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The quantum metal state (QMS) occurring between the superconductor and insulator transition is often considered a Bose metal phase (BMP) whose understanding remains elusive and has been under debate even though studied for decades. To observe the BMP one needs to disrupt the phase coherence and search it into 2D amorphous, disorder, defective or nanoengineered superconducting materials. Superconductor -Topological insulator (SC-TI) junctions host the exotic nature of quasiparticles and are expected to show 2D superconductivity. Here, for the first time, we harness exotic SC-TI junctions investigating signatures of BMP and report proximity induced low temperature transport through superconductor-bismuth telluride (SC-Bi 2 Te 3 ) nanosheet junctions. Transport data reveals superconducting effects in the nanosheets and the existence of the resistive metallic state with reentrant nature. We analysed the data to show the appearance of different quantum states. For longer junction lengths (1.1 & 0.78 μm), temperature-dependent resistive humps having similar peak heights and widths in the magnetoresistance (MR) curves were observed which were suppressed for smaller junction length (310 nm). The hump signatures in MR curves and scaling analysis of the data indicate the appearance of BMP. Our results suggest that SC-TI junctions exhibiting partial superconductivity are necessary to witness a peculiar metallic state resembling a BMP.

Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have been employed as catalysts for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Nonetheless, the preparation of such nanoparticles using hazardous precursors and chemical methods has a drawback in real-world applications. In the present study, the ferromagnetic iron nitride (ε-Fe 3 N) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the direct current (DC) thermal plasma arc discharge (TPAD) method. The experiments were carried out using argon and ammonia (NH 3 ) gas atmospheres at different plasma powers, such as 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 kW. The synthesized ε-Fe 3 N NPs have a spherical morphology with a crystalline nature. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercive force (Hc) values for single phase ε-Fe 3 N NPs are 140 emu/g and 121.4 Oe, respectively, which reveals a soft ferromagnetic nature. As ε-Fe 3 N NPs shows superior storage properties with an outstanding specific capacitance of 556.1 F/g at 1 A/g with pseudocapacitive behavior. The ε-Fe 3 N exhibited higher cycling stability with 73.6% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at a current density of 5 A/g. Furthermore, ε-Fe 3 N NPs exhibit excellent electrochemical activity in the oxygen evaluation reaction (OER) catalyst, which exhibits an onset potential of 1.51 V with a lower overpotential of 280 mV and Tafel slope of 57 mV/dec. This work provides significantly better electrochemical energy storage and water splitting applications for thermal plasma synthesized ε-Fe 3 N NPs.

This paper presents the design, analysis and comparative study of three different configurations of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) suitable for In-wheel application in Electric Vehicles. C-core stator with dual rotor SRM, C-core stator with disk-type segmented rotor SRM and Dual gap inner segmented rotor SRM are designed and compared for the same stator/rotor pole, supply current, current density and outer diameter. The significant performance indices of an electric motor for an in-wheel application, such as torque ripple, torque per unit active weight and torque per unit active volume, are considered for analysis. 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the machines is performed using the software MagNet 7.5 due to the axial field distribution of the configurations. The best among the three configurations is fabricated and experimental results are presented.

The security of information being transmitted through wireless communication is of vital importance. Authenticated encryption aims to provide security through the confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data transmitted. Wireless sensor nodes have their own operational constraints, which makes the security algorithm light in terms of area and low power consumption. In this work, a novel architecture of authenticated encryption is proposed that combines the lightweight symmetric block cipher GIFT for encryption and the SPONGE function for authentication. Iterative architectures of GIFT-64 and GIFT-128 are proposed and implemented with minimum resources and better throughput on various FPGA devices. Moreover, two hash functions, namely Spongift-56 and Spongift-112, are also proposed and implemented with minimum resources. A perfect combination of the proposed iterative GIFT architecture and the Spongift function is a better choice for authenticated encryption to be deployed in resource-constrained environments like wireless sensor nodes.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Melaleuca alternifolia (M-AgNPs), as evidenced by various physicochemical characterizations, including UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and zeta potential analysis. The UV-Vis spectrum exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 402 nm, confirming the formation of M-AgNPs. FT-IR analysis identified the presence of various functional groups associated with the silver nanoparticles. DLS measurements indicated a hydrodynamic size of 45.79 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.335. Zeta potential analysis revealed a value of -21 mV, suggesting good stability of the nanoparticles. XRD analysis showed a crystalline size of 25.47 nm and confirmed the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. SEM images revealed well-defined and uniformly dispersed nanoparticles. EDAX confirmed the presence of silver at the elemental level. HR-TEM analysis demonstrated that the actual size of the nanoparticles was approximately 10 nm. Antimicrobial studies demonstrated the effectiveness of the synthesized nanoparticles against both bacterial and fungal strains. The antioxidant activity of the M-AgNPs was measured at 41.17 µL/mL. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies showed that the nanoparticles exhibited an IC 50 value of 8.16 µg/mL against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The synthesized M-AgNPs possess significant potential as therapeutic agents, particularly against MCF-7 cancer cells, and may serve as promising candidates for future medical applications.

