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Nurses play a very important role in the organ donation and transplant team; therefore, they need to be qualified and trained for various tasks, including donor identification, notification to the intra-hospital donation coordination team, donor monitoring and maintenance. In Brazil, researchers highlight theimportance of nurses for the success of the organ donation process, but also identify several discrepancies in terms of knowledge and feelings that arisein the care of POD(8,9). [...]they consider it more important to care for those with a life prognosis, neglecting the necessary care for POD maintenance(9). In South Korea, in a survey conducted with nursing students, 85.1% reported not having received any training on organ donation in BD; 68% were willing to donate theirorgansifthey had BD; and 39.5% were willing to donate the organs of family members under these conditions(12). Study design, period and location This is a study of methodological approach and technological production, which corresponded to the validity, by health experts (nurses) and web designers, of a website called EMPDO website.

Fish serves as the principal source of animal protein for the indigenous people of the Amazon, ensuring their food and nutritional security. However, gold mining causes mercury (Hg) contamination in fish, and consequently increases health risks associated with fish consumption. The aim of this study was to assess the health risk attributed to the consumption of mercury-contaminated fish by Munduruku indigenous communities in the Middle-Tapajós Region. Different fish species were collected in the Sawré Muybu Indigenous Land to determine mercury levels. The health risk assessment was carried out according to the World Health Organization (WHO 2008) methodology and different scenarios were built for counterfactual analysis. Eighty-eight fish specimens from 17 species and four trophic levels were analyzed. Estimates of Hg ingestion indicated that the methylmercury daily intake exceeds the U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (2000) reference dose from 3 to 25-fold, and up to 11 times the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)/WHO (2003) dose recommendation. In all situations analyzed, the risk ratio estimates were above 1.0, meaning that the investigated Munduruku communities are at serious risk of harm as a result of ingestion of mercury-contaminated fish. These results indicate that, at present, fish consumption is not safe for this Munduruku population. This hazardous situation threatens the survival of this indigenous population, their food security, and their culture.

The Amazonian indigenous peoples depend on natural resources to live, but human activities’ growing impacts threaten their health and livelihoods. Our objectives were to present the principal results of an integrated and multidisciplinary analysis of the health parameters and assess the mercury (Hg) exposure levels in indigenous populations in the Brazilian Amazon. We carried out a cross-sectional study based on a census of three Munduruku indigenous villages (Sawré Muybu, Poxo Muybu, and Sawré Aboy), located in the Sawré Muybu Indigenous Land, between 29 October and 9 November 2019. The investigation included: (i) sociodemographic characterization of the participants; (ii) health assessment; (iii) genetic polymorphism analysis; (iv) hair mercury determination; and (v) fish mercury determination. We used the logistic regression model with conditional Prevalence Ratio (PR), with the respective 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) to explore factors associated with mercury exposure levels ≥6.0 µg/g. A total of 200 participants were interviewed. Mercury levels (197 hair samples) ranged from 1.4 to 23.9 μg/g, with significant differences between the villages (Kruskal–Wallis test: 19.9; p-value < 0.001). On average, the general prevalence of Hg exposure ≥ 6.0 µg/g was 57.9%. For participants ≥12 years old, the Hg exposure ≥6.0 µg/g showed associated with no regular income (PR: 1.3; CI95%: 1.0–1.8), high blood pressure (PR: 1.6; CI95%: 1.3–2.1) and was more prominent in Sawré Aboy village (PR: 1.8; CI95%: 1.3–2.3). For women of childbearing age, the Hg exposure ≥6.0 µg/g was associated with high blood pressure (PR: 1.9; CI95%: 1.2–2.3), with pregnancy (PR: 1.5; CI95%: 1.0–2.1) and was more prominent among residents in Poxo Muybu (PR: 1.9; CI95%: 1.0–3.4) and Sawré Aboy (PR: 2.5; CI95%: 1.4–4.4) villages. Our findings suggest that chronic mercury exposure causes harmful effects to the studied indigenous communities, especially considering vulnerable groups of the population, such as women of childbearing age. Lastly, we propose to stop the illegal mining in these areas and develop a risk management plan that aims to ensure the health, livelihoods, and human rights of the indigenous people from Amazon Basin.

The abundance of reef builders, non-builders and the calcium carbonate produced by communities established in Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) were determined in three Abrolhos Bank shallow reefs during the period from 2012 to 2014. In addition, the seawater temperature, the irradiance, and the amount and composition of the sediments were determined. The inner and outer reef arcs were compared. CAUs located on the inner reef shelf were under the influence of terrigenous sediments. On the outer reefs, the sediments were composed primarily of marine biogenic carbonates. The mean carbonate production in shallow reefs of Abrolhos was 579 ± 98 g m-2 y-1. The builder community was dominated by crustose coralline algae, while the non-builder community was dominated by turf. A marine heat wave was detected during the summer of 2013-2014, and the number of consecutive days with a temperature above or below the summer mean was positively correlated with the turf cover increase. The mean carbonate production of the shallow reefs of Abrolhos Bank was greater than the estimated carbonate production measured for artificial structures on several other shallow reefs of the world. The calcimass was higher than the non-calcareous mass, suggesting that the Abrolhos reefs are still in a positive carbonate production balance. Given that marine heat waves produce an increase of turf cover on the shallow reefs of the Abrolhos, a decrease in the cover represented by reef builders and shifting carbonate production are expected in the near future.

