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The determination of the growth and exploitation parameters of Liza dumerili is carried out by the length frequency analysis method. Samples are either obtained from landings from the Joal Fadiouth artisanal fishery supplemented by catches made in experimental fishing by a purse seine. The measurements included total length, total weight, eviscerated weight and gonad weight. The data were analyzed by the FISAT II software for biometric analysis which include asymptotic length and growth coefficient (K) among others. For statistical analysis we used Past software for naturalists. The results obtained showed isometric isometry with b = 3. The growth parameters estimated using the von Bertallanfy equation gave the following results for the asymmetric length L∞ = 39.55 cm and a growth coefficient k = 0.37 year-1. According to the methods used, the instantaneous mortality is Z = 2.61an-1, the fishing mortality F = 1.99 yr-1 and the natural mortality M = 0.62 yr-1. Virtual population analysis showed that L. dumerili is overexploited in the area with an exploitation rate E = 0.76. Juveniles are the most affected by fishing pressure. In the management of local fisheries, management measures specific to the species are required.

The objectives of the study were to determine the specific richness and abundance of the fish population of Joal Fadiouth's Protected Marine Area (MPA) in Senegal. To obtain a representative view of the spatial distribution of the fish fauna of the Joal-Fadiouth MPA, we chose to sample at three sites in particular the Gaskel, Church and Mbar Assane stations. Experimental fisheries are conducted between 2014 and 2015 during the four hydrological seasons of each year, including cold (April), cold warm (June), warm (August) and cold (November). Three types of fishing gear, namely a purse seine (ST), an encircling mesh (FME) mesh 12 mm stretched and a longline (P) were used separately from one station to another, each station. It allowed us to identify the different species and their distribution in the MPA. A total of 70 species were recorded between the different experimental fishing stations in both zones. These species are divided into 60 genera belonging to 38 families. The species of Sciaenidae and Carangidae are the most numerous with respectively 9 and 7 species, followed by Sparidae, Clupeidae and Tetraodontidae with 5 species for the first and 3 species for each of the other two.

The objective of this study is to have a real knowledge by locality of dynamics and the propagation mode of the bush fires in time in space. To achieve our goal a methodological approach was adopted by a use on the one hand satellite images and software of SIG for the image processing and on the other hand cards of investigations for the talks, the GPS for the localization of the CVD (Village Committee of Development), of the mowings for the collection of herbaceous biomass and of the compasses for the determination of the transect. This work was supplemented by investigations into the ground and that made it possible to determine on average 10000 hectares which burn each season is to say October to May with reduction (controlled fire) for the period from October at November. The study highlighted on the one hand that late fires intervene in second half of the dry season to reach significant proportions in February and Mars and on the other hand that the occurrences of fire are observed in the South of the district where is the classified field.The estimate of the vegetable biomass is obtained starting from a correlation of the data to the level satelitte to extract the Index from Vegetation by the Standardized Difference (NDVI) of the channels red and near infra-red to the imagery of the year corresponding and the data of ground for the determination of the herbaceous and woody production to the level of the sites of control on the ground. Each more than 60% of the total production of the vegetable biomass disappears under the action of fires.

Natural spices play an essential role in human nutrition and well-being. However, their processing on different scales can expose them to potential sources of contamination. This study aimed to describe the bacterial community genomic footprint in spices sold in Senegal. Spice samples were collected in August 2022 in Saint-Louis, Senegal. The genomic region coding bacterial 16S rRNA was then amplified and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT). Sequencing was carried out on two batches of samples, one containing part of the “Local Spices or Herbs” (n = 10), and the other, a mixture of 7 spices, Curcuma, Thyme and the other part of the “Local Spices or Herbs” (n = 39). Results showed high bacterial diversity and the predominance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in samples, with total reads of 65,744 and 165,325 for the two batches, respectively. The sample category “Homemade mixture of food condiments “, which includes all “Local Spices or Herbs” samples, showed remarkable bacterial diversity. These were followed by Curcuma, a blend of 7 spices and thyme. Also, the different categories of spices studied show similarities in their bacterial composition. These results highlight the microbial community’s highly diverse genomic profile, including pathogenic bacteria, in spice samples.

Two MX2 (M = Ni, Zn; X = Cl, Br) dimethyl N-cyanodithioiminocarbonate compounds and one CrCl2 triphenylphosphine oxide complex were isolated and elucidated by single crystal X-ray crystallography. NiCl2[(CH3S)2C?NC=N]2 (1) features inversion-related hydrogen bonded dimers linked into chains interacting through C-H Cl growing layers along [110] whose junction into a 3D structure is enabled by H-bonds. ZnBr2[(CH3S)2C?NC=N]2 (2) also exhibits inversion-related H-bonded dimers. In contrast with 1, the structure of 2 comprises chains along [110], connected via C-H Br and C-H S into a 2D layer along [-110]. CrCl2(OPPh3)2 (3) obtaining undergone redox processes, oxidizing [CH3C(O)CH2PPh3]+ to form PPh3PO, and reducing Cr from CrVI to CrII. In the structure, each molecule is linked to height neighbors through H-bonds affording a 3D network.

