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The neurocognitive trajectory in bipolar disorder (BD) is variable, with controversial findings, and most evidence come from cross-sectional studies. We aimed to examine the course of neurocognitive functioning in a sample of euthymic BD patients in comparison with a control group during a 5-year follow-up. Ninety-nine euthymic bipolar patients and 40 healthy controls were assessed using a comprehensive neurocognitive battery (six neurocognitive domains) at baseline (T1) and then at 5-year follow-up (T2) in a longitudinal study. No evidence of a progression in neurocognitive dysfunction was found either in cognitive composite index or in any of the neurocognitive domains for the whole cohort. However, there was a negative correlation between number of manic episodes and hospitalisations due to manic episodes and change in neurocognitive composite index (NCI) during the follow-up. Moreover, patients with higher number of manic and hypomanic episodes have a greater decrease in NCI, working memory and visual memory. History of psychotic symptoms was not related to the trajectory of neurocognitive impairment. Our results suggest that, although the progression of cognitive decline is not a general rule in BD, BD patients who have a greater number of manic or hypomanic episodes may constitute a subgroup characterised by the progression of neurocognitive impairment. Prevention of manic and hypomanic episodes could have a positive impact on the trajectory of cognitive function.

In this work we focus on the development of a numerical algorithm for the inverse elastography problem. The goal is to perform an efficient material parameter identification knowing the elastic displacement field induced by a mechanical load. We propose to define the inverse problem through a quadratic optimization program which uses the direct problem formulation to define the objective function. In this way, we end up with a convex minimization problem which attains its minimum at the solution of a linear system. The effectiveness of our method is illustrated through numeral examples.

ABSTRACT Objective: To demonstrate in the national and international literature the concept and typologies of entrepreneurship in Nursing. Method: Integrative review in six databases, with the descriptors entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial, entrepreneurialism, intrapreneurial, iniciativa empresarial, contrato de risco, nursing, nurse, nurses, enfermagem and enfermeira, making a final sample of 31 articles. Results: The concept of entrepreneurship in Nursing is related to personal and professional characteristics, such as autonomy, independence, flexibility, innovation, proactivity, self-confidence and responsibility. The typologies found were: social and business entrepreneurship, and intrapreneurship. Social entrepreneurship is a mechanism of social mobilization and transformation, entrepreneurship is one in which nurses are autonomous professionally and intrapreneurship relates to corporate entrepreneurs. Conclusion: Entrepreneurship can increase the visibility of the profession and foster the creation of new spaces for nurses. RESUMO Objetivo: Evidenciar na literatura nacional e internacional o conceito e as tipologias de empreendedorismo na Enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa em seis bases de dados, com os descritores entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial, entrepreneurialism, intrapreneurial, iniciativa empresarial, contrato de risco, nursing, nurse, nurses, enfermagem e enfermeira, perfazendo uma amostra final de 31 artigos. Resultados: O conceito de empreendedorismo na Enfermagem está relacionando a características pessoais e profissionais, como autonomia, independência, flexibilidade, inovação, pró-atividade, autoconfiança e responsabilidade. As tipologias encontradas foram: empreendedorismo social, empresarial e intraempreendedorismo. O empreendedorismo social é um mecanismo de mobilização e transformação social, empreendedorismo empresarial é aquele no qual enfermeiros são autônomos profissionalmente e o intraempreendedorismo relaciona-se a empreendedores empregados coorporativos. Conclusão: O empreendedorismo pode ampliar a visibilidade da profissão e fomentar a criação de novos espaços de atuação para o enfermeiro. RESUMEN Objetivo: Evidenciar en la literatura nacional e internacional el concepto y las tipologías de emprendedorismo en la enfermería. Método: La revisión integrativa en seis bases de datos, con los descriptores entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial, entrepreneurialism, intrapreneurial, iniciativa empresarial, contrato de risco, nursing, nurse, nurses, enfermagem y enfermeira, con una muestra final de 31 artículos. Resultados: El concepto de emprendedorismo en la enfermería está relacionando a características personales y profesionales, como autonomía, independencia, flexibilidad, innovación, proactividad, autoconfianza y responsabilidad. Las tipologías encontradas fueron: emprendimiento social, empresarial e intra-empresarial. El emprendedorismo social es un mecanismo de movilización y transformación social, emprendedorismo empresarial es aquel en el cual enfermeros son autónomos profesionalmente y el intraemprendedorismo se relaciona con emprendedores empleados corporativos. Conclusión: El emprendedorismo puede ampliar la visibilidad de la profesión y fomentar la creación de nuevos espacios de actuación para el enfermero.

