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Collects eighteen stories featuring Anna, Elsa, and the other characters from the movie \"Frozen.\"

[ 2 ] Devereaux uses narrative interventions to address a promiscuous audience (an audience of men and women—but also here a term that plays on various characters’ sexual promiscuity), and he pays sustained and specific attention to his female narratees (and by extension to a female narrative audience(2)). Vignettes in volume one recount Devereaux and Louie’s passionate marriage; Devereaux’s disappointment with the lack of pornographic detail in Theophile Gautier’s Mademoiselle de Maupin; Lizzie’s memories of losing her virginity; Searles’s predilection for sodomy and Searles’s wife’s new career as a high-priced prostitute as her means of punishing her husband for sodomizing her; and Searles’s attempted rape of Lizzie and subsequent beating by the enlisted men. Presenting himself as a man both deeply in love with his wife and deeply interested in sex (he repeatedly refers to sex as a form of worship, hence the novel’s title), Devereaux leads his narratees and narrative audience into wilder and wilder sexual situations, building on their acceptance of one sex act as “normal” in order to have them accept more sex acts as “normal.” [...]Phelan argues that the narratological narratee and the rhetorical narrative audience (in a slightly revised form) are complementary theories; “Let Prince’s definition of narratee stand: the audience addressed by the narrator (the enunciatee).

“Losing” one’s self in a story is one of the great pleasures of reading. Key to this act is the “transport” of the reader into the storyworld. Nineteenth-century British narratives offered various transport modes, including prefaces and footnotes designed to orient the reader to the storyworld and narrative interventions designed to align the reader with the values of that world. Yet this act of transport was fraught with tensions and anxieties in the nineteenth century. Worries about the dangers of reading, especially the dangers for women and the lower classes, abounded; much of the worry stemmed from fears that these readers would not be able to tell the difference between “good” and “bad” reading materials and between facts and fictions–that these readers would be tainted or corrupted by the act of reading.Illicit narratives of the nineteenth century appropriated forms associated with more aboveboard narratives. In borrowing prefaces, footnotes, and the direct address of readers, these illicit narratives cloak themselves with the appearances of licit stories. Illicit narrative is not a genre–it is an umbrella term for those narratives classed by contemporary society as unsuitable reading materials. Gothic novels, sensation fiction, and erotica are illicit narratives as are newspaper reports and scholarly texts on taboo subjects. Rather than being a stable category, the term “illicit” is subject to change based on societal norms; that which was considered illicit in the 1830s may seem tame by the 1890s.This project explores the uses of paratextual and narratorial interventions in a selection of illicit British narratives from the nineteenth century. Classifications of narratives as illicit are based on contemporary views of the narratives. Moreover, for the purposes of this project, only those illicit narratives centering on gender, sex, and sexuality will be considered. Drawing on the concept of possible worlds from narrative theory, this project explores the ways in which these interventions work with and against the content of the narratives to create queered possible worlds for the reader.

Community and citizen science‐based conservation projects have proliferated in recent years and hold promise for further incorporating Indigenous science and ways of knowing in conservation practice and decision‐making more broadly. Tribally led efforts that engage local community members in the data collection process can take advantage of generations of intimate place‐based knowledge for improved ecological monitoring, increased policy buy‐in, and ultimately more effective conservation practice in socio‐ecological systems. In this study, we detail community science research initiated and led by the Karuk Wildlife Team (KWT) to monitor Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis, Karuk: Ishyuux) in their core winter range along the Klamath River in Karuk Ancestral Territory in northern California. Elk are a culturally and ecologically significant species that were extirpated from the area through overhunting after Euro‐American colonization in the mid‐19th century. They were reintroduced in the 1980s and are now annually harvested, necessitating effective monitoring. Encouraged by conversations with community members, the KWT began collecting detailed information on weekly elk sightings from community members along the Klamath River including date, time, number of elk seen, and approximate spatial coordinates (up to about ±200 m, accounting for the fact that elk groups could be observed from the highway on either side of the river). We fit an unmarked spatial capture‐recapture (uSCR) model in a Bayesian framework to community reports of elk from the winter of 2020–2021 to estimate their population density in our study area. We incorporated concurrent GPS monitoring data of three elk in this population to improve the spatial parameter, sigma, of our uSCR models. Our model estimated 0.56 elk/km2, a density that falls within expected ranges and mirrors the results of a camera trapping study we conducted in the same area. These results demonstrate the efficacy of a community‐driven monitoring protocol for harvested wildlife populations and the power of Tribally led science for effective conservation. We report on a tribally‐led study grounded on community observations to produce population density estimates for Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis, Karuk: Ishyuux) in Karuk Aboriginal Territory, northern California. Elk are a culturally and ecologically significant species that were extirpated through overhunting after the Euro‐American colonization in the mid‐19th century, and since the 1980s they have been reintroduced and annually harvested, necessitating effective monitoring. We use unmarked spatial capture‐recapture models and Bayesian inference based on Markov chain Monte Carlo in order to infer population density from community reports and telemetry data.

