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Democratic Education: A Theoretical Review (2006–2017)
This theoretical review examines how democratic education is conceptualized within educational scholarship. Three hundred and seventy-seven articles published in English language peer-reviewed journals between 2006 and 2017 are discursively analyzed. Democratic education functions as a privileged nodal point of different political discourses. Two discourses against (elitist and neoliberal) and six discourses pro democratic education (liberal, deliberative, multiculturalist, participatory, critical, and agonistic) construct its meaning. It is argued that the different versions of democratic education respond to various (a) ontological and epistemological assumptions, (b) normative approaches to democracy, and (c) conceptions of the relationship between education and politics. For educational policy, the review provides a critique of elitist and neoliberal policies and support for participatory decision making across discourses. Recommendations for educational practice are made by identifying pedagogies across democratic education scholarship as well as specific pedagogies for each discourse.
Journal Article
كما في القاموس : رواية
كانوا ثلاثة، أنجلو ونيكي وصديقتهما ابنة الجيران، كان اسمها مارييلا، أو ربما أنتونيلا، كانت شقية مثلما أو ربما تفوقهما شقاوة، ومستعدة دائما لمشاركتهما في كل ما يفعلانه. كانت تجاري نيكي وتنفذ كل ما يقوله أنجلو، كانت منجذبة بقوة إلى نيكي كما يفعل عادة الأولاد الصغار، كانت معجبة به ومهتمة بكل ما يقـوله أو يفعله، وتلاحظ كيـف كان يتغير عندما يلتفت إلى أخيه الكبير. ترى أين انتهى المطاف بمارييلا أو أنتونيلا ؟\"
Book
Iron deficiency
Iron deficiency is one of the leading contributors to the global burden of disease, and particularly affects children, premenopausal women, and people in low-income and middle-income countries. Anaemia is one of many consequences of iron deficiency, and clinical and functional impairments can occur in the absence of anaemia. Iron deprivation from erythroblasts and other tissues occurs when total body stores of iron are low or when inflammation causes withholding of iron from the plasma, particularly through the action of hepcidin, the main regulator of systemic iron homoeostasis. Oral iron therapy is the first line of treatment in most cases. Hepcidin upregulation by oral iron supplementation limits the absorption efficiency of high-dose oral iron supplementation, and of oral iron during inflammation. Modern parenteral iron formulations have substantially altered iron treatment and enable rapid, safe total-dose iron replacement. An underlying cause should be sought in all patients presenting with iron deficiency: screening for coeliac disease should be considered routinely, and endoscopic investigation to exclude bleeding gastrointestinal lesions is warranted in men and postmenopausal women presenting with iron deficiency anaemia. Iron supplementation programmes in low-income countries comprise part of the solution to meeting WHO Global Nutrition Targets.
Journal Article
Interplay of somatic alterations and immune infiltration modulates response to PD-1 blockade in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma
PD-1 blockade has transformed the management of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but the drivers and resistors of the PD-1 response remain incompletely elucidated. Here, we analyzed 592 tumors from patients with advanced ccRCC enrolled in prospective clinical trials of treatment with PD-1 blockade by whole-exome and RNA sequencing, integrated with immunofluorescence analysis, to uncover the immunogenomic determinants of the therapeutic response. Although conventional genomic markers (such as tumor mutation burden and neoantigen load) and the degree of CD8
+
T cell infiltration were not associated with clinical response, we discovered numerous chromosomal alterations associated with response or resistance to PD-1 blockade. These advanced ccRCC tumors were highly CD8
+
T cell infiltrated, with only 27% having a non-infiltrated phenotype. Our analysis revealed that infiltrated tumors are depleted of favorable
PBRM1
mutations and enriched for unfavorable chromosomal losses of 9p21.3, as compared with non-infiltrated tumors, demonstrating how the potential interplay of immunophenotypes with somatic alterations impacts therapeutic efficacy.
A pooled genetic, transcriptomic and immunopathologic analysis of over 500 tumors from patients with advanced renal cell cancer suggests that response to PD-1 blockade depends on both CD8
+
T cell infiltration and enrichment of tumor-intrinsic somatic alterations.
Journal Article
Jien-noti-jien : (stejjer u ħsejjes)
\"Ktieb dwar ħsejjes u stejjer li nkiteb b'kumbinazzjoni, għalkemm għandu storja kemmxejn insolita.\"
Book
Diagnostic performance of imaging for the detection of peritoneal metastases: a meta-analysis
PurposeDetection of peritoneal metastases (PM) is key in the staging and management of gastrointestinal and ovarian cancer patients. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the diagnostic performance of CT, PET(CT), and (DW)MRI in detecting PM.MethodsA literature search in Pubmed, Embase (Ovid), and Scopus was performed (January 1997–May 2018) to identify studies reporting on the accuracy of imaging PM in the diagnostic workup of gastrointestinal or ovarian cancers. Inclusion criteria were region-based or patient-based studies comprising > 15 patients, surgery/histology/radiological follow-up as a reference standard, and sufficient data to construct a 2 × 2 contingency table. Two observers performed data extraction. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model and hierarchical summary operating curves (HSROC) were generated.ResultsOf 3457 citations retrieved, twenty-four articles met all inclusion criteria. Thirty-seven datasets could be extracted for analysis including 20 for CT, 10 for PET(CT), and 7 for (DW)MRI. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR for the detection of PM for region-based studies for CT were 68% (CI, 46–84%), 88%(CI, 81–93%), and 15.9 (CI, 4.4–58.0) respectively; 80% (CI, 57–92%), 90% (CI, 80–96%), and 36.5 (CI, 6.7–199.5) for PET(CT), respectively; 92% (CI, 84–96%), 85% (CI, 78–91%), 63.3 (CI, 31.5–127.3) for (DW)MRI. In the patient-based group, not enough studies were included to make a pooled analysis for (DW)MRI and PET(CT).Conclusion(DW)MRI and PET(CT) showed comparable diagnostic performance for the detection of peritoneal metastases in ovarian and gastrointestinal cancer patients. Since MRI is more widely available than PET(CT) in clinical practice, this potentially is the imaging method of choice in most centers in the future.Key Points• Detection of peritoneal metastases plays an important role in the accurate staging of cancer patients, however, there is no accepted reference standard for the imaging of peritoneal metastases• This meta-analysis shows that (DW)MRI provided the highest sensitivity for the detection of peritoneal metastases in ovarian and gastrointestinal cancer patients• Although (DW)MRI and PET(CT) show a comparable overall diagnostic performance, (DW)MRI seems to be the imaging method of choice since it is more available in daily practice than PET(CT).
Journal Article
Is the medical curriculum failing patients with obesity? - A public health concern
Conference Proceeding