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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. Although it requires timely detection and intervention, existing continuous performance tests (CPTs) have limited efficacy. Research suggests that eye movement could offer important diagnostic information for ADHD. This study aimed to compare the performance of eye-tracking with that of CPTs, both alone and in combination, and to evaluate the effect of medication on eye movement and CPT outcomes. We recruited participants into an ADHD group and a healthy control group between July 2021 and March 2022 from among children aged 6–10 years (n = 30 per group). The integration of eye-tracking with CPTs produced higher values for the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC, 0.889) compared with using CPTs only (AUC, 0.769) for identifying patients with ADHD. The use of eye-tracking alone showed higher performance compare with the use of CPTs alone (AUC of EYE: 0.856, AUC of CPT: 0.769, p  = 0.029). Follow-up analysis revealed that most eye-tracking and CPT indicators improved significantly after taking an ADHD medication. The use of eye movement scales could be used to differentiate children with ADHD, with the possibility that integrating eye movement scales and CPTs could improve diagnostic precision.

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has increasingly entered psychiatric practice through patient-facing chatbots, self-help tools, and clinician-facing workflow support. Although prior research has examined clinicians' attitudes, readiness, and anticipated use cases, less is known about how frontline encounters with GenAI shape psychiatrists' interpretations and implementation priorities. Health care foresight also remains methodologically underdeveloped and has focused mainly on external signals, overlooking clinically consequential signals emerging from everyday practice. This gap is especially important in psychiatry, where GenAI-related benefits and harms may depend on patient vulnerability, crisis sensitivity, and the therapeutic relationship. This study aims to qualitatively examine how South Korean psychiatrists described clinical experiences with GenAI, how they interpreted its roles and limits in psychiatric care, and what implementation priorities they emphasized. Selected concepts from horizon scanning informed the organization of the analysis by orienting attention to practice-based signals, interpretive patterns, and implementation priorities. In this qualitative descriptive study, directed content analysis and codebook-based thematic synthesis were used to analyze responses to 3 open-ended survey questions administered to members of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. Invitations were distributed through the association's official email system from October 27 to December 26, 2025. The qualitative analysis included respondents who provided an interpretable response to at least 1 item. The questions addressed (1) GenAI-related clinical experiences, (2) perceived advantages and limitations of GenAI relative to human therapists, and (3) priorities for the safe introduction of GenAI into mental health care. An exploratory participant-level cross-question thematic alignment analysis was also conducted to examine recurring adjacent-item pairings across the experience-interpretation-priority sequence. Of 408 total survey respondents, 311 respondents provided a meaningful response to at least 1 open-ended item. Psychiatrists described GenAI as a clinically ambivalent technology whose implications depended on context, intensity of use, and patient vulnerability. Practice-based signals clustered around patient-led use, clinician-led use, GenAI as a relational object, and GenAI-mediated changes in the patient-clinician interface, with high-risk and destabilizing scenarios cutting across these themes. Respondents viewed GenAI as potentially useful as an adjunct, but also as relationally limited and unacceptable as a replacement for human therapists. Implementation priorities centered on governance, crisis and vulnerability safeguards, technical reliability and clinical validation, and education, supervision, and structural readiness. Cross-question analysis suggested recurrent alignments between frontline signals, a view of GenAI as standardized and tireless but relationally thin, and governance- and validation-oriented implementation priorities. In this qualitative descriptive study, GenAI emerged in psychiatric practice as an access tool, a workflow aid, and, at times, a competing interpretive reference point in clinical encounters. The key implementation challenge is therefore not whether psychiatry will encounter GenAI, but how its use should be bounded, supervised, and governed in light of patient vulnerability, psychiatric risk, and the relational demands of care.