The paper investigates the aerodynamic performance and power requirement characteristics of wing sections integrated with high-lift airfoil to support the operation of solar-powered Unmanned Aerial vehicle (UAV). The flight mission is aimed to simulate the operation of solar-powered UAVs under low -speed environment. The research focuses on studying the aerodynamic effect of non-solar UAV wing model and solar UAV wing model for the varying angle of attack. The UAV wing models are tested using a subsonic wind tunnel to validate the aerodynamic characteristics at low-speed condition. The aerodynamic parameters such as coefficient of lift (Cl), coefficient of drag (Cd), coefficient of pressure (Cp), and the total power required to accelerate the solar UAV are studied to maintain steady level flight. The solar UAV and non-solar UAV wing models were subjected to a computational process to examine the pressure and velocity distributions for the aerodynamic performance analysis. Evident results show that the solar cells positioned at the flow separation region of the UAV wing model produces an aerodynamic efficiency rate of 5.45% and required 37.13W of minimum power compared to non-solar UAV at the Reynolds number of 9.8 106.

Background Long-term catheterisation is frequently necessary for patients with retention of urine or intractable incontinence who are unfit for definitive treatment or being evaluated for definitive treatment. In this study, the important factors influencing the encrustation of indwelling catheters are analysed. Methods A total of 52 patients on catheter drainage for a period ranging from 1 month to 1 year were taken in the study. Patients reported either for problems like catheter block or routine changing of catheter. The catheters were removed, and encrustation was subjected to chemical analysis. Urine was examined for pH, specific gravity, culture sensitivity and appearance. Blood samples were taken for estimation of calcium, phosphorus and uric acid. Results Out of 52 patients, 28 with urea splitting and 15 with non-urea splitting had positive urine culture (43 out of 52). Amongst 28, 27 (96%) had encrustation compared to 10 (50%) out of 15 with non-urea splitting bacteria ( p value < .05). Amongst 24 patients having pH > 6, 22 (92%) had encrustation ( p value < .05). The encrustation was found to be more common in bedridden patients (91%) when compared to physically active patients (54%) ( p value < .05). The encrustation was more common in patients having single catheter for more than 15 days (86%) when compared to patients having catheter for shorter period (43%) ( p value < .05). Conclusion This study showed definitive influence of the following factors in encrustation formation: infection with urea splitting organism, alkaline pH, physical activity of patient and duration of keeping a particular catheter.

Solvent environment on third-order nonlinear optical (TNLO) features of triarylmethane dye namely, basic blue 7 in different solvents is reported herein using 650 nm diode laser with continuous wave mode. The basic blue 7 dye is dissolved in different solvent media including ethanol, methanol, dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The influence of solvent characteristics such as solvent polarizability and dipole moment on solute molecule is discussed. TNLO characteristics such as nonlinear optical index of refraction, nonlinear optical coefficient of absorption, real and imaginary components of the TNLO susceptibility are measured to be the order of 10 ‒7 cm 2 /W, 10 ‒3  cm/W, 10 ‒6 esu and 10 ‒7 esu, respectively. The dye exhibits large TNLO susceptibility by dissolving in DMSO. The TNLO susceptibility of basic blue 7 dye is measured to be the order of 10 ‒6 esu. The overall results revealed that the basic blue 7 dye is suitable material for optoelectronics applications.