Explore the vast range of titles available.

Abstract Various plants can be used as safe and effective antifertility agents, one of which is cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Cashew nut shells contain phenolic compounds Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) or lacquer oil, which are effective antifertility agents in female rats, but there has been no research on male rats. The purpose of the study of antifertility agents of cashew nut shell extract in male rats includes analysis of the body weight, histological structure of the testes, testosterone levels, and assessing the microscopic quality of spermatozoa. Experimental research in the laboratory with a Completely Randomized Design. The test animals were Rattus norvegicus male Wistar strain aged two months, weighing 170-190 gr, totaling 24 divided into four treatment groups, each with six replications. The treatments given were 0.5% CMCNa (Control/T0), cashew nut shell extract 250 mg/kg body weight (Treatment 1/T1), 500 mg/kg body weight (T2), and 750 mg/kg body weight (T3). The treatment period was 25 days and every seven days body weight was measured. Testicular preparations were made using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin Eosin staining. Testosterone levels were tested using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay method. Microscopic spermatozoa quality tests included motility, morphology, and number of spermatozoa. Analysis of the histological structure of the testes was analyzed descriptively qualitatively by comparing between treatments. One-way ANOVA at the 5% level was used to measure rat body weight, testosterone levels, motility, morphology and number of spermatozoa. The results showed that cashew nut shell extract had no effect on rat body weight (p>0.001). Repeated one-way measures to find out if the rat's mean body weight varied amongst the four treatments, an ANOVA was conducted. The rat's body weight did not differ statistically significantly between the treatments, according to an ANOVA (F statistic is 0.457 and the corresponding p value is 0.649). The rats body weight did not differ statistically significantly across the four treatments, according to the results of Bonferroni's test for multiple comparisons. The extract affected the histology of the seminiferous tubules in T3, namely atrophy, irregular shape, vacuolization and membrane fluidity. Between the interstitial tissue and the seminiferous tubules of the testes of rats in groups T1, T2 and T3 there was a gap or empty space called the phenomenon of tissue stretching (compliance). The extract significantly affected testosterone levels (p<0.001) and microscopic quality of spermatozoa, namely motility (p<0.001), morphology (p<0.001) and number of spermatozoa (p<0.001) which decreased with increasing extract dose. The results of the study concluded that the extract did not significantly affect the weight of rat, there were differences in the structure of the seminiferous tubules in T3, the extract significantly affected testosterone hormone levels and microscopic quality of spermatozoa (motility, normal morphology and number of spermatozoa) which decreased with increasing extract dose. The results of this study can be a reference for natural antifertility compounds. Resumo Várias plantas podem ser usadas como agentes antifertilidade seguros e eficazes, entre elas o cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.). A casca da castanha de caju contém compostos fenólicos, como o líquido da casca da castanha (CNSL) ou óleo de laca, que é um agente antifertilidade eficaz em ratas, mas não há investigação em ratos machos. O objetivo da investigação sobre os agentes antifertilidade do extrato da casca da castanha de caju em animais machos inclui a análise da estrutura histológica dos testículos, os níveis de testosterona e a avaliação da qualidade microscópica dos espermatozoides. A investigação experimental foi realizada em laboratório com um Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado. Os animais testados eram machos da linhagem Rattus norvegicus Wistar com dois meses de idade, pesando 170-190 gramas, totalizando 24 animais. Os tratamentos receberam CMCNa 0,5% (Controle/C), extrato da casca da castanha de caju 250 mg/kg de peso corporal (Tratamento 1/T1), 500 mg/kg de peso corporal (T2), e 750 mg/kg de peso corporal (T3). O período de tratamento foi de 25 dias, com medição do peso corporal a cada sete dias. As preparações testiculares foram efetuadas utilizando o método de parafina e coloração com Hematoxilina-Eosina. Os níveis de testosterona foram testados utilizando o método ELISA (Enzym Link Immunosorbent Assay). Os testes de qualidade microscópica dos espermatozoides incluem a motilidade, a morfologia e o número de espermatozoides. A estrutura histológica dos testículos foi analisada de forma descritiva e qualitativa, comparando os tratamentos. Foi utilizada uma ANOVA unidirecional ao nível de 5% para medir o peso corporal do rato, os níveis de testosterona, a motilidade, a morfologia e a contagem de espermatozoides. Os resultados mostraram que o extrato da casca da castanha de caju não teve nenhum efeito no peso corporal dos animais (p > 0,001). A ANOVA indicou ausência de diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os tratamentos (F = 0,457; p = 0,649), o que foi confirmado pelo teste de comparações múltiplas de Bonferroni. No entanto, observou-se que o extrato afetou a histologia dos túbulos seminíferos em T3, como atrofia, forma irregular e tamanho reduzido. O tecido intersticial T1, T2 e T3 registrou conformidade. O extrato afetou significativamente os níveis de testosterona e a qualidade microscópica dos espermatozoides (motilidade, morfologia normal e contagem de espermatozoides), os quais diminuíram com o aumento da dose do extrato. Esses resultados sugerem que o extrato possui potencial como composto antifertilidade natural.

