Explore the vast range of titles available.

This research deals with creating a superhydrophobic/superoleophobic surface by preparing a metastable Cassie–Baxter (CB) surface. To create a CB surface it is essential to have low surface energy and properly constructed surface morphology. We have explored three different techniques to achieve superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity using hydroentangled nylon nonwoven fabric: pulsed plasma polymerization of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate (PFAC8), microwave-assisted condensation of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (FS), and FS condensation through wet processing. Nonwoven fabric materials prepared using these three techniques were superhydrophobic and superoleophobic as shown by their very high contact angles for both water (contact angles of 168–174°) and dodecane (contact angles of 153–160°). The measured contact angles agree with the predicted values obtained through designing a CB surface.

The present study was undertaken to assess the accuracy of pediatric echocardiograms done at non-tertiary centers and to evaluate the relationship of inaccurate interpretations with age, echocardiogram performer and complexity of congenital heart disease (CHD). The echocardiogram reports of 182 consecutive children with CHD (5 days-16 years) who were evaluated at a non-tertiary center and subsequently referred to our center were reviewed. Age of the child at echocardiogram, echocardiogram performer and complexity of CHD were noted. These reports were compared with echocardiogram done at our center. Discrepancies were noted and categorized. To assess our own error rate, we compared our echocardiogram reports with the findings obtained during surgery (n = 172), CT scan (n = 9) or cardiac catheterization reports (n = 1). Most of the children at the non-tertiary center (92%) underwent echocardiogram by personnel other than a pediatric cardiologist. Overall, diagnostic errors were found in 69/182 (38%) children. Moderate and major discrepancies affecting the final management were found in 42/182 (23%) children. Discrepancies were higher when the echocardiogram was done by personnel other than pediatric cardiologist (P < 0.01) and with moderate and high complexity lesions (P = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in proportion of these discrepancies in children ≤ 1 year vs. >1 year of age. A significant number of pediatric echocardiograms done at non-tertiary centers had discrepancies that affected the management of these children. More discrepancies were seen when the echocardiogram performer was not a pediatric cardiologist and with complex CHD.

Though initially described in 1971 by Van Praagh, transposition of great arteries with posterior aorta is rarely reported in last two decades. Since the arrangement of great arteries appears like normally related great arteries, a careful echocardiographic evaluation is necessary in patients with clinical features of transposition of great arteries. In majority of cases with this anatomy, arterial switch operation can be performed without the need of Le Compte manoeuvre.

Fetal echocardiography is a well established sensitive tool to diagnose congenital heart disease (CHD) in utero. One of the determinants of effective utilization of fetal echocardiography is its awareness in the general population. The present hospital based study was undertaken to assess the awareness of the need for fetal echocardiography amongst Indian parents. One thousand one hundred and thirty eight consecutive parents who visited the pediatric cardiology outpatient department of a tertiary care centre over a period of two months were asked to fill up a questionnaire that included their demographic data, educational status, history of CHD in children, awareness of fetal echocardiography and source of information and timing of fetal echocardiogram if performed. The data was categorized and awareness was noted in different groups. The awareness in the study population was 2.2%. Awareness was found to be similar across the study population irrespective of the demographics and high risk status of the parents. The awareness of fetal echocardiography, an important tool in reducing the incidence of complex CHD, thereby impacting public health, is alarmingly low in the population studied. Appropriate action to increase awareness of fetal echocardiography needs to be looked into.

Surface modification is an important approach to modify the properties of materials. Numerous approaches have been adopted to tailor the properties of such materials, which have been proven successful at many scales and parameters. However, most of these techniques are often tedious, poorly adhesive, costly, sometimes hazardous, and surface‐specific, hence cannot be extended on a large scale and all kinds of surfaces. These shortcomings have led to the emergence of new dopamine (DA) based green surface modification technique where a thin polydopamine (PDA) layer is deposited on surfaces through a facile polymerization of DA under alkaline conditions to enable the surface for various applications. This surface modification strategy has several advantages over other techniques in deposition processing under mild conditions, cost‐effective and straightforward ingredients, and applicability to all kinds of surfaces regardless of their sizes, shapes, and types. Moreover, the PDA layer enhances the surface functionality. Therefore, it can serve as a versatile platform for various secondary reactions for a wide range of applications. Herein, the chemistry of DA is summarized and its polymerized form PDA for the modification of different families of materials’ surfaces with an emphasis on energy, environmental and biological applications. Surface modification is one of the compelling strategies in ensuring the diverse applications of polydopamine in emerging fields e.g., electrochemical energy storage, conversion, photothermal therapy, bioengineering, adhesives, purification, sensors, and environment protection. In this review, the chemistry of dopamine is summarized and its polymerized form polydopamine for the modification of different families of materials’ surfaces with an emphasis on energy, environmental and biological applications.