Background/Objectives: The consumption of diets with high fat, salt, and sugar content has been associated with increasing the risk of developing a range of pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. Furthermore, there is growing evidence to suggest a relationship between variation in the nutritional environment and pancreatic dysregulation, which may be a consequence of oxidative stress. This study aimed to examine the effects of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate (obesogenic) maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on the metabolic health and pancreatic structure of rat offspring. Methods: Pregnant rats were divided into two groups: one fed a standard diet and the other an obesogenic diet. After weaning, male pups from both groups were fed the same diet until they were 30 days old, which is when they were euthanized. Results: Metabolic and murinometric changes: Increased body weight and pancreas size, elevated blood glucose and cholesterol levels, and reduced glucose tolerance (which is indicative of the beginning of insulin resistance). Oxidative stress: Higher levels of oxidative damage markers and decreased antioxidants in the pancreas, suggesting a state of oxidative stress in this organ. Changes in pancreatic structure: Increased size and number of pancreatic islets and decreased size and number of pancreatic acini. Conclusions: A maternal obesogenic diet induces metabolic alterations, increases oxidative stress, and causes changes in the structure of the pancreas in rat offspring, suggesting a higher risk of developing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes in adulthood.

Background/Objectives: Diets high in simple carbohydrates and saturated fats, commonly consumed in Westernized countries, have been linked to a greater predisposition to metabolic disorders, which are partly attributed to oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an obesogenic diet consumed during the pregnancy and lactation periods on hepatic metabolism and REDOX balance in rats. Methods: Sixteen pregnant Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control (CD), which received a vivarium diet, and obesogenic (OD), which received an obesogenic diet (high-fat diet plus condensed milk), from early pregnancy to late lactation. Thirty-six hours after weaning, the rats were euthanized, and blood, adipose tissue, and liver samples were collected for analysis. Results: These results demonstrate that exposure to an obesogenic diet during pregnancy and lactation in rats leads to adverse changes in hepatic metabolic, inflammatory, and REDOX balance. This experimental animal model serves as a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction associated with diets that mimic human eating habits. However, it is essential to note that these findings pertain to an experimental model and therefore require validation in clinical studies to confirm their relevance and applicability in human health. Conclusions: The consumption of an obesogenic diet during pregnancy and lactation in rats induces adverse alterations in hepatic metabolic, inflammatory, and redox homeostasis. This animal model helps investigate the mechanisms of metabolic dysfunctions associated with human dietary habits. However, these findings still need to be confirmed in clinical studies to verify their relevance in humans.

Este trabalho consiste em uma caracterização preliminar dos impactos ambientais ocasionados disposição de resíduos sólidos provenientes de diversas atividades relacionadas à operação do Porto de Santos, Estado de São Paulo, numa área utilizada como aterro industrial e doméstico. Trata-se de um manguezal que possui aproximadamente 500 000 m2 que foi utilizada, por mais de 80 anos, e que foi totalmente modificada com remoção de grande parte da cobertura vegetal original, alteração da geologia e drenagem natural da área. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contaminação por metais pesados em solos e águas, tendo sido detectadas elevadas concentrações de Pb, Ni , Cu e Zn. As caracterizações efetuadas neste trabalho, como análises químicas de materiais sólidos e líquidos, análises granulométricas, texturais e mineralógicas, permitirão definir mecanismos de mobilidade iônica associados pela degradação do manguezal. Estes estudos poderão ser estendidos para compreensão destes fenômenos em outras áreas com características semelhantes.

Caracterização hidroquímica preliminar dos Aquíferos Tubarão, Cristalino e do Manto de Intemperismo foi realizada em duas áreas-alvo que abrangem micro-bacias na porção centro-oeste do Município de Salto (SP), estendendo-se do Rio Tietê à porção sul do Município de Indaiatuba (SP). Foram identificados poços tubulares com águas salobras e elevadas concentrações de fluoreto e sólidos totais dissolvidos que constituem restrição ao uso das águas. As fontes destas anomalias podem estar associadas à hidrólise de feldspatos de rochas graníticas e à percolação de fluidos hidrotermais através de fraturas. Contudo, a discussão sobre suas origens depende de estudos aprofundados envolvendo pesquisa geoquímica e estrutural da região. Estes estudos conduzirão ao melhor aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, em termos de definição mais segura de áreas potenciais ou de restrição para explotação das águas subterrâneas.

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em área que comporta três aterros domésticos onde se constatou que os sistemas água subterrânea, sedimento de fundo e solo encontram-se seriamente comprometidos por íons chumbo, especialmente por fontes oriundas aos aterros. Em alguns pontos amostrados, os resultados analíticos da água subterrânea, chegaram a ser quatro vezes superiores aos permitidos pelos órgãos oficiais. O solo, pelos seus atributos desfavoráveis para retenção do chumbo, é, desta forma, mais um fator de risco a colaborar para o comprometimento ambiental da área. As análises obtidas por Difração de Raios X mostram predominância de caulinita, gibbsita e illita que, associados aos baixos valores de capacidade de troca catiônica também não se mostra apto a adsorver íons metálicos.

Dentre os metais pesados existem aqueles classificados como essenciais (macro e micronutrientes), contudo, são considerados tóxicos e perigosos à população e ao meio ambiente quando em concentrações relativamente elevadas. A destinação de resíduos sólidos gerados pelo tratamento de efluentes das atividades industriais traz, em geral, grandes problemas relacionados ao meio ambiente. De interesse para este trabalho, destacam-se as indústrias galvanoplásticas que geram resíduos tóxicos com elevadas concentrações de metais pesados. Em uma área industrial, onde foi desenvolvido este projeto, até pouco tempo, os resíduos eram descartados próximo ao Rio Aricanduva, afluente do Rio Tietê na Cidade de São Paulo. Análises de amostras de solos e águas subterrâneas detectaram elevados teores de metais pesados, em especial, Zn e Pb. Foram determinados seus efeitos no meio ambiente, bem como os mecanismos de fixação e mobilidade, cujos resultados, certamente servirão como subsídios para desenvolvimento de metodologia de mitigação e reutilização dos metais em concentrações mais elevadas.