Recent developments to spatial-capture recapture models have allowed their use on species whose members are not uniquely identifiable from photographs by including individual identity as a latent, unobserved variable in the model. These ‘unmarked’ spatial capture recapture (uSCR) models have also been extended to presence-absence data and modified to allow categorical environmental covariates on density, but a uSCR model, which allows fitting continuous environmental covariates to density, has yet to be formulated. In this paper, we fill this gap and present an extension to the uSCR modeling framework by modeling animal density on a discrete state space as a function of continuous environmental covariates and investigate a form of Bayesian variable selection to improve inference. We used an elk population in their winter range within Karuk Indigenous Territory in Northern California as a case study and found a positive credible effect of increasing forb/grass cover on elk density and a negative credible effect of increasing tree cover on elk density. We posit that our extensions to uSCR modeling increase its utility in a wide range of ecological and management applications in which spatial counts of wildlife can be derived and environmental heterogeneity acts as a control on animal density.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The stability of its mRNA transcript, determined in part by destabilizing sequences in its AAUU repeats (ARE) gene region, is an important regulator of its tissue and systemic levels. A deletion in the ARE region of the gene resulted in IBD and arthritis in mice and pigs, supporting a critical role for the cytokine in human IBD and several human arthritides. A mutation in the same area of the mouse genome by Genentech scientists (T.Y., M.K.) resulted in a similar but not identical phenotype. Here, we compare histopathological, cellular, and molecular features of the strains and propose reasons for their distinct phenotypes. First, while homozygous TNFΔARE mice develop severe arthritis and die after weaning, homozygous Genentech TNFΔARE (ΔG/ΔG) mice have normal lifespans, and males are often fertile. We found that while the ileitic phenotype had peaked at 12 weeks of age in all mice, colitis progressed mostly after 20 weeks of age in heterozygous mice. Their variably penetrant arthritic phenotype progressed mostly after 20 weeks, also in heterozygous mice from both strains. There was expansion of central memory T and B cells in lymphoid organs of TNF-overproducing strains and their transcriptional profile shared well-known pathogenetic pathways with human IBD. Finally, we found differences in the mutated sequences within the ARE regions of the TNF gene and in their microbiota composition and genetic background. These differences likely explain their phenotypic differences. In summary, we describe a different strain of TNF-overproducing mice with an overlapping, yet not identical phenotype, which may have differential applications than the original strain.