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyze the serophobic content explicit in the publications published in Digital Social Networks in the context of HIV and AIDS in Brazil. This is a qualitative study of the descriptive exploratory type, based on documents. The data obtained were evaluated using the methodology of documentary analysis through Thematic Content Analysis with the aid of NVivo®12 Plus (Windows). A total of 187 codes were generated, subsequently grouped according to the semantics of the words, originating five thematic categories: #LivingWithHIV, #WeNeedtoTalkAboutIt, #WhatISSEROPHOBIA, #SerophobiaIsACrime, and #NoSerophobia. The results showed the main manifestations of HIV and AIDS-related serophobia on social networks. The shared content discussed the difficulties of living with a disease that has social dimensions; the relevance of talking and disseminating content about HIV and AIDS; the elements that make up the stigmatization process and, consequently, structure serophobia in society; the social and civil rights of people living with HIV; measures to combat serophobia in health institutions; and the implications of serophobia in the field of public health. Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar o conteúdo sorofóbico explicitado nas publicações veiculadas nas redes sociais digitais no contexto do HIV e da Aids no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo do tipo exploratório descritivo, de base documental. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados utilizando a metodologia de análise documental por meio da análise de conteúdo temático com auxílio do software NVivo®12 Plus (Windows). Foram gerados 187 códigos, posteriormente agrupados conforme a semântica das palavras, originando cinco categorias temáticas: #VivendoComHIV, #PrecisamosFalarSobreIsso, #OQueÉSOROFOBIA, #SorofobiaéCrime e #SorofobiaNÃO. Os resultados evidenciaram as principais manifestações acerca da sorofobia relacionada ao HIV e à Aids nas redes sociais. O conteúdo compartilhado debateu as dificuldades de viver com uma doença que apresenta dimensões sociais; a relevância de falar e difundir conteúdo sobre o HIV e a Aids; os elementos que compõem o processo de estigmatização e, consequentemente, estruturam a sorofobia na sociedade; os direitos sociais e civis das pessoas vivendo com HIV; as medidas de combate à sorofobia nas instituições de saúde; e as implicações da sorofobia no âmbito da saúde pública.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to construct and validate indicators for nursing management in blood transfusion. Methods: methodological study that involved the creation of technical sheets of indicators for nursing management in blood transfusion and their validation by 17 nurses working in Brazilian transfusion agencies. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, content validity index and calculation of the percentage of agreement. Results: 27 indicators were validated for nursing management in blood transfusion, with a content validity index higher than 0.80 and a percentage of agreement higher than 80%. These indicators were organized into the categories structure, process and results, according to the environment evaluated. Conclusions: the established indicators present evidence of content validity, allowing their application in nursing management in the transfusion process, promoting continuous improvement of nursing team practices and strengthening transfusion safety. RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y validar indicadores para la gestión de enfermería en transfusión sanguínea. Métodos: estudio metodológico que involucró la creación de fichas técnicas de indicadores para la gestión de enfermería en transfusión sanguínea y su validación por 17 enfermeros que actúan en agencias de transfusión brasileñas. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, índice de validez de contenido y cálculo del porcentaje de acuerdo. Resultados: se validaron 27 indicadores para la gestión de enfermería en transfusión sanguínea, con un índice de validez de contenido mayor a 0,80 y un porcentaje de concordancia mayor al 80%. Estos indicadores se organizaron en las categorías estructura, proceso y resultados, según el entorno evaluado. Conclusiones: los indicadores establecidos presentan evidencia de validez de contenido, permitiendo su aplicación en la gestión de enfermería en el proceso transfusional, promoviendo la mejora continua de las prácticas del equipo de enfermería y fortaleciendo la seguridad transfusional. RESUMO Objetivos: construir e validar indicadores para a gestão de enfermagem na transfusão de sangue. Métodos: estudo metodológico que envolveu a criação das fichas técnicas dos indicadores para a gestão de enfermagem na transfusão de sangue e sua validação por 17 enfermeiros atuantes em agências transfusionais brasileiras. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, índice de validade de conteúdo e cálculo do percentual de concordância. Resultados: 27 indicadores foram validados para a gestão de enfermagem na transfusão de sangue, com índice de validade de conteúdo superior a 0,80 e percentual de concordância superior a 80%. Esses indicadores foram organizados nas categorias estrutura, processo e resultados, de acordo com o ambiente avaliado. Conclusões: os indicadores estabelecidos apresentam evidências de validade de conteúdo, permitindo sua aplicação na gestão de enfermagem no processo transfusional, promovendo a melhoria contínua das práticas da equipe de enfermagem e fortalecendo a segurança transfusional.

