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Objective To assess the effectiveness of pre-treatment with aripiprazole and quetiapine to prevent acute cocaine toxicity in a mouse model of cocaine toxicity. Methods This experimental study included three groups (n = 25 per group) of mice that were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline solution, 10 mg/kg quetiapine or 10 mg/kg aripiprazole 15 min before 105 mg/kg cocaine hydrochloride. When the cocaine administration was completed, researchers blinded to the study groups observed the mice in terms of seizures and death for a further 30 min. Results In the cocaine + quetiapine group, the mean ± SE time to the first seizure was 10.80 ± 2.27 min and seizure activity was detected in 18 mice (72%) by the end of the 30 min. In the cocaine + aripiprazole group, the mean ± SE time to the first seizure was 18.10 ± 1.94 min and seizure activity was detected in 15 mice (60%) by the end of the 30 min. When compared with the control group, there was a significant difference between the cocaine + quetiapine and cocaine + aripiprazole groups in terms of seizure activity. Survival time was increased in the cocaine + aripiprazole group compared with the control and cocaine + quetiapine groups. Conclusion Quetiapine and aripiprazole pre-treatment reduced seizure activity and delayed the onset of seizures compared with the control group.

Musculoskeletal system traumas are among the most common presentations in the emergency departments. In the treatment of traumatic musculoskeletal pain, paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAID) are frequently used. Our aim in this study is to compare the efficacy of intravenous dexketoprofen and paracetamol in the treatment of traumatic musculoskeletal pain. This prospective, randomised, double blind, controlled study was conducted in a tertiary care emergency unit. The participating patients were randomised into two groups to receive either 50 mg of dexketoprofen or 1000 mg of paracetamol intravenously by rapid infusion in 150 mL of normal saline. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Numeric Rating Scala (NRS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) was employed for pain measurement at baseline, after 15, after 30 and after 60 mins. 200 patients were included in the final analysis. The median age of the paracetamol group was 34 (24–48), while that of the dexketoprofen group was 35 (23–50), and 63% (n = 126) of them consisted of men. Paracetamol and dexketoprofen administration reduced VAS pain scores over time (p = 0.0001). Median reduction in VAS score at 60 min was 55 (IQR 30–65) for the paracetamol group and 50(IQR 30.25–60) for the dexketoprofen group. There was no statistically significant difference between the paracetamol and dexketoprofen groups in terms of VAS reductions (p = 0.613). Intravenous paracetamol and dexketoprofen seem to produce equivalent pain relief for acute musculoskeletal trauma in the emergency department. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NO: NCT03428503

Purpose: Lumbar puncture(LP) is a medical procedure in which a cerebrospinal fluid sample is taken for biochemical, microbiological and cytological examination. The aim of our study was to compare the ultrasonography (USG) method to the palpation method in determining the location of LP. Methods: 203 patients were included in the study. In the study, specifying location manually or with USG was performed by the same emergency medical assistant with USG certificate who completed his 4th year. The lumbar puncture site in the participating patients was determined and marked first by ultrasound and then by manual lumbar puncture. Results: The USG method was found to be significantly more successful than the manual method in determining the LP location(p=0.012) . The USG method was found to be significantly more successful in determining the LP site than the manual method, especially when the LP site was identified in the sitting position(p=0.031). In other positions, no difference was observed between the two groups (Right p=1, Left p=0.500). Body Mass Index(BMI) affects success during site location with USG (p=0.0001). Likewise, body mass index affected the success in identifying the LP site by the manual method(p=0.0001). The USG method was found to be significantly more successful than the manual method in determining the LP site in patients with BMI>25(p=0.012). Conclusion: During the LP location by palpation or USG, as the body mass index increased, the duration of location increased significantly, too. LP site can be identified by the USG in patients whose LP site cannot be specified by palpation. In addition, the USG is more successful in obese individuals in terms of locating the LP site.