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Lead (Pb) is toxic to the development and growth of rice plants. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been considered one of the efficient remediation techniques to mitigate Pb stress in plants. Therefore, a study was carried out to examine the underlying mechanism of iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) nanoparticle-induced Pb toxicity alleviation in rice seedlings. Si–NPs (2.5 mM) and Fe-NPs (25 mg L −1 ) were applied alone and in combination to rice plants grown without (control; no Pb stress) and with (100 µM) Pb concentration. Our results revealed that Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%). Moreover, a substantial amount of Pb was translocated to the above-ground parts of plants, which caused a disturbance in the antioxidative enzyme activities. However, the synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPs reduced the Pb contents in the upper part of plants by 27%. It reduced the lethal impact of Pb on roots and shoots growth parameters by increasing shoot length (40%), shoot fresh weight (48%), and roots fresh weight (31%). Both Si and Fe–NPs synergistic application significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations by 114%, 186%, 135%, and 151%, respectively, compared to plants subjected to Pb stress alone. The toxicity of Pb resulted in several cellular abnormalities and altered the expression levels of metal transporters and antioxidant genes. We conclude that the synergistic application of Si and Fe-NPs can be deemed favorable, environmentally promising, and cost-effective for reducing Pb deadliness in rice crops and reclaiming Pb-polluted soils.

Background Arsenic (As) stress severely impairs plant growth and physiology, resulting in diminished crop quality and yield. Nitric oxide (NO) has been found to alleviate heavy metal toxicity effectively. This study aims to examine how NO donor sodium nitroprusside (50 µM) in conjunction with different arsenic levels (10 µM and 25 µM) affect the growth of diploid and autotetraploid rice. Results When exposed to As (25 µM), diploid rice showed reductions in root length (29.71%), shoot length (33.40%), fresh root weight (83.62%), and fresh shoot weight (79.06%), whereas tetraploid rice showed reductions by 18.58%, 18.46%, 60.00%, and 54.19% of the control, respectively. Notably, tetraploid rice absorbed less As than diploid rice. NO application mitigated As toxicity, particularly at As (10 µM), while showing weaker effects at As (25 µM). Chlorophyll contents, i.e., a, b, and carotenoids, decreased significantly under As stress, whereas NO application elevated chlorophyll levels. Due to toxicity, the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) were lower in diploids than in tetraploid, while H 2 O 2 and MDA levels increased, with tetraploid increasing by 0.77-fold and 0.96-fold, and diploid by 1.71-fold and 1.36-fold, respectively. The NO effect was more pronounced in tetraploid rice, particularly in non-enzymatic (GSH), and oxidative stress indicators (H 2 O 2 and MDA). Gene expression analysis confirmed differences between rice types, including OsSOD , OsPOD , OsCAT , and GSH ( OsGSTU5 ) genes, as well as higher expression of As transporters ( OsHAC1 , OsLsi2 , and OsABCC1 ) in diploid rice. Semi-thin sectioning, confocal laser scanning, and transmission electron microscopy observations highlighted distinct structural variations under arsenic stress. Conclusions In brief, tetraploid rice exhibited greater As tolerance than diploid rice, with NO proving effective in regulating physiological and biochemical processes and mitigating As toxicity.

Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench) plays a significant role in humans nutrition because its fresh leaves, stems, flowers, pods and seeds, are used for multiple purposes. The present study attempted to determine the spatial variations in biochemical attributes of osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system of okra plants. Samples of soil and okra plants (leaves and fruits) were collected from three different locations: Faisalabad region-1 (7 JB-I), Faisalabad region-2 (7 JB-II) and Pindi Bhattian. Chlorophyll contents, glycine betaine (GB), ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were analyzed in the leaves and fruits of okra plants. Soil analyses showed that pH, electrical conductivity (EC), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and saturation of soil were higher in Faisalabad region 2, while organic matter, sand, Zn, and Cu were higher in the Pindi Bhattian region. The results from okra leaves showed that Pindi Bhattian had higher chlorophyll a , GB and H 2 O 2 contents, while Faisalabad region 1 had a higher ratio of chlorophyll a / b compared to the other regions. However, Faisalabad regions 2 and 1 had higher leaf phenolic contents, Faisalabad regions 1 and 2 showed higher leaf proline contents, and Faisalabad region 2 possessed higher AsA and MDA contents. Analyses of okra fruits showed that Faisalabad region 2 had higher chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents, while Faisalabad region 1 had higher chlorophyll b contents. Faisalabad region 2 and Pindi Bhattian had higher ratios of chlorophyll a / b , and Faisalabad region 1 showed higher phenolic, AsA, H 2 O 2 , and MDA contents of okra fruit, whereas the Faisalabad regions exhibited higher proline and GB contents than the Pindi Bhattian region. Overall, okra leaves and fruits showed better responses in the Faisalabad regions, and these results may be used to screen for okra cultivars with better tolerance under different environmental conditions.

