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Background: Caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has put frontline healthcare workers in Bahrain at risk of burnout and depression. Aims: To determine the prevalence of burnout, depression, and associated risk factors among frontline healthcare workers in Bahrain during the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to April 2021. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were administered online to 431 healthcare workers in COVID-19 treatment and quarantine facilities. Results: Almost all participants reported some degree of burnout across all three subscales: emotional exhaustion (98.8%), depersonalization (94%) and lack of personal achievement (47.9%). Moderate to severe levels of burnout were observed across the domains of emotional exhaustion (47.2%) and depersonalization (39.5%). Over half of the participants reported depressive symptoms (56.8%) and a quarter recorded moderate to severe levels of depression (20.6%). Statistically significant correlations were observed between burnout and depression. Conclusion: Frontline healthcare workers in Bahrain reported moderate to severe levels of burnout and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Single female doctors aged 25 to 34 years, who worked with COVID-19 patients, were more likely to report burnout. Age, nationality, profession, and work experience were the most significant determinants of burnout. Those who reported burnout also reported feeling depressed.