An optical strain gauge based on a balloon-like interferometer structure formed by a bent standard single-mode fiber combined with a 3D printer piece has been presented and demonstrated, which can be used to measure displacement. The interferometer has a simple and compact size, easy fabrication, low cost, and is repeatable. The sensor is based on the interference between the core and cladding modes. This is caused by the fiber’s curvature because when light propagates through the curved balloon-shaped interferometer region, a portion of it will be released from the core limitation and coupled to the cladding. The balloon has an axial displacement as a result of how the artwork was constructed. The sensor head is sandwiched between two cantilevers such that when there is a displacement, the dimension associated with the micro bend is altered. The sensor response as a function of displacement can be determined using wavelength shift or intensity change interrogation techniques. Therefore, this optical strain gauge is a good option for applications where structure displacement needs to be examined. The sensor presents a sensitivity of 55.014 nm for displacement measurements ranging from 0 to 10 mm and a strain sensitivity of 500.13 pm/μϵ.

In many areas, the analysis of a cylindrical structure is necessary, and a form to analyze it is by evaluating the diameter changes. Some areas can be cited: pipelines for oil or gas distribution and radial growth of trees whose diameter changes are directly related to irrigation and the radial expansion since it depends on the water soil deficit. For some species, these radial variations can change in around 5 mm. This paper proposes and experimentally investigates a sensor based on a core diameter mismatch technique for diameter changes measurement. The sensor structure is a combination of a cylindrical piece developed using a 3D printer and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The pieces were developed to assist in monitoring the diameter variation. It is formed by splicing an uncoated short section of MMF (Multimode Fiber) between two standard SMFs (Singlemode Fibers) called SMF-MMF-SMF (SMS), where the MMF length is 15 mm. The work is divided into two main parts. Firstly, the sensor was fixed at two points on the first developed piece, and the diameter reduction caused dips or peaks shift of the transmittance spectrum due to curvature and strain influence. The fixation point (FP) distances used are: 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm. Finally, the setup with the best sensitivity was chosen, from first results, to develop another test with an optimization. This optimization is performed in the printed piece where two supports are created so that only the strain influences the sensor. The results showed good sensitivity, reasonable dynamic range, and easy setup reproduction. Therefore, the sensor could be used for diameter variation measurement for proposed applications.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the process and outcome of professional nursing practice environments and their relationship with job satisfaction. Methods: a cross-sectional study conducted in eight hospitals in southern Brazil. Participants were 291 nurses who answered a sociodemographic/professional questionnaire, the Scale for the Environment Evaluation of Professional Nursing Practice, and the Job Satisfaction Survey. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used. Results: in process, theoretical and legal support of professional practice and care planning, evaluation and continuity presented the highest scores, while interdependent practices in professional practice obtained the lowest. Outcome was favorable to quality of care, with systematic assessment of nursing care and indicators being very favorable, but systematic assessment of nurses’ performance and supervision was moderate. Process had a large effect, and outcome had a medium effect on the total job satisfaction score. Conclusions: the process and outcome elements indicate how to promote professional satisfaction and nursing quality of care. RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar el proceso y resultado de los ambientes de práctica profesional de enfermería y su relación con la satisfacción laboral. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado en ocho hospitales del sur de Brasil. Participaron 291 enfermeros que completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico/profesional, Scale for the Environment Evaluation of Professional Nursing Practice y Escala de Satisfacción Laboral. Se utilizó análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: en el proceso, subsidios teórico-legales y planificación, evaluación y continuidad de la atención presentaron los puntajes más altos, mientras que las prácticas interdependientes obtuvieron los peores. El resultado fue favorable a la calidad de la atención, siendo muy favorable la evaluación sistemática de la atención y los indicadores, pero moderada la evaluación sistemática del desempeño y la supervisión. Hubo un gran efecto del proceso y el promedio del resultado en el puntaje total de satisfacción laboral. Conclusiones: los elementos del proceso y resultado que indican cómo promover la satisfacción profesional y la calidad de la atención de enfermería. RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar o processo e o resultado dos ambientes da prática profissional de enfermagem e sua relação com a satisfação no trabalho. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado em oito hospitais no sul do Brasil. Participaram 291 enfermeiros que responderam ao questionário sociodemográfico/profissional, Scale for the Environment Evaluation of Professional Nursing Practice e Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho. Utilizou-se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: no processo, os subsídios teóricos/legais e planejamento, avaliação e continuidade do cuidado apresentaram os maiores escores, enquanto as práticas interdependentes obtiveram os piores. O resultado revelou-se favorável à qualidade dos cuidados, sendo a avaliação sistemática dos cuidados e dos indicadores muito favorável, mas a avaliação sistemática do desempenho e supervisão moderada. Obteve-se grande efeito do processo e médio do resultado no escore total da satisfação no trabalho. Conclusões: os elementos do processo e resultado indicam como promover a satisfação profissional e a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem.

There is a large, unmet medical need to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other respiratory diseases. New modalities are being developed, including gene therapy which treats the disease at the DNA/RNA level. Despite recent innovations in non-viral gene therapy delivery for chronic respiratory diseases, unwanted or adverse interactions with immune cells, particularly macrophages, can limit drug efficacy. This review will examine the relationship between the design and fabrication of non-viral nucleic acid nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems and their ability to trigger unwanted immunogenic responses in lung tissues. NP formulated with peptides, lipids, synthetic and natural polymers provide a robust means of delivering the genetic cargos to the desired cells. However NP, or their components, may trigger local responses such as cell damage, edema, inflammation, and complement activation. These effects may be acute short-term reactions or chronic long-term effects like fibrosis, increased susceptibility to diseases, autoimmune disorders, and even cancer. This review examines the relationship between physicochemical properties, i.e. shape, charge, hydrophobicity, composition and stiffness, and interactions of NP with pulmonary immune cells. Inhalation is the ideal route of administration for direct delivery but inhaled NP encounter innate immune cells, such as alveolar macrophages (AM) and dendritic cells (DC), that perceive them as harmful foreign material, interfere with gene delivery to target cells, and can induce undesirable side effects. Recommendations for fabrication and formulation of gene therapies to avoid adverse immunological responses are given. These include fine tuning physicochemical properties, functionalization of the surface of NP to actively target diseased pulmonary cells and employing biomimetics to increase immunotolerance.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the quality of care transition from hospital to home for COVID-19 patients. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted at a University Hospital in Southern Brazil, involving 78 patients discharged after COVID-19 hospitalization. Data collection was performed via telephone using the Brazilian version of the Care Transitions Measure (CTM-15). Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The mean quality of care transition was 70.8 on a scale ranging from zero to 100, indicating moderate quality of care transition. The highest score was attributed to factor 1, “Preparation for self-management,” and the lowest to factor 4, “Care Plan.” Conclusions: It is important to enhance communication and support provided to patients during the transition process, especially regarding understanding prescribed medications and the development of clear care plans. RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la transición del cuidado desde el hospital hasta el hogar para pacientes con COVID-19. Método: Estudio transversal realizado en un Hospital Universitario del sur de Brasil, que involucró a 78 pacientes dados de alta después de la hospitalización por COVID-19. La recolección de datos se realizó por teléfono utilizando la versión brasileña de la Medida de Transiciones del Cuidado (CTM-15). Los datos se analizaron utilizando estadísticas descriptivas y analíticas. Resultados: La calidad media de la transición del cuidado fue de 70.8 en una escala que va de cero a 100, lo que indica una calidad moderada de la transición del cuidado. La puntuación más alta se atribuyó al factor 1, “Preparación para el autogestionamiento”, y la más baja al factor 4, “Plan de cuidado”. Conclusiones: Es importante mejorar la comunicación y el apoyo proporcionado a los pacientes durante el proceso de transición, especialmente en lo que respecta a la comprensión de los medicamentos recetados y el desarrollo de planes de cuidado claros. RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade da transição do cuidado do hospital para o domicílio de pacientes com covid-19. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado em um Hospital Universitário no Sul do Brasil, com 78 pacientes que tiveram alta hospitalar após internação por covid-19. A coleta de dados foi realizada por telefone e utilizou a versão brasileira do Care Transitions Measure (CTM-15). Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados: A média da qualidade da transição do cuidado foi de 70,8, em uma escala que varia de zero a 100, indicando uma qualidade moderada da transição do cuidado. O maior escore foi atribuído ao fator 1, “Preparação para autogerenciamento”, e o menor ao fator 4, “Plano de cuidado”. Conclusões: É importante aprimorar a comunicação e o suporte oferecidos aos pacientes durante o processo de transição, especialmente no que diz respeito à compreensão dos medicamentos prescritos e ao desenvolvimento de planos de cuidados claros.