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We used acoustic telemetry to track nine Japanese spiny lobsters Panulirus japonicus (carapace length = 70.5–105.5 mm) in the East China Sea examining their spatiotemporal movement patterns and assessing how environmental factors affect these patterns. Accelerometer-equipped acoustic transmitters were applied to track the lobsters’ fine-scale movements, together with environmental data, over a 58-day period. The individual positions of the lobsters were determined using a hyperbolic positioning system, and their home ranges, calculated via the minimum convex polygon method, showed remarkable variability among individuals. Movement patterns exhibited both “homing” and “nomadic” movements, commonly observed in related lobster species, and the observed variability in home range sizes likely reflects these movement patterns. Analysis of temporal activity patterns, based on standardized detection frequencies and acceleration values, indicated nocturnal activity with fluctuations over time. Generalized linear mixed models showed that lobster activity was negatively associated with moon phase, and positively associated with water temperature, tidal currents, and wind speed. These findings suggest that the catchability of Japanese spiny lobster in gillnet fishing may be affected by both movement patterns and environmental factors.