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The remarkable advancements in technology have affected the way people engage, work, and learn. Digital literacy, also known as virtual learning, has the potential to improve lifelong learning. Workplace skills evolve at such a rapid pace that no school system can keep up with the continual need to alter how we work and live. Most crucially, our society's profound changes require young people to acquire new abilities. Malaysia has a long-term vision that calls for sustainable and productivity-driven growth that can only be accomplished with digitally literate employees. Although to some extent Malaysia education system has been initiating, there is very limited research that focuses on what drives digital literacy. There is no proper framework or guidelines that can be used as a blueprint to prepare the young graduates in the 21st-century workforce. The purpose of the study is to examine the drivers of digital literacy that can be taught in higher institutions and apply in today's digital workplace. This research focused on young adults as a unit of analysis and a quantitative method was used to collect the data. A total of 300 young individuals responded through self-administered questionnaires. The finding of the research showed that critical skills, operational skills, visual learning style, collaborative learning style and learning system enhance digital literacy. Finding further recommend that digital literacy improve both academic performance and employability. From this research, solutions can be proposed to both academicians and employers in achieving the digital literate graduates for the 21st-century workforce.

Recent advances in the field of natural language processing has improved state-of-the-art performances on many tasks including question answering for languages like English. Bengali language is ranked seventh and is spoken by about 300 million people all over the world. But due to lack of data and active research on QA similar progress has not been achieved for Bengali. Unlike English, there is no benchmark large scale QA dataset collected for Bengali, no pretrained language model that can be modified for Bengali question answering and no human baseline score for QA has been established either. In this work we use state-of-the-art transformer models to train QA system on a synthetic reading comprehension dataset translated from one of the most popular benchmark datasets in English called SQuAD 2.0. We collect a smaller human annotated QA dataset from Bengali Wikipedia with popular topics from Bangladeshi culture for evaluating our models. Finally, we compare our models with human children to set up a benchmark score using survey experiments.

The study leveraged the Technology-Organization-Environment theory to examine the serial mediation roles of technology readiness and digital culture of how employees’ behavioral intention to use AI influences organizational efficiency in an emerging economy. Data obtained from 347 employees in the Ghanaian financial services sector were analyzed using both SPSS version 23 and partial least squares structural equation modeling in SmartPLS version 4.1.1.2. The study’s findings revealed that Employees’ behavioural intention to Use AI significantly influences organizational efficiency, digital culture, and technology readiness. Furthermore, the findings indicated that both digital culture and technology readiness have a significant influence on organizational efficiency. Additionally, the study identified a significant impact of technology readiness on digital culture. Furthermore, digital culture and technology readiness were found to be partial mediators in the relationship between employees’ behavioral intention to use AI and organizational efficiency. Finally, the study confirmed the serial mediation roles of digital culture and technology readiness in the relationship between employees’ behavioral intention to use AI and organizational efficiency. The study offers both theoretical enhancement and practical guidance for digital transformation efforts in resource-constrained environments. It underscores the necessity of employing sequenced technology alongside competence development and promotes a more context-sensitive and holistic strategy for managing AI-driven transformation in emerging economies.

Purpose – This study aims to identify the factors that influence Malaysian non-Muslim consumers’ perception towards buying halal food products. Design/methodology/approach – A structured close-ended questionnaire was used for data collection through a random distribution to 500 non-Muslim consumers from various states in Malaysia. Findings – Using SPSS package, the factor analysis was able to identify three main variables. Later, the hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling. This study has indicated that the perception of non-Muslim consumers about halal food products is influenced by their attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control, specifically in the context of Malaysia. Research limitations/implications – This finding will help both the academics and the industry food makers in understanding the perception of non-Muslim consumers towards the concept of halal food products. Practical implications – The outcome of the study can serve as a useful reference to relevant Malaysian statutory bodies on the current perception of the Malaysian non-Muslim consumers towards Malaysian halal agenda. This will also help the industry food makers to serve their customers better as well as maximize their profit through a well-planned marketing campaign. Social implications – It prepares a sound basis for Malaysian policymakers to promote the involvement of Malaysian non-Muslim entrepreneurs within the halal food service industry with the intent of improving the socio-economic strata of its participants and, at the same time, fulfilling their religious obligations in providing halal foods for fellow Muslims. Originality/value – Because very few researches have studied non-Muslim consumers’ perception towards halal food products, the development of halal food theory will help in capitalizing the practices in non-Muslim countries.

Tourism, combined with the phrase medical, seems to be a new form of tourism which has gained huge popularity in recent decades. Though, a number of literatures available with regard to the tourism industry and the competitiveness of the destination, however, the major aspects which determine the satisfaction of medical tourists are hardly focused specifically on Malaysia. There is a lack of empirical evidence in this area of study which needs to be bridged. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the various factors contributing towards the development of medical tourism in Malaysia. As the purpose of the research was to find out various factors contributing towards the development of medical tourism in Malaysia, so this study used Structural Equation modeling (SEM) for data analysis. The target population for this study consisted of the medical tourists coming to Malaysia with the primary intension of seeking medical procedures other than sightseeing. A total sample size of 266 was collected through non-probability judgment sampling during the period between December 2012 and February 2013. The result confirms that destination competitiveness and service quality play an important role in the medical tourist's mind towards medical tourism aspect in Malaysia. Thus, Malaysia need to promote various medical success stories together with the services they offer to attract more foreign patients. This study contributes to the theoretical development in the tourism industry by offering the structured relationship among various aspects contributing towards the development of medical tourism in Malaysia.