To the best of our knowledge, Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) bacteremia has never been documented in Pakistan. This case report is the first reported case of bacteremia in an infant due to NOVC in Pakistan. A neonate was admitted to a hospital with fever and no history of diarrhea. The isolate was identified biochemically and serologically and was sensitive to all the drugs tested as per CLSI 2014 guidelines.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench) plays a significant role in humans nutrition because its fresh leaves, stems, flowers, pods and seeds, are used for multiple purposes. The present study attempted to determine the spatial variations in biochemical attributes of osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system of okra plants. Samples of soil and okra plants (leaves and fruits) were collected from three different locations: Faisalabad region-1 (7 JB-I), Faisalabad region-2 (7 JB-II) and Pindi Bhattian. Chlorophyll contents, glycine betaine (GB), ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were analyzed in the leaves and fruits of okra plants. Soil analyses showed that pH, electrical conductivity (EC), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and saturation of soil were higher in Faisalabad region 2, while organic matter, sand, Zn, and Cu were higher in the Pindi Bhattian region. The results from okra leaves showed that Pindi Bhattian had higher chlorophyll a, GB and H2O2 contents, while Faisalabad region 1 had a higher ratio of chlorophyll a/b compared to the other regions. However, Faisalabad regions 2 and 1 had higher leaf phenolic contents, Faisalabad regions 1 and 2 showed higher leaf proline contents, and Faisalabad region 2 possessed higher AsA and MDA contents. Analyses of okra fruits showed that Faisalabad region 2 had higher chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents, while Faisalabad region 1 had higher chlorophyll b contents. Faisalabad region 2 and Pindi Bhattian had higher ratios of chlorophyll a/b, and Faisalabad region 1 showed higher phenolic, AsA, H2O2, and MDA contents of okra fruit, whereas the Faisalabad regions exhibited higher proline and GB contents than the Pindi Bhattian region. Overall, okra leaves and fruits showed better responses in the Faisalabad regions, and these results may be used to screen for okra cultivars with better tolerance under different environmental conditions.Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench) plays a significant role in humans nutrition because its fresh leaves, stems, flowers, pods and seeds, are used for multiple purposes. The present study attempted to determine the spatial variations in biochemical attributes of osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system of okra plants. Samples of soil and okra plants (leaves and fruits) were collected from three different locations: Faisalabad region-1 (7 JB-I), Faisalabad region-2 (7 JB-II) and Pindi Bhattian. Chlorophyll contents, glycine betaine (GB), ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were analyzed in the leaves and fruits of okra plants. Soil analyses showed that pH, electrical conductivity (EC), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and saturation of soil were higher in Faisalabad region 2, while organic matter, sand, Zn, and Cu were higher in the Pindi Bhattian region. The results from okra leaves showed that Pindi Bhattian had higher chlorophyll a, GB and H2O2 contents, while Faisalabad region 1 had a higher ratio of chlorophyll a/b compared to the other regions. However, Faisalabad regions 2 and 1 had higher leaf phenolic contents, Faisalabad regions 1 and 2 showed higher leaf proline contents, and Faisalabad region 2 possessed higher AsA and MDA contents. Analyses of okra fruits showed that Faisalabad region 2 had higher chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents, while Faisalabad region 1 had higher chlorophyll b contents. Faisalabad region 2 and Pindi Bhattian had higher ratios of chlorophyll a/b, and Faisalabad region 1 showed higher phenolic, AsA, H2O2, and MDA contents of okra fruit, whereas the Faisalabad regions exhibited higher proline and GB contents than the Pindi Bhattian region. Overall, okra leaves and fruits showed better responses in the Faisalabad regions, and these results may be used to screen for okra cultivars with better tolerance under different environmental conditions.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench) plays a significant role in humans nutrition because its fresh leaves, stems, flowers, pods and seeds, are used for multiple purposes. The present study attempted to determine the spatial variations in biochemical attributes of osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system of okra plants. Samples of soil and okra plants (leaves and fruits) were collected from three different locations: Faisalabad region-1 (7 JB-I), Faisalabad region-2 (7 JB-II) and Pindi Bhattian. Chlorophyll contents, glycine betaine (GB), ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2 ), proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were analyzed in the leaves and fruits of okra plants. Soil analyses showed that pH, electrical conductivity (EC), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and saturation of soil were higher in Faisalabad region 2, while organic matter, sand, Zn, and Cu were higher in the Pindi Bhattian region. The results from okra leaves showed that Pindi Bhattian had higher chlorophyll a, GB and H.sub.2 O.sub.2 contents, while Faisalabad region 1 had a higher ratio of chlorophyll a/b compared to the other regions. However, Faisalabad regions 2 and 1 had higher leaf phenolic contents, Faisalabad regions 1 and 2 showed higher leaf proline contents, and Faisalabad region 2 possessed higher AsA and MDA contents. Analyses of okra fruits showed that Faisalabad region 2 had higher chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents, while Faisalabad region 1 had higher chlorophyll b contents. Faisalabad region 2 and Pindi Bhattian had higher ratios of chlorophyll a/b, and Faisalabad region 1 showed higher phenolic, AsA, H.sub.2 O.sub.2, and MDA contents of okra fruit, whereas the Faisalabad regions exhibited higher proline and GB contents than the Pindi Bhattian region. Overall, okra leaves and fruits showed better responses in the Faisalabad regions, and these results may be used to screen for okra cultivars with better tolerance under different environmental conditions.