The prevalence and characteristics of right heart endocarditis in Africa are not well known. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with right-heart infective endocarditis. This was a 10-year retrospective study conducted in 2 cardiology departments in Dakar, Senegal. All patients who met the diagnosis of right heart infective endocarditis according to the Duke's criteria were included. We studied the epidemiological, clinical as well as their laboratory profiles. There were 10 cases of right-heart infective endocarditis representing 3.04% of cases of infective endocarditis. There was a valvulopathy in 3 patients, an atrial septal defect in 1 patient, parturiency in 2 patients and the presence of a pacemaker in one patient. Anaemia was present in 9 patients whilst leukocytosis in 6 patients. The port of entry was found to be oral in three cases, ENT in one case and urogenital in two cases. Apart from one patient with vegetations in the tricuspid and pulmonary valves, the rest had localized vegetation only at the tricuspid valve. However, blood culture was positive in only three patients. There was a favorable outcome after antibiotic treatment in 4 patients with others having complications; three cases of renal impairment, two cases of heart failure and one case of pulmonary embolism. There was one mortality. Right heart infective endocarditis is rare but associated with potentially fatal complications.

Routine implantation of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators is not commonly associated with complications. However, in some cases we see misplacement of pacemaker leads which is most often related to the presence of underlying cardiac anomalies. We report the case of misplacement of a pacemaker lead into the left ventricle of a 56-year-old patient paced in VVI/R mode and with a tined type pacemaker lead because of a symptomatic complete atrioventricular block. Electrocardiogram showed a pacemaker-generated rhythm with a right bundle branch block pattern. Chest X-ray showed the pacemaker lead located relatively high in relation to the diaphragm. Echocardiography visualized the pacemaker lead in the left heart chambers (atrium and ventricle), hence confirming its aberrant course. Further, the defect causing its passage to the left heart chambers was a sinus venosus atrial septal defect. The patient reported no complication related to the misplacement of the lead. After a brief period of oral anticoagulation, the lead was inserted into the right ventricle by percutaneous technique.

Background Coronary heart disease remains the leading cause of death in developed countries. In Africa, the disease continues to rise with varying rates of progression in different countries. At present, there is little available work on its juvenile forms. The objective of this work was to study the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of acute coronary syndrome in young Sub-Saharan Africans. Methods This was a prospective multicenter study done at the different departments of cardiology in Dakar. We included all patients of age 40 years and below, and who were admitted for acute coronary syndrome between January 1 st , 2005 and July 31 st , 2007. We collected and analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary data of the patients. Results Hospital prevalence of acute coronary syndrome in young people was 0.45% (21/4627) which represented 6.8% of all cases of acute coronary syndrome admitted during the same period. There was a strong male predominance with a sex-ratio (M:F) of 6. The mean age of patients was 34 ± 1.9 years (range of 24 and 40 years). The main risk factor was smoking, found in 52.4% of cases and the most common presenting symptom was chest pain found in 95.2% of patients. The average time delay before medical care was 14.5 hours. Diagnosis of ST- elevation myocardial infarction in 85.7% of patients and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction in 14.3% was made by the combination electrocardiographic features and troponin assay. Echocardiography found a decreased left ventricular systolic function in 37.5% of the patients and intraventricular thrombus in 20% of them. Thrombolysis using streptokinase was done in 44.4% of the patients with ST- elevation myocardial infarction. Hospital mortality was 14.3%. Conclusion Acute coronary syndrome is present in young Sub-Saharan Africans. The main risk factor found was smoking.

IntroductionLe syndrome cardio-rénal (SCR) est un trouble physiopathologique du cœur et des reins dans lequel une dysfonction chronique ou aiguë de l’un peut induire une dysfonction chronique ou aiguë de l’autre. En Afrique et au Sénégal en particulier l’incidence du syndrome cardio-rénal est mal connue. L’objectif de cette étude était d’apprécier la prévalence du SCR en milieu cardiologique.MéthodesNous avons mené une étude rétrospective incluant tous les insuffisants cardiaques ayant une altération de leur fonction rénale et hospitalisés entre avril 2010 et avril 2011 au service de cardiologie. Les données étaient analysées avec le logiciel statistique Epi-info 3.5.3.RésultatsNous avons inclus 36 patients. La prévalence était de 3,7% avec une prédominance masculine (sex-ratio à 1,77) et un âge moyen à 56,9 ans [30-92]. Les antécédents étaient dominés par l’hypertension artérielle (52,77%) et le diabète (19,4%). Les principales étiologies étaient la cardiomyopathie hypertensive (39%) et l’insuffisance coronarienne (19,44%). La symptomatologie était dominée par la dyspnée (69,4%) et les œdèmes (50%). On notait une anémie (17 patients). La clairance moyenne (MDRD) à 46 ml/min. L’échocardiographie Doppler retrouvait majoritairement des troubles de la cinétique (89,3%), une dysfonction systolique VG (71%). Les 3 échographies rénales étaient normales. Six décès (16,7 %) étaient notés.ConclusionLe syndrome cardio-rénal est une réalité et marque un tournant dans l’évolution de toute cardiopathie et néphropathie. Sa prévalence en milieu cardiologique sénégalais est faible. Des études prospectives et multicentriques sont nécessaires pour une meilleure évaluation au Sénégal.