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The health promotion settings approach has been recognised as an effective method of health promotion in the recent era, and mobile health (mHealth) is a highly evolving field in the health sector. The health promotion settings are shifting the focus away from the individuals and moving towards a more holistic model of health promotion. We identified five settings in Sri Lanka to promote a mHealth model, including villages, schools, preschools, workplaces, and hospitals. The specified model using mHealth helps monitor the activities at various levels of healthcare, including regional, district and national levels. The model also maps the location of the healthy settings, which provide a visual picture to the policymakers, helpful in planning and decision-making.

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine preoperative patients’ characteristics associated with the urinary diversion (UD) type (continent vs. incontinent) after radical cystectomy (RC) and UD-associated postoperative complications. Materials In 2011, 679 bladder cancer patients underwent RC at 18 European tertiary care centers. Data were prospectively collected within the ‘ PRO spective M ultic E n T er R ad I cal C ystectomy S eries 2011’ (PROMETRICS 2011). Logistic regression models assessed the impact of preoperative characteristics on UD type and evaluated diversion-related complication rates. Results Of 570 eligible patients, 28.8, 2.6, 59.3, and 9.3 % received orthotopic neobladders, continent cutaneous pouches, ileal conduits, and ureterocutaneostomies, respectively. In multivariable analyses, female sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.9; p   =  0.002), American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3 (OR 2.3; p   =  0.02), an age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥3 (OR 4.1; p   <  0.001), and a positive biopsy of the prostatic urethra in the last transurethral resection of the bladder prior to RC (OR 4.9; p   =  0.03) were independently associated with incontinent UD. There were no significant differences in 30- and/or 90-day complication rates between the UD types. Perioperative transfusion rates and 90-day mortality were significantly associated with incontinent UD ( p   <  0.001, respectively). Limitations included the small sample size and a certain level of heterogeneity in the application of clinical pathways between the different participating centers. Conclusions Within this prospective contemporary cohort of European RC patients treated at tertiary care centers, the majority of patients received an incontinent UD. Female sex and pre-existing comorbidities were associated with receiving an incontinent UD. The risk of overall complications did not vary according to UD type.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in Sri Lanka. Studies on vector aspects, although important for better understanding of disease transmission dynamics, are still limited. The present study describes the species distribution and behavioral patterns of sandflies within selected disease-prevalent zones in the country. Adult sandflies were collected from several field sites over a two-year duration in Sri Lanka using cattle-baited net traps, CDC light traps and manual methods. Species identification was performed using standard keys. Leishmania donovani and source of blood meal in blood-fed female sandflies DNA were identified using PCR-based methods. Aggregation period of adult sandflies during overnight collections was also noted. The collected sandflies were identified as Phlebotomus argentipes glaucus (previously known as morphospecies A) and a non-vector species, Sergentomyia zeylanica. Presence of L. donovani DNA was found in 2/634 female sandflies. The parasite ITS1 region of SSU rDNA had 99% sequence similarity with L. donovani from Bangladesh and India. The peak aggregation period of sandflies within cattle-traps was between 8:00 PM to 11:00 PM, indicating that vector control strategies could be conducted during this time period. As Sergentomyia zeylanica is likely to be merely a biting nuisance and showed more of an anthropophilic behavior, whereas the probable vector of CL in Sri Lanka (P. argentipes glaucus) demonstrated zoophilic behavior, has implications for the planning of future vector control strategies.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260952.].