Traffic congestion, accidents, and pollution are becoming a challenge for researchers. It is essential to develop new ideas to solve these problems, either by improving the infrastructure or applying the latest technology to use the existing infrastructure better. This research paper presents a high-resolution dataset that will help the research community to apply AI techniques to classify any emergency vehicle from traffic and road noises. Demand for such datasets is high as they can control traffic flow and reduce traffic congestion. It also improves emergency response time, especially for fire and health events. This work collects audio data using different methods, and pre-processed them  to develop a high-quality and clean dataset. The dataset is divided into two labelled classes one for emergency vehicle sirens and one for traffic noises. The developed dataset offers high quality and range of real-world traffic sounds and emergency vehicle sirens. The technical validity of the dataset is also established. Measurement(s) Ambulance Siren and Road Noises. (Recordings) Technology Type(s) Microphone Sample Characteristic - Environment Roads Sample Characteristic - Location Pakistan

Cervical cancer accounts for most deaths due to cancer in women, majorly in developing nations. The culprit behind this disease is the human papillomavirus (HPV) which accounts for more than 90% of cervical cancer cases. The viral strains produce proteins that favor the knocking down of the apoptosis process and continuous growth of cells in the cervix leading to tumor growth. Proangiogenic growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietins, and other endothelial growth factors (EGF), are secreted by tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment, which further advances the development of cancer. The extracellular domain of receptor tyrosine kinases is employed by ligands (like VEGF and EGF) to engage and activate them by inducing receptor dimerization, which facilitates the cascade impact of these factors. The tyrosine kinase domains of each receptor autophosphorylate each other, activating the receptor and initiating signaling cascades that promote angiogenesis, migration, proliferation, and survival of endothelial cells. Cancer cells benefit from its modified signaling pathways, which cause oncogenic activation. Upon early cervical cancer detection, the second-line therapy strategy involves blocking the signaling pathways with VEGF and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This review paper highlights the genesis of cervical cancer and combating it using VEGF and tyrosine kinase inhibitors by delving into the details of the currently available inhibitors. Further, we have discussed the inhibitor molecules that are currently in various phases of clinical trials. This paper will surely enhance the understanding of cervical cancer and its treatment approaches and what further interventions can be done to alleviate the disease currently serving as a major health burden in the developing world. Graphical abstract

Image processing-based artificial intelligence algorithm is a critical task, and the implementation requires a careful examination for the selection of the algorithm and the processing unit. With the advancement of technology, researchers have developed many algorithms to achieve high accuracy at minimum processing requirements. On the other hand, cost-effective high-end graphical processing units (GPUs) are now available to handle complex processing tasks. However, the optimum configurations of the various deep learning algorithms implemented on GPUs are yet to be investigated. In this proposed work, we have tested a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based on You Only Look Once (YOLO) variants on NVIDIA Jetson Xavier to identify compatibility between the GPU and the YOLO models. Furthermore, the performance of the YOLOv3, YOLOv3-tiny, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5s models is evaluated during the training using our PowerEdge Dell R740 Server. We have successfully demonstrated that YOLOV5s is a good benchmark for object detection, classification, and traffic congestion using the Jetson Xavier GPU board. The YOLOv5s achieved an average precision of 95.9% among all YOLO variants and the highest success rate achieved is 98.89.