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 12,541 employees aged 19–65 across 26 companies and public institutions who underwent workplace mental health screening. Workplace bullying was self-reported and categorized into ‘Not bullied,’ ‘Occasional bullied,’ and ‘Frequently bullied.’ Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, and suicidality was measured via a self-reported questionnaire from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Overall, 18.7% of women and 10.6% of men reported experiencing workplace bullying. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that both the occasionally and frequently bullied were significantly associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.27–1.69; OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.36–2.40) and suicide attempts (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.34–3.85; OR = 4.43, 95% CI = 2.13–9.21). The association between bullying and suicidal ideation was significant for participants with and without depression (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.28–1.69; OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.31–2.62). Men exhibited a stronger association (p for interaction < 0.001). Whether an individual later had depressive symptoms or not, higher exposure to workplace bullying was associated with higher suicidality risk. The study highlights the need for companies to screen for bullying and provide mental health resources to prevent workplace-related suicides.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are well known for their capacity to lower triglyceride levels, but the clinical effectiveness is hindered by limited bioavailability and patient adherence. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel liquid crystalline nanoparticle-based formulation, the innovative medicine and drug delivery (IMD)-Omega soft capsule (cap), designed to optimize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of EPA and DHA. This randomized, open-label, crossover study engages a cohort of 24 healthy adult subjects, utilizing key PK parameters like Cmax, AUC, Tmax, t½, and Ke to conduct a comprehensive evaluation. The trial compares the performance of the IMD-Omega soft cap with the well-established Omacor® soft cap. The IMD-Omega soft cap exhibited an impressive 110% increase in bioavailability for EPA and a remarkable 134% surge for DHA in comparison to the Omacor® soft cap over a span of 72 h. The key success can be attributed to the innovative liquid crystalline nanoparticle design, bolstering the dissolution and permeability of these essential fatty acids. Intriguingly, intra-participant variability for AUC0–72 h and Cmax were calculated at 45.04% and 34.26%, respectively. It is noteworthy that the parameters of Tmax for EPA (≈6.00 h) and DHA (≈5.00 h), t½ for both EPA and DHA ≈ 30–40 h, and Kel around 0.18–0.22 h−1 for EPA and ≈0.008–0.02 h−1 for DHA, displayed comparability between the IMD-Omega and Omacor® formulations. Encouragingly, the IMD-Omega soft cap showed excellent tolerability. The promise of optimized patient compliance and reduced dosages adds further weight to its potential significance.

Objective The aim of this study was to identify work stress associated with the development of suicidal ideation with a focus on gender and age differences among Korean employees. Methods The data of 95 356 healthy employees aged >18 years who had undergone at least two comprehensive health examinations at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Health Screening Center, South Korea, were analyzed. Risk of suicidal ideation was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire examining suicidal ideation during the past year. Work stress was measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine relationship between work stress and suicidal ideation. Considering gender and age differences in the association between work stress and suicidal ideation, the data were stratified by gender and age groups. Results During 289 706 person-years of follow-up, suicide ideation was identified in 3 460 participants. For male workers, high job demands and lack of reward were associated with the risk of suicidal ideation in young adults and midlife decade group. Job insecurity was associated with the risk of suicidal ideation in midlife decade and middle-aged and older adulthood. Organizational injustice was associated with the risk of suicidal ideation in middle-aged and older adulthood. Discomfort in an organizational climate was associated with the development of suicidal ideation in all age groups. For female workers, organizational injustice and discomfort in an organizational climate were associated with the risk of suicidal ideation in early adulthood. Conclusion The results suggested that certain work stressors are risk factors of suicidal ideation. Gender and age differences in components of work stress associated with suicidal ideation were also observed.

Background: Mental health issues among employees are a growing concern globally, particularly in high-stress environments such as Korean workplaces. This study was conducted to analyze the relationships between life stressors and depressive symptoms among Korean employees, focusing on the moderating effects of alcohol consumption and age. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 8432 Korean employees. The participants completed assessments for depressive symptoms, alcohol consumption, and seven major life stressors (workplace stress, family relationships, interpersonal conflicts, health problems, financial strain, traumatic events, and mannerisms). Moderation analyses were performed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro. Results: The severity of depressive symptoms significantly increased with higher levels of alcohol consumptions. The findings indicated that age moderated the relationship between interpersonal conflict stress and depressive symptoms, suggesting that the association between interpersonal stress and depression was weaker among older individuals. Conversely, alcohol consumption moderated the relationship between traumatic event stress and depressive symptoms, suggesting that higher alcohol use intensifies the impact of traumatic stress on depression. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the complex interactions between life stressors, alcohol consumption, and depressive symptoms in Korean employees. The findings highlight the need for age-specific mental health interventions and early intervention for excessive alcohol consumption, especially for individuals experiencing traumatic events.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to identify gender- and age-specific occupational stress associated with depressive symptoms among Korean employees.MethodsData of 73,014 employees aged 18 and above who had undergone comprehensive health examinations at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Health Screening Center, South Korea, in January 2012 and who were followed up until December 2017 were collected, and 63,959 (participation rate: 87.59%, men: 50,413, women: 13,546) were finally analyzed. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. In light of gender and age differences in the association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms, interaction and stratification by gender and age groups were tested.ResultsDuring 238,630 person-years of follow-up, case-level depressive symptoms developed in 4227 participants (an incident rate of 1.8%). There were gender differences in the relationship between job stress and incident depressive symptoms. For men, high job demand, job insecurity, lack of reward, and discomfort in their organizational climate were associated with incident depressive symptoms in all age groups. Insufficient job control was associated with the development of depressive symptoms only in midlife and organizational injustice only in early adulthood. For women, the results for high job demand, organizational injustice, and discomfort in an organizational climate were associated with the onset of depressive symptoms from early adulthood to the midlife decade.ConclusionThe results suggest gender and age differences in the relationship between occupational stress and incident depressive symptoms.