The present study examined the consequences of supplementing the diets of low-weight day-old broiler chicks (DOC) with 4% infertile egg powder (IEP). The chicks were categorized into three groups namely; normal-weight DOC, low-weight DOC on a basal diet, and low-weight DOC on a diet that contained 4% IEP (T2). In hematological analysis, there was increase in hemoglobin levels, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) compared to T2, but the MCV was less than T0 (p<0.05). There was improvement in the lipid metabolism, whereby triglyceride and HDL levels reduced and increased, respectively (p<0.05). T2 showed an improved antioxidant status; it had an increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a decreased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05). Ileal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliform counts were also substantially reduced in T2 vs. T0 (p<0.05), whereas both caecal coliform counts and LNE counts and the LAB-to-coliform ratio were significantly worse in T1 and T2 than T0 (p<0.05). Histological findings expressed the aspect of villus height-to-crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio that was greater in duodenum and ileum of T2 than T1, and deeper crypt in the jejunum in T0 than T1 (p<0.05). There was significant reduction in lesion score in duodenum and the jejunum as seen in T2 group (p<0.05). T2 also had much higher weight gain (p<0.05). per day, feed consumption and body weight at the end when compared to T1. To summarize the findings, the supplement of 4% IEP via the diet improved the physiological functioning and intestinal health status, causing the rise in body weights in low-weight broiler chicks.

Masterplanplanningis needed for planning and improving a hospital’s performance. The Bengkayang Regency Government plans to upgrade the existing Bengkayang Hospital to Type-B. To realize this requires astudy of a master development plan. This study aims to make a comprehensive hospital construction master plan review to support the development of the Bengkayang general hospital in an integrated manner and accommodate all areas. The descriptive qualitative method is used, whichcollects primary data through field observations. All information and data can be obtained visually and then analyzed to get an idea of the factors that will affect the development of the BengkayangGeneral Hospital. The results of this study are the Master Plan program and design review, as well as the stages of development of the Bengkayang Regional General Hospital with appropriate and integrated service functions according to the needs of health services, local culture, natural conditions, available land, and financial conditions. This study will reference local governments for plans to develop advanced and integrated hospitals to continue improving their services.

Not only cities are entering the urban age but suburban villages are also feeling the impact of this global phenomenon. In Indonesia, the uncontrolled rural transformation has had some negative impacts because of the unpreparedness of various aspects such as land conversion, the emergence of the informal sector, and crime. This phenomenon is often referred to as developmental externalities that need to be anticipated in planning and controlling the growth of cities and villages. This inevitable rural transformation also occurs in the Surakarta Metropolitan Region. The previous rural transformation studies in the Surakarta Metropolitan Region are based on economic, spatial to socio-ecological perspectives and are still rarely studied from the perspective of urban studies. This article aims to examine the model of rural transformation in the Surakarta Metropolitan Region based on the Rural-Urban Transformation theory by Lo, Shalih & Douglass (1998), especially in the Simo, Sambi, Ngemplak, and Nogosari Sub-districts in Boyolali District. The qualitative methods consisting of interviews, 150 questionnaires, and field observations in 2017 and literature study were used for the discussion in this article. The rural to urban transformation of the Surakarta Metropolitan Region follows the Southeast Asian Model. This research opens a new discussion on how to create a sustainable city system in the Surakarta Metropolitan Region.

Goldfish production increase in four years, specifically 66,823,000 in 2010 to 72,997,000 in 2014. The increment of goldfish production growth altogether with problems which is a discontinuity of fry stock. The solution for this problem is the purpose of this study, which is understood techniques in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) hatchery. The feed given to goldfish brood is blood worms (Chironomus sp. larvae) and pellets with a ratio of 50:50 as much as 3% of the biomass. Goldfish hatchery techniques involve broodstock cultivation, spawning techniques, larval development observation, and larval cultivation. Two kinds of Goldfish used, namely Oranda and Mutiara Goldfish. The results of Oranda goldfish spawning and Mutiara goldfish spawning consecutively are Fecundity 875 eggs, FR 94%, HR 91.83%, SR 93.04% and Fecundity 3850 eggs, FR 93.66%, HR 92.48%, and SR 91.10%. Larval development observation includes embryogenesis until post-hatched larval. Larval cultivation consists of giving various types of feeds, which are artemia nauplii (for 3-7 days old larval), Moina (for 7-14 days old larval), and blood worm or tubifex (> 14 days old larval). Fertilized goldfish eggs will develop through several phases, including zygotes, initial cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula, egg hatching, and development of larvae after hatching.

