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The main objective of this study is to investigate the mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), destructive deviant behaviors (DDB), constructive deviant behaviors (CDB), and workaholism (WA) in the relationship between work ethic (WE) and the productivity of engineering students. Another objective is to present a comprehensive holistic model of relationships of these organizational behaviors (OB), attitudes, and work ethic with the productivity. Structure equation modeling (SEM) and Hayes’ processes are used to analyze the hypothesized model. Data were randomly collected from 400 participants from the universities of Pakistan. The overall assessment of the model showed that WE indirectly effects productivity through mediating variables (OCB, DDB, CDB, WA). One of the implications of this finding is that education practitioners/planners should promote work ethic (considered essential for sustainable management practices by contemporary researchers also) among engineering students. This ethic will be reflected in students’ behaviors (enhanced positive behaviors/attitudes, i.e., OCB, CDB, and WA, and reduced negative behaviors i.e., DDB) which will in turn improve their productivity. The originality of this research lies in it being the first to explore the indirect effect of Islamic work ethic (IWE) on individuals’ productivity through OCB, DDB, CDB, and WA.

The retail industry is a pioneer in developing new supply chain practices arising from the fact that the environment is characterized by intense competition and the need to achieve supply chain cost savings. An initiative launched by the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce and Standards Committee (VICS) introduced a concept known as the Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR). The objective is to integrate business and supply chain processes and provide better visibility and create and effective supply chains. This research develops a CPFR Readiness Assessment Model, which enables organizations to understand their readiness in implementing CPFR. This model can provide an initial assessment of the supply chain and propose development initiatives that will assist organizations to move towards a more effective CPFR process. Through identification of key CPFR activities, the model enables organizations to view the required tasks for executing an effective CPFR process. It also provides an insight into the level of commitment required and the specialization necessary to advance through the various stages of CPFR. Furthermore, the model also suggests a 'Path-of-Progress' to guide organizations through a systematic CPFR development process through proper utilization of resources.

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC), being more prevalent in developing countries due to the intake of chewable tobacco, is treatable if patients present at an early stage. According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer, T4b disease is termed inoperable and treated with palliative intent. However, with the passage of time, these have been operated on, with comparable disease-free survival rates with T4a disease. On radiological investigation, the mandibular notch is a structure dividing the infratemporal fossa into two. The objective is to determine the frequency of supra-notch and infra-notch T4b OSCC tumours and to compare them with surgeons' perspective in terms of operability. T4b staged patients of OCSCC were retrospectively reviewed along with the computed tomography (CT) scans to term them as infra-notch and supra-notch cases. They were then reviewed by two surgeons for surgical intervention as the treatment option and these two decisions were evaluated for agreement. Of the 51 patients included, 36 were primary for buccal mucosa. According to the radiologist, 30 were infra-notch and the remaining 21 were supra-notch diseases. The first surgeon deemed 33 cases as operable and 18 as inoperable, whereas the second surgeon labelled 30 as operable and 21 as inoperable. For infra-notch cases, the first surgeon's opinion was operability in 27 and the second surgeon's opinion was operability in 24 cases. For supra-notch cases, the results were similar as both deemed 71.4% as inoperable i.e., 15 out of 21 patients. The agreement between radiologist and first surgeon, analysed by Cohen's Kappa, was 0.514, which is a moderate agreement, and between radiologist and second surgeon was 0.628, which shows substantial agreement. Therefore, we conclude that mandibular notch can be used as a landmark to classify supra-notch and infra-notch tumours. Supra-notch tumours are most likely inoperable.