Background Asthma is a common long-term condition and major public health problem. Supported self-management for asthma that includes a written personalised asthma action plan, supported by regular professional review, reduces unscheduled consultations and improves asthma outcomes and quality of life. However, despite unequivocal inter/national guideline recommendations, supported self-management is poorly implemented in practice. The IMPlementing IMProved Asthma self-management as RouTine (IMP 2 ART) implementation strategy has been developed to address this challenge. The aim of this implementation trial is to determine whether facilitated delivery of the IMP 2 ART strategy increases the provision of asthma action plans and reduces unscheduled care in the context of routine UK primary care. Methods IMP 2 ART is a parallel group, cluster randomised controlled hybrid II implementation trial. One hundred forty-four general practices will be randomly assigned to either the IMP 2 ART implementation strategy or control group. Following a facilitation workshop, implementation group practices will receive organisational resources to help them prioritise supported self-management (including audit and feedback; an IMP 2 ART asthma review template), training for professionals and resources to support patients to self-manage their asthma. The control group will continue with usual asthma care. The primary clinical outcome is the between-group difference in unscheduled care in the second year after randomisation (i.e. between 12 and 24 months post-randomisation) assessed from routine data. Additionally, a primary implementation outcome of asthma action plan ownership at 12 months will be assessed by questionnaire to a random sub-group of people with asthma. Secondary outcomes include the number of asthma reviews conducted, prescribing outcomes (reliever medication and oral steroids), asthma symptom control, patients’ confidence in self-management and professional support and resource use. A health economic analysis will assess cost-effectiveness, and a mixed methods process evaluation will explore implementation, fidelity and adaptation. Discussion The evidence for supported asthma self-management is overwhelming. This study will add to the literature regarding strategies that can effectively implement supported self-management in primary care to reduce unscheduled consultations and improve asthma outcomes and quality of life. Trial registration ISRCTN15448074. Registered on 2 December 2019.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) care engagement rates in primary care (PC) settings are often low. Little is known about PC team experiences when delivering OUD treatment and potential factors that influence their capacity to engage patients in treatment. Exploring PC team experiences may inform needed supports that can optimize OUD care delivery and improve outcomes for patients with OUD. We explored multidisciplinary PC team perspectives on barriers and facilitators to engaging patients in OUD treatment. Qualitative study using in-depth interviews. Primary care clinical teams. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 35) with PC team members involved in OUD care delivery, recruited using a combination of criterion and maximal variation sampling. Data collection and analysis were informed by existing theoretical literature about patient engagement, specifically that patient engagement is influenced by factors across individual (patient, provider), interpersonal (patient-provider), and health system domains. Interviews were professionally transcribed and doubled-coded using a coding schema based on the interview guide while allowing for emergent codes. Coding was iteratively reviewed using a constant comparison approach to identify themes and verified with participants and the full study team. Analysis identified five themes that impact PC team ability to engage patients effectively, including limited patient contact (e.g., phone, text) in between visits, varying levels of provider confidence to navigate OUD treatment discussions, structural factors (e.g., schedules, productivity goals) that limited provider time, the role of team-based approaches in lessening discouragement and feelings of burnout, and lack of shared organizational vision for reducing harms from OUD. While the capacity of PC teams to engage patients in OUD care is influenced across multiple levels, some of the most promising opportunities may involve addressing system-level factors that limit PC team time and collaboration and promoting organizational alignment on goals for OUD treatment.

Background/Aims Crohn’s disease involvement may be restricted to the terminal ileum (ileitis), colon (colitis) or both (ileocolitis). Mutations in the NOD2 gene, and development of antibacterial antibodies are more prevalent in ileal CD suggesting that ileitis may represent a distinct disease entity. The determinants of this regional distribution are not known but are likely bacterial in origin. MDR1a-/- housed at our facility develop not only colitis but also ileitis. However, the colony from which they are derived at Taconic does not develop ileitis or colitis. Here, we characterize the time course of ileocolitis in MDR1a-/- mice at UCSD and examine the effect of cohousing with non-colitic MDR1α−/− mice from Taconic on ileocolitis severity and ileal and colonic microbial communities. METHODS The severity of ileal and colonic histopathological involvement was analyzed at 5, 12, 20, and >30 weeks old by a pathologist in a blinded fashion. Relevant cellular subsets of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in inflamed and non-inflamed mice were examined via mass cytometry. Mice originating from colonies with and without colitis were cohoused, after which their ilea and colon were harvested for histopathologic evaluation. Metagenomic analyses (shotgun) were performed in ileum contents and stool before and after cohousing. RESULTS Mice develop ileitis between 5 and 12 weeks (n > 7 for all time points, p < 0.01), and its severity remains relatively stable afterwards. Colitis was first observed at 12-weeks-of age, remained stable through 20 weeks and worsened in 30-week-old mice (p < 0.01). Cellular composition of MLN showed expansion of central memory (TCM (CD44+/CD62L+) CD8+ T cells) in inflamed mice from our colony compared with non-colitic mice from Taconic (n = 4, p < 0.005). Cohousing experiments showed attenuation of ileitis in ileocolitic mice (UCSD colony, n = 4, p < 0.05), when co-housed with non-colitic mice from the Taconic colony, which were not affected. Cohousing did not trigger ileitis or colitis in mice from Taconic. After cohousing, Taconic mice had a loss of verrucomicrobiales and increased campylobacterales, whereas in UCSD mice, desulfovibrionales increased along with overall diversity and lactobacillales decreased. Evaluation of the ileal microbiota is ongoing. CONCLUSIONS MDR1α -/- mice at our vivarium develop not only colitis but also ileitis (ileocolitis) between 5 and 12 weeks-of age with expansion of TCM in their MLN. Cohousing of ileocolitic mice (UCSD) with non-inflamed mice from Taconic carrying an identical MDR1α mutation led to attenuation of ