Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
381
result(s) for
"Savage, Nicholas"
Sort by:
Burlington House : home of the Royal Academy of Arts
On Charles II's restoration to the throne in 1660, four of his supporters were provided with plots of land in a leafy suburb of 0London, on which to build their extravagant town palaces. The only one to survive - built for the poet and courtier Sir John 0Denham (1615-1669) and now situated in the heart of Piccadilly - became the home of the Royal Academy of Arts, its exhibitions and its Schools. This important study charts the history of the estate through its many owners, including the 3rd Earl of Burlington (1694-1753), who gave the house not only its name but also its distinctive and influential architecture. In his day, the house was host to leading scholars and celebrities, who met within Burlington's cutting-edge creation, which remains an unparalleled example of the Palladian style in England. Nicholas Savage's meticulous research examines 350 years of social and architectural history, as well as revealing the next phase in the life of the estate, as the Royal Academy opens up Burlington House as never before in an exciting redevelopment led by Sir David Chipperfield CBE RA to celebrate the institution's 250th anniversary.
Book
Description and evaluation of the UKCA stratosphere–troposphere chemistry scheme (StratTrop vn 1.0) implemented in UKESM1
Here we present a description of the UKCA StratTrop chemical mechanism, which is used in the UKESM1 Earth system model for CMIP6. The StratTrop chemical mechanism is a merger of previously well-evaluated tropospheric and stratospheric mechanisms, and we provide results from a series of bespoke integrations to assess the overall performance of the model.We find that the StratTrop scheme performs well when compared to a wide array of observations. The analysis we present here focuses on key components of atmospheric composition, namely the performance of the model to simulate ozone in the stratosphere and troposphere and constituents that are important for ozone in these regions. We find that the results obtained for tropospheric ozone and its budget terms from the use of the StratTrop mechanism are sensitive to the host model; simulations with the same chemical mechanism run in an earlier version of the MetUM host model show a range of sensitivity to emissions that the current model does not fall within.Whilst the general model performance is suitable for use in the UKESM1 CMIP6 integrations, we note some shortcomings in the scheme that future targeted studies will address.
Journal Article
A description and evaluation of an air quality model nested within global and regional composition-climate models using MetUM
There is a clear need for the development of modelling frameworks for both climate change and air quality to help inform policies for addressing these issues simultaneously. This paper presents an initial attempt to develop a single modelling framework, by introducing a greater degree of consistency in the meteorological modelling framework by using a two-step, one-way nested configuration of models, from a global composition-climate model (GCCM) (140 km resolution) to a regional composition-climate model covering Europe (RCCM) (50 km resolution) and finally to a high (12 km) resolution model over the UK (AQUM). The latter model is used to produce routine air quality forecasts for the UK. All three models are based on the Met Office's Unified Model (MetUM). In order to better understand the impact of resolution on the downscaling of projections of future climate and air quality, we have used this nest of models to simulate a 5-year period using present-day emissions and under present-day climate conditions. We also consider the impact of running the higher-resolution model with higher spatial resolution emissions, rather than simply regridding emissions from the RCCM. We present an evaluation of the models compared to in situ air quality observations over the UK, plus a comparison against an independent 1 km resolution gridded dataset, derived from a combination of modelling and observations, effectively producing an analysis of annual mean surface pollutant concentrations. We show that using a high-resolution model over the UK has some benefits in improving air quality modelling, but that the use of higher spatial resolution emissions is important to capture local variations in concentrations, particularly for primary pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. For secondary pollutants such as ozone and the secondary component of PM10, the benefits of a higher-resolution nested model are more limited and reasons for this are discussed. This study highlights the point that the resolution of models is not the only factor in determining model performance – consistency between nested models is also important.
Journal Article
Tropical cyclone simulations over Bangladesh at convection permitting 4.4 km & 1.5 km resolution
High resolution simulations at 4.4 km and 1.5 km resolution have been performed for 12 historical tropical cyclones impacting Bangladesh. We use the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting 5
th
generation Re-Analysis (ERA5) to provide a 9-member ensemble of initial and boundary conditions for the regional configuration of the Met Office Unified Model. The simulations are compared to the original ERA5 data and the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) tropical cyclone database for wind speed, gust speed and mean sea-level pressure. The 4.4 km simulations show a typical increase in peak gust speed of 41 to 118 knots relative to ERA5, and a deepening of minimum mean sea-level pressure of up to −27 hPa, relative to ERA5 and IBTrACS data. The downscaled simulations compare more favourably with IBTrACS data than the ERA5 data suggesting tropical cyclone hazards in the ERA5 deterministic output may be underestimated. The dataset is freely available from
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3600201
.
