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•Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) is a rare entity and its nature as a real tumor is not clear.•Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and low grade glioma (LGG) must take into consideration as differential diagnosis.•Despite some authors advocate just observation owing to their benign disposition, longer follow-up periods are imperative. :Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) recently described as a purely neuronal tumor. Although its nature as a genuine tumor is controversial, this new entity assumed benign lesion and mostly affecting adults. Herein, we introduce two cases of MVNT presumed low grade glial tumor (LGG) and focal cortical dyplasia (FCD) as a differential diagnosis. :Case 1 has admitted to our hospital with headache which frequency and severity has increased within two months. Radiological examination revealed hyperintensity on T2-WI and T2 FLAIR images. Microsurgical resection was performed and histopathological findings were compatible with MVNT instead of low grade glial tumor as we thought. Case 2, who presented at our hospital with one episode seizure. MRI showed T2 hyperintensity and T1 hypointensity without contrast enhancement. We suspected FCD, thus performed microsurgical gross total resection with frontal craniotomy. Pathological findings confirmed MVNT as a diagnosis. Both cases were discharged on the 3rd day after surgery without any complications and with no regrowth of tumor at the 9-months and 3-months follow-up respectively. :Radiological hallmarks may be helpful to prevent from aggressive treatment in case of patient is asemptomatic. Nevertheless further studies are necessary for the adoption of ‘wait and see’ philosophy and give a verdict about benign nature of these tumors.

This study investigated the effect of a number line training via lineer board games with specific contents, namely numerical and figural, on students’ number line estimation skills, arithmetic performance, and mathematics achievement. A total of 30 first graders (15 in experimental and 15 in control group) participated in the study. There were 2 speech and language disorder (SLD) students, one in each, in the control and experimental groups. Number line training with a board game, Sahibingo® was implemented in the experimental group, while a non-numerical board game, Animalbingo, was used in the control group. Training lasted for 30 minutes a day, one day a week, and 4 weeks (2 hours in total). Results indicated that students, including the SLD, in the experimental group improved their number line estimation skills in 0-10 and 0-20 number range, but not in the 0-100 range. Improvements did not reflect in arithmetic performance and mathematics achievement scores. Although there are some improvements in small range number line estimations possibly because of the familiarity there is no improvement in the larger range and in terms of mathematics achievement scores, possibly because of the shorter period of training. It can be concluded that low mathematics achievers’ number sense can be improved via lineer board games with numerical content. Future research may investigate the effect of longer periods and may include other students with special needs.

Dedifferentiation is defined as high-grade malignant tumor development out of a low-grade malignant tumor. We present an adenocarcinoma tumor of the parotid gland that was dedifferentiated from a low-grade epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma and was followed up for 3 years. Our patient, a 46-year-old female, presented with a left parotid mass of 20-year duration. Histopathologic results showed that there was only one area of typical epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, with foci of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (not otherwise specified; NOS) and clear cytoplasm in the parotid gland. Immunohistochemical staining results showed SMA (+), P63 (+), CK8 (+), and S100 (+) on epithelial cells. A review of the literature revealed 22 previously reported cases of dedifferentiated epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma. In these cases, the malignant tumors that dedifferentiated from epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma were adenoid cystic carcinoma, actinic cell carcinoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and intraductal carcinoma. In our case, the malignant tumor that dedifferentiated from the epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Histopathological results showed that metastases were not seen in the neck-dissection material. As a result, our case will make a contribution to the literature in terms of prognosis, because there are very few reported cases of dedifferentiated adenocarcinoma development arising from epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma.

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is the most common sporadic fatal encephalitis. Although timely administered acyclovir treatment decreases mortality, neuropsychiatric sequelae is still common among survivors. Magnetic resonance imaging is frequently utilized for the diagnosis of HSE, which typically involves temporal lobe(s) and can be mixed with brain tumors involving the same area. Here, we report a case of HSE, who received acyclovir with a delay of 90 days because of presumptive tumor diagnosis and survived with minimal sequelae.

