva perspectiva de análisis de las migraciones en los países en desarrollo, basada en teorías de economía institucional. Proponemos un marco general de análisis en el cual la migración se considera una \"institución\". Esta perspectiva ofrece una forma más rigurosa de entender las dinámicas migratorias locales y se presta más a ejercicios de predicción que los análisis tradicionales. Por otra parte, la existencia de unas bases teóricas sólidas y de un número importante de estudios empíricos permiten examinar un cierto número de proposiciones e hipótesis que ofrecen nuevas perspectivas para el estudio de la movilidad en el tercer mundo. En el artículo hacemos un repaso de las teorías del desarrollo y de su aplicación a las migraciones. Este ejercicio permite poner de manifiesto la naturaleza de las innovaciones que la aplicación de la teória económica institucional hace posible y señalar sus consecuencias para una visión global de la migración en el tercer mundo. También analizamos en detalle la creación de la institución migratoria, de sus reglas y de su organización, así como el papel central que juegan las redes migratorias en los mecanismos de movilidad. Para finalizar, nos interesamos a las dinámicas endógenas y exógenas de la migración a partir de nuestra perspectiva.

Résumé Guilmoto Christophe Z., Sandron Frédéric- La dynamique interne des réseaux migratoires dans les pays en développement Cet article présente une nouvelle approche de la migration dans les pays en développement fondée sur les enseignements de l'économie institutionnelle. Nous proposons un cadre général d'analyse dans lequel la migration est considérée comme une « institution ». Cette approche nous semble être plus rigoureuse pour appréhender les dynamiques migratoires locales et se prête mieux à l'exercice prédictif que les analyses traditionnelles. En outre, grâce à un corpus théorique désormais bien étoffé et un nombre important d'études empiriques, il est possible d'examiner un certain nombre de propositions et d'hypothèses qui offrent des perspectives nouvelles à l'étude de la mobilité dans le Tiers-Monde. L'article opère un va-et-vient entre théories du développement et leur application à la migration, ce qui permet de souligner brièvement la nature des innovations dans la théorie économique institutionnelle et leurs conséquences sur une vision globale de la migration dans le Tiers-Monde. Nous examinons plus en détail la mise en place de l'institution migratoire, de ses règles et de son organisation, ainsi que la place prépondérante occupée par les réseaux migratoires dans les mécanismes de mobilité. En fin d'article, on s'intéresse aux dynamiques endogènes et exogènes de la migration à partir de notre perspective.

This study reports the geostatistical analysis of a set of 40 single-station horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) passive seismic survey data collected in the Kathmandu basin (Nepal). The Kathmandu basin is characterized by a heterogeneous sedimentary cover and by a complex geo-structural setting, inducing a high spatial variability of the bedrock depth. Due to the complex geological setting, the interpretation and analysis of soil resonance periods derived from the HVSR surveys is challenging, both from the perspective of bedrock depth estimation as well as of seismic-site effects characterization. To exploit the available information, the HVSR data are analyzed by means of a geostatistical approach. First, the spatial continuity structure of HVSR data is investigated and interpreted taking into consideration the geological setting and available stratigraphic and seismic information. Then, the exploitation of potential auxiliary variables, based on surface morphology and distance from outcropping bedrock, is evaluated. Finally, the mapping of HVSR resonance periods, together with the evaluation of interpolation uncertainty, is obtained by means of kriging with external drift interpolation. This work contributes to the characterization of local seismic response of the Kathmandu basin. The resulting map of soil resonance periods is compatible with the results of preceding studies and it is characterized by a high spatial variability, even in areas with a deep bedrock and long resonance periods.

A small, isolated portion of Marmolada Glacier broke off on 3 July 2022. The detached ice mass had an estimated volume of 70 400 m3 and slid down the slope, killing 11 mountaineers after having traveled for approximately 2.3 km along the northern slope. This event is considered among the deadliest ice avalanches historically recorded in the Alps. The unusually high air temperatures in late spring and early summer of that year led to an excess of meltwater, which, since mid-June, had overpressurized the englacial discharge network, partly blocked due to frozen conditions at its base. Ice temperature, subglacial permafrost and heat exchange from meltwater were among the primary factors controlling the thermal state of the sliding surface. The cause of the collapse was investigated by exploiting a conceptual model that was further corroborated through simplified numerical simulations using the limit equilibrium method. Pre- and post-failure satellite and aerial images, laser mapping, and geophysics and morpho-climatic data were gathered in a comprehensive database and analyzed to better understand the role and interaction of the predisposing and triggering factors as well as their mutual interaction. Particular attention was given to reconstructing the varying conditions of the failure surface, which developed partly along ice foliations near the glacieret's base and partly right at the ice–bedrock interface. An earthquake triggering the failure was excluded based on the processing of the available seismological observations. It transpired that none of the three forces considered in the numerical analysis – namely, hydrostatic pressure in crevasses, hydraulic jacking and basal friction reduction – individually caused the condition of instability. To reach this condition, it was necessary to invoke a combination of these actions, for which it was finally possible to estimate their relative weights.