Measurement(s)
atmospheric wind speed • wind speed of gust • temperature of air • humidity • geopotential height • water-based rainfall • snowfall • pressure of air • air pressure at sea level • wet bulb potential temperature • net down surface SW flux • surface downwelling SW flux in air
Technology Type(s)
computational modeling technique
Factor Type(s)
spatial resolution: 4.4 km & 1.5 km
Sample Characteristic - Environment
atmospheric weather • atmospheric boundary layer • cyclone
Sample Characteristic - Location
Bangladesh • South Asia
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data:
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13560560
Journal Article
Valley formation aridifies East Africa and elevates Congo Basin rainfall
East African aridification during the past 8 million years is frequently invoked as a driver of large-scale shifts in vegetation
1
and the evolution of new animal lineages, including hominins
2
–
4
. However, evidence for increasing aridity is debated
5
and, crucially, the mechanisms leading to dry conditions are unclear
6
. Here, numerical model experiments show that valleys punctuating the 6,000-km-long East African Rift System (EARS) are central to the development of dry conditions in East Africa. These valleys, including the Turkana Basin in Kenya, cause East Africa to dry by channelling water vapour towards Central Africa, a process that simultaneously enhances rainfall in the Congo Basin rainforest. Without the valleys, the uplift of the rift system leads to a wetter climate in East Africa and a drier climate in the Congo Basin. Results from climate model experiments demonstrate that the detailed tectonic development of Africa has shaped the rainfall distribution, with profound implications for the evolution of African plant and animal lineages.
Numerical model experiments show that deep valleys cutting across the East African Rift System dry out East Africa by channelling water vapour towards Central Africa, leading to elevated rainfall in the Congo Basin rainforest.
Journal Article
Lesson of the month 1: Neurosyphilis mimicking viral encephalitis and ischaemic stroke
With the incidence of syphilis more than doubling over the last decade, knowledge of its manifestations is of increasing importance. Yet, today's clinicians are less experienced in the recognition of syphilis than the physicians of Osler's day.
In this case, a 56-year-old man presented with acute confusion and a history suggestive of encephalitis. Neuroimaging revealed cystic infarcts. He was subsequently tested for HIV and syphilis and found to be positive for both. HIV co-infection had accelerated the rate of neurosyphilis progression. After timely diagnosis and treatment of both conditions, cognitive testing returned to baseline.
This case highlights that neuroimaging can often show non-specific infarcts and haemorrhages instead of characteristic syphilitic gummae. This variability adds to the challenge of diagnosis. Thus syphilis serology screening should be sent in those presenting with acute confusion and neuroimaging abnormalities. In cases of cryptogenic stroke, syphilis serology should be added to the screening tests.
Journal Article
An integrated framework of coastal flood modelling under the failures of sea dikes: a case study in Shanghai
Climate change leads to sea level rise worldwide, as well as increases in the intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones (TCs). Storm surge induced by TC’s, together with spring tides, threatens to cause failure of flood defenses, resulting in massive flooding in low-lying coastal areas. However, limited research has been done on the combined effects of the increasing intensity of TCs and sea level rise on the characteristics of coastal flooding due to the failure of sea dikes. This paper investigates the spatial variation of coastal flooding due to the failure of sea dikes subject to past and future TC climatology and sea level rise, via a case study of a low-lying deltaic city- Shanghai, China. Using a hydrodynamic model and a spectral wave model, storm tide and wave parameters were calculated as input for an empirical model of overtopping discharge rate. The results show that the change of storm climatology together with relative sea level rise (RSLR) largely exacerbates the coastal hazard for Shanghai in the future, in which RSLR is likely to have a larger effect than the TC climatology change on future coastal flooding in Shanghai. In addition, the coastal flood hazard will increase to a large extent in terms of the flood water volume for each corresponding given return period. The approach developed in this paper can also be utilized to investigate future flood risk for other low-lying coastal regions.
Journal Article