Background Treatment options for advanced thyroid cancer refractory to standard therapies are limited. The safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab were evaluated in patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer expressing programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Methods Patients with advanced thyroid cancer were enrolled in the nonrandomized, phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 trial conducted to evaluate safety and antitumor activity of the anti–programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab in advanced solid tumors. Key eligibility criteria were advanced papillary or follicular thyroid cancer, failure of standard therapy, and PD-L1 expression in tumor or stroma cells (assessed by immunohistochemistry). Pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg was administered every 2 weeks up to 24 months or until confirmed progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Results Twenty-two patients were enrolled: median age was 61 years; 59% were women; and 68% had papillary carcinoma. Median follow-up was 31 months (range, 7–34 months). Treatment-related adverse events were observed in 18 (82%) patients; those occurring in ≥15% of patients were diarrhea ( n  = 7) and fatigue ( n  = 4). One grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse event occurred (colitis, grade 3); no treatment-related discontinuations or deaths occurred. Two patients had confirmed partial response, for an ORR of 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1–29%); response duration was 8 and 20 months. Median progression-free survival was 7 months (95% CI, 2–14 months); median overall survival was not reached (95% CI, 22 months to not reached). Conclusions Results of this phase Ib proof-of-concept study suggest that pembrolizumab has a manageable safety profile and demonstrate evidence of antitumor activity in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer in a minority of patients treated. Further analyses are necessary to confirm these findings. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02054806 . Registered 4 February 2014.

The integration of computational methods into psychiatry presents profound ethical challenges that extend beyond existing guidelines for AI and healthcare. While precision medicine and digital mental health tools offer transformative potential, they also raise concerns about privacy, algorithmic bias, transparency, and the erosion of clinical judgment. This article introduces the Integrated Ethical Approach for Computational Psychiatry (IEACP) framework, developed through a conceptual synthesis of 83 studies. The framework comprises five procedural stages – Identification, Analysis, Decision-making, Implementation, and Review – each informed by six core ethical values – beneficence, autonomy, justice, privacy, transparency, and scientific integrity. By systematically addressing ethical dilemmas inherent in computational psychiatry, the IEACP provides clinicians, researchers, and policymakers with structured decision-making processes that support patient-centered, culturally sensitive, and equitable AI implementation. Through case studies, we demonstrate framework adaptability to real-world applications, underscoring the necessity of ethical innovation alongside technological progress in psychiatric care.

ABSTRACT Background: A change in food preferences is difficult to bring about, thus there is a need of an innovative tool which would cater to the developing cognition of the child but at the same time be fun and engaging. Aim: To assess and compare playing \"My tooth the happiest\" an educational game with standard dietary counseling in preschool children for preference for noncariogenic food items. Settings and Design: Randomized controlled trial. Materials and Methods: The parents of 51 children aged between 4 and 6 years, answered a preintervention questionnaire on the daily food preferences of their children and were scored as per the scale which depicted the frequency status of dietary preferences. In Group A, 25 children played the educational game \"My tooth the Happiest\" and Group B of 26 children were given verbal dietary counseling. A postintervention questionnaire was answered by the parents on the 8th, 16th, and 30th days and were scored as per the scale. Statistical Analysis: The intergroup comparison of Group A and Group B was done by Mann-Whitney test and the intra-group analysis by Friedman's test. Results: The inter-group analysis showed a highly significant (P < 0.01) result at the 8th, 16th, and 30th day with lower mean scores in Group A than Group B. The intragroup analysis within both the groups showed a highly significant change (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Playing an inexpensive, fun, educational game could be a \"Game changer\" for dietary counseling in pediatric dentistry for preschoolers.

In metal cutting, the extreme tool temperature restricts the material removal rate. To address this, it is crucial to adopt techniques that reduce heat input and enhance heat dissipation from the cutting tool inserts. Rake surface texturing, particularly with micro-pillars, is gaining popularity in this context. Direct measurement of the cutting tool temperature is exceptionally challenging, so a numerical approach is adopted in this work to inverse estimate the tool tip temperature based on the temperature measured at a distant location from the rake face. Stage I of the work involved the development of a circular micro-pillar array on tungsten carbide inserts using the Reverse Micro Electrical Discharge Machining (RµEDM) technique. Based on the discharge pulses recorded during RµEDM, the 110V–100 nF voltage-capacitance combination proved feasible for this operation. In Stage II, turning operations were performed on Ti6Al4V alloys under dry, compressed air, and wet conditions. The tool temperature measured at the distant location revealed a substantial temperature drop for textured tools. This is attributed to the reduced contact area at the interface, as observed from the rake morphology of the tools, and to the enhanced heat dissipation from the higher surface area of the developed textures, as revealed by the computational fluid dynamics-based numerical study in Stage III of the work. An array of closely spaced, small-diameter, and higher-depth micro-pillars beyond the tool-chip contact area could enhance heat dissipation from the cutting tools.