Myxomas are benign mesenchymal tumors of uncertain etiology. They can arise from odontogenic tissue, as well as from the sinonasal tract and from the facial and temporal bones, apparently from nonodontogenic mesenchyme. Although histologically benign, myxomas are locally invasive. Histopathology demonstrates a characteristically hypocellular lesion with loose stellate cells. We describe the case of a 48-year-old woman with a nonodontogenic maxillary sinus myxoma that invaded the sphenoid sinus and pterygopalatine fossa. We removed the mass via a combined endoscopic and gingivobuccal approach. The rarity of a nonodontogenic sinonasal myxoma extending into the sphenoid sinus and pterygopalatine fossa is the basis for our presentation of this case.

The authors present a 14-year-old patient who developed an anaplastic oligoastrocytoma of the left parietal lobe 9 years after a successful treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). He had a history of induction chemotherapy, intrathecal methotrexate and prophylactic whole brain irradiation (1,800 cGy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks). Radiation-induced neoplasia is suggested to be the late complication of ALL treatment, and evaluation of large clinical series revealed a relationship between young age at ALL diagnosis (<6 years) and increased high-grade glioma occurrence risk. The authors have reviewed previously reported cases of secondary central nervous system malignancies focusing on age at ALL diagnosis, and they think that synergistic action of therapeutic modalities could have played a role in the oncogenetic process. Detailed systematic radiological follow-up should be done in these patients especially if a personal history of cranial irradiation is present.

The spin chemical potential characterizes the tendency of spins to diffuse. Probing this quantity could provide insight into materials such as magnetic insulators and spin liquids and aid optimization of spintronic devices. Here we introduce single-spin magnetometry as a generic platform for nonperturbative, nanoscale characterization of spin chemical potentials. We experimentally realize this platform using diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers and use it to investigate magnons in a magnetic insulator, finding that the magnon chemical potential can be controlled by driving the system’s ferromagnetic resonance. We introduce a symmetry-based two-fluid theory describing the underlying magnon processes, measure the local thermomagnonic torque, and illustrate the detection sensitivity using electrically controlled spin injection. Our results pave the way for nanoscale control and imaging of spin transport in mesoscopic systems.

Background Microwave ablation (MWA) has great potential for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism, but as predictors and therapeutic efficiency have not been fully clarified, further investigations are required. Aim The purpose of this study was to explore the predictors of MWA efficacy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) induced by parathyroid adenoma. Methods The study included patients with PHPT treated with MWA separated into two groups as response and no response group, according to the efficacy of the treatment. The two groups were compared with respect of possible predictors, such as age, gender, parathyroid adenoma volume, baseline levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), alkaline phosphate (ALP) and vitamin D, localisation of parathyroid adenoma, and instrumental parameters such as microwave ablation time and power. The statistical significance of possible predictors of MWA efficacy was investigated by using logistic regression analysis. Results Evaluation was made of 32 patients in respect of analysing predictors of MWA efficacy. In the comparison of the values of the response and no response groups, only baseline Ca level was determined to be a potential predictor of the efficacy of MWA (P < .05). Further logistic regression results showed the baseline Ca level to be insignificant for the construction of a mathematical model to predict the efficacy of MWA (P = .071). The clinical success rate was 87.5%. Compared with pre‐MWA, the serum PTH, calcium, phosphorus and ALP levels were significantly improved at 6 months post‐MWA (PTH, 99 (86‐154) ng/L vs 50 (46‐58) ng/L; calcium, 2.94 (2.81‐2.98) mmol/L vs 2.38 (2.28‐2.50) mmol/L; phosphorus, 0.87 (0.82‐1.01) mmol/L vs 1.16 (1.0‐1.3) mmol/L; ALP, 82 (73‐98) U/L vs 69 (54‐84) U/L, respectively; all, P < .01. Conclusions Although no predictor of treatment success could be determined, MWA might be an effective treatment in patients with PHPT.