Sustainability has become a significant concern in the tourism and hospitality industries. There is an increasing emphasis on how a company’s operations and employees influence customer experiences and value. This study employed the Social Exchange Theory to investigate the impact of sustainability-oriented practices on customer-perceived values, with pro-environmental work behavior serving as a mediator. Data obtained from employees in the tourism and hospitality sector in Ghana were analyzed using Harman’s single factor test in SPSS version 24 and partial least squares structural equation model in SMARTPLS version 4. The study revealed that sustainability-oriented practices significantly enhance both perceived customer values and pro-environmental work behavior. Further, pro-environmental work behavior was found to have a significant influence on customer-perceived values. Finally, the study revealed that pro-environmental work behavior partially mediated the positive relationship between sustainability-oriented practices and customer-perceived values. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating employee-driven environmental behaviors into sustainability initiatives, offering both theoretical insights through the Social Exchange Theory and practical guidance for enhancing customer value in the hospitality industry.

This study investigates the factors influencing the intention to humanize business practices among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Drawing upon the Theory of Planned Behavior, four key factors were examined: attitude toward humanizing business practices, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and human practice knowledge. A quantitative research approach was employed, with data collected through self-administered questionnaires distributed to 250 SME owners and managers in the Klang Valley region. The results, analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), revealed that all four factors significantly influenced the intention to humanize business practices among SMEs. Specifically, perceived behavioral control emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by attitude, human practice knowledge, and subjective norms. The findings underscore the importance of fostering positive attitudes, leveraging social influences, enhancing perceived control, and promoting knowledge of humane practices to facilitate the adoption of human-centered approaches in SME business operations. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the drivers influencing the intention to humanize business practices and provides practical insights for policymakers and SME stakeholders in promoting sustainable and ethical business practices.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between early-career employees' emotional exhaustion and turnover intention in the information technology sector. Given the scarce empirical evidence on how turnover intention and emotional exhaustion can be reduced among early-career employees, ethical leadership was investigated as a mediator in this relationship based on the Social Exchange Theory (SET). Furthermore, using the Conservation of Resource Theory (COR), this study sought to understand the moderating role of a specific organizational ethical climate (i.e. self-interest climate) in the relationships among emotional exhaustion, ethical leadership, and turnover intention. Data was collected using convenience sampling from 243 early-career employees working in small and medium enterprises in the information technology sector. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that early-career employees' emotional exhaustion significantly increases their turnover intention. This effect was found to be mediated by low ethical leadership and moderated by the self-interest ethical climate. However, the findings did not support the moderating effect of the self-interest ethical climate on the relationship between ethical leadership and employees' turnover intention. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on COR and SET by incorporating the antecedents of turnover intention, which have a significant impact on employees' decision-making regarding withdrawal. Additionally, the study addresses the underexplored topic of specific ethical climates and their effects on employees. By examining how a key antecedent of turnover intention operates within an organizational self-interest ethical climate, this paper advances our understanding of this complex phenomenon. A discussion of the study's limitations and suggestions for future research conclude the paper.

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) can improve organizational effectiveness. Individual altruism and commitment to the organization are at the core of OCB. This study aimed to examine the impact of organizational commitment and demographic factors on OCB in the Malaysian financial sector. The cross-sectional study targeted 280 employees from diverse backgrounds and positions across banking and non-banking financial institutions following conventional as well as Islamic Sharia principles in Malaysia. The respondents include individuals from management levels (upper management, middle management, non-management) and divisions (finance, operations, retail/corporate banking, and others). Data analysis included multiple regression analysis and ANOVA. The findings reveal a complex interaction where organizational and normative commitment do not significantly predict OCB, while affective commitment shows a significant positive correlation with OCB. The study revealed that employees with higher emotional attachment to their organization exhibit more OCB (r = 0.155, p < 0.009). In addition, demographic factors, such as education (r = 0.025, p < 0.067), age (r = 0017, p < 0.003), tenure (r = 0.107, p < 0.003), and management level (r = 0.17, p < 0.004) emerge as positive influencers of OCB. Thus, higher education levels, older employees, longer tenure, and managerial positions are linked to higher levels of OCB. At the same time, no significant gender-based differences are observed in employees’ OCB. The findings imply that organizations should emphasize building emotional connections with employees through supportive leadership and a positive work environment to enhance organizational effectiveness.

Environmental protection is a heavily debated topic along with development. Uncontrolled development will sacrifice our environmental and causing issues such as pollution, land slide, flash flood, etc. The objective of this study is to understand drivers of the implementation of environmental protection strategy among industries in Malaysia. Questionnaire was designed and tested with 130 Malaysian organizations. The framework consisted of independent variables such as Client’s Requirement, Corporate Social Responsibility, Government Grants and Subsidy versus the dependent variable Environmental Protection Strategy. From the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), it was found out that only client’s requirement and corporate social responsibility are relevant towards implementation of environmental protection strategy. One of the important findings is that government regulation is no longer a mandatory driver for organizations to implement environmental protection strategy. This could be a positive sign that organizations are working the self-regulatory direction than instrumental enforcement. This is in par with department of environment’s latest focus to implement guided self-regulation through environmental mainstreaming tools. The outcome of the study can help the policy makers, regulatory bodies,, and non-government organizations (NGOs) to shape their direction to form strategies that are most effective.