Childhood trauma is a well-established risk factor for adult psychopathology, yet the underlying neuropsychiatric mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study examined whether resilience mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and depressive and anxiety symptoms, and whether this pathway is moderated by harm avoidance (HA). A total of 218 Korean adults (aged 19-50 years; 79 men and 139 women) completed validated measures of childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)-Short Form), harm avoidance (Temperament and Character Inventory-Harm Avoidance subscale), resilience (Brief Resilience Scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). Mediation and moderated mediation models were tested using structural equation modeling, and indirect effects were estimated via bootstrapping with 5000 resamples. Childhood trauma was associated with lower resilience, an effect moderated by HA. Resilience was strongly inversely associated with depression and anxiety. Indirect effects of trauma through resilience were significant for both outcomes, with stronger effects at higher HA. The associations between childhood trauma and both depression and anxiety were mediated by resilience, and this indirect pathway was amplified by HA. These findings suggest a neuropsychiatric mechanism whereby early-life stress and temperament jointly shape effective neural vulnerability, leading to depression- and anxiety-associated outcomes.

Background/Objectives: Long working hours are a recognized risk factor for poor mental health, but their impact may vary across generations. Millennials and Generation Z (MZ generation) have received attention for their distinct values, work–life expectations, and communication styles compared with older cohorts. The present study assessed generational differences (MZ vs. non-MZ) in the association between weekly working hours and depressive and anxiety symptoms among Korean employees. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 11,372 employees (68.0% men; mean age = 36.7 years) who underwent mental health screenings between 2020 and 2022. Participants born on or after 1 January 1980, were classified as belonging to the MZ generation (n = 7538). Symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale (CUXOS). Multiple linear regression models tested the interaction between mean-centered weekly working hours and generation, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Results: Longer working hours were significantly associated with greater depressive (B = 0.080, p < 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.119, p < 0.001) symptom severity. Significant interactions between generation and working hours were observed for both depression (B = 0.140, p < 0.001) and anxiety (B = 0.182, p < 0.001). Generation-stratified models showed that the increase in symptom severity per additional work hour was approximately three-fold higher in the MZ generation than in the non-MZ generation. Conclusions: The mental health burden of long working hours is amplified in the MZ generation. Generation-sensitive workplace health strategies are needed to address this vulnerability.

Purpose Bepotastine besilate, a second-generation antihistamine commonly prescribed to treat allergic rhinitis and urticarial/pruritus, has a short half-life (t 1/2 ) and is currently available as an immediate-release tablet, administered twice daily. The development of a sustained-release bepotastine formulation remains limited. Methods An experimental method was used to develop a sustained-release bepotastine tablet that can be taken once daily. The formulated sustained-release bepotastine tablet was biologically equivalent to the commercially available Talion® taken twice daily. Considering the target formulation characteristics, the in vitro dissolution rates at 1, 3, and 10 h were predicted as critical quality attributes, taking into account the dissolution and bioequivalence profile of Talion®. Results Factors capable of critically impacting the sustained-release pattern were selected by performing a screening study; the X value, which affects the Y value (1, 3, and 10 h dissolution rates), was identified using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl-alcohol, and citric acid. For the three identified independent variables, a design space was derived using the extreme vertices design from among the experimental design mixture methods, optimized within the X values of the derived design space. The optimized formulation employed a direct compression process to minimize time and cost. The dissolution rates at 1, 3, and 10 h were 24.9, 47.4, and 88.8%, respectively, exhibiting an appropriate dissolution profile to induce sustained-release effects in the human body. Conclusion Bepotastine sustained-release tablet, which can be administered once daily, developed by applying the design of experiment method, was biologically equivalent to the Talion® tablet, which is administered twice daily. Therefore, the developed sustained-release technology using two or more hydrophilic polymers can be applied to various pharmaceuticals in the future as a platform to overcome the technical and commercial limitations of sustained-release agents.