A comfortable classroom environment depends heavily on indoor air quality to maximise productivity and performance. This statement refers to the preliminary survey indicating that most university students spend 90% of their time inside buildings. Each day, between three and six hours are spent in the classroom. However, most classrooms today are equipped with AC units, which restrict air exchange. A major reason is the high temperatures, especially in tropical climates. Overly high CO 2 concentrations will have a negative effect on health. The purpose of this research is to identify the indoor air quality of Classroom A.202, Department of Architecture, Diponegoro University, focusing particularly on CO 2 concentrations. A combination of experiments and simulations is used in the method. For 10 minutes, an Air Quality Monitor and CONTAM simulation software were used to measure and simulate window openings and occupant movements. The results show that CO 2 concentration levels increase as occupants in a room increase and air circulation becomes obstructed. It was found that good air circulation can lower CO 2 levels, resulting in an optimal learning environment.

This paper reports on the assessment and assessment of the setting and infrastructure category based on the UI GreenMetric 2023 for the implementation of a green campus concept at Manado State Polytechnic in North Sulawesi Indonesia, and the strategies to improve the criteria for being one of the vocational institutions in Indonesia that promotes sustainability and environmental awareness to the community. In this research, data collection, planning and assessment were conducted to calculate the scoring of the existing condition of the campus to build on the strategies of improvement afterwards. The final score after the strategy implementation was presented as a baseline for future programs. The results show that the green campus implementation, specifically in the setting and infrastructure category regarding the current condition of Manado State Polytechnic, was still only fulfilling 27% of the 1500 points required in this category. Short-term strategies for program development include establishing a campus garden area and infrastructures for disability, maternity, and special need citizens, as well as maintaining the open space area on campus through the utilisation of permeable paving blocks and biopore infiltration holes in the areas used for parking and driveways, as well as the sidewalks near the academic buildings.

The textile industry is a key manufacturing sector in Indonesia that contributes significantly to national economic growth and export revenues. However, it poses a considerable environmental burden. Recent research on textile sustainability underscores the necessity of integrating economic and environmental performance assessments through advanced tools, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This study examines the environmental impact and eco-efficiency of single rayon yarn production at PT XYZ by utilizing LCA methodology with a gate-to-gate system boundary. The analysis was conducted using OpenLCA software, with environmental impacts quantified using the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method. The findings indicate that the ring-spinning stage is the largest contributor to environmental impact, incurring a cost of EUR 118,329 (59.65% of the total), while fine particulate matter formation is identified as the most critical category, amounting to EUR 149,034 in eco-costs. The calculated eco-efficiency ratio was 82%, indicating a relatively favorable balance between economic output and environmental costs. These findings offer empirical evidence for decision-makers in the textile industry, highlighting the importance of targeted interventions, such as solar panel installation, to reduce carbon emissions and enhance energy efficiency, thereby promoting sustainable manufacturing practices in Indonesia.

Catfish is currently the flagship commodity to increase economic value in Indonesia. Catfish farming is very profitable because good broodstock maintenance will produce quality tillers. A good catfish broodstock should have a feed management system, thereby improving the quality of mains. The purpose is to learn about feed management technology (life and pellet feed) on the maintenance of Mutiara catfish ( Clarias sp.). The method is with a descriptive method with immediate data retrieval and secondary data. Life feed is observed by taking water samples and then observed using a microscope. Life feed that is found using a microscope is Spirulina sp. and Chlorella sp. Feed management on the maintenance of the broodstock of the Mutiara catfish ( Clarias sp.) is by feeding one time a day at a dose of 1.5 kg, the feed used is pellets PL 1 size 2 mm which has 33% protein and 5% fat, FCR which can be 2.43, absolute growth 15.42 kg, SGR 0.147 %, GR 2.4 gram/day, and SR 100%. Fish enlargement is a business activity maintenance fish up to the size of consumption. The feed is the largest component on the business of catfish enlargement.

The Directorate Building is an essential component of every university. Apart from operating as a management area, it helps users, particularly employees and students, in their spatial functions. A neglected space plan might lead to insufficient spatial connection. The purpose of this study is to examine the spatial arrangement of the Directorate Building at Politeknik Negeri Pontianak and the extent to which it affects the movement of users inside it. The research used qualitative, with the qualitative method describing the present building’s performance and assessing its intelligibility using depthmap software. The results show that the ideal spatial design is on the third level of the building, with an intelligibility score of 0.693598. It is found that the corridors tend to make the surrounding spaces more private. In terms of territorial zoning, the zoning on the third floor is well suited, resulting in higher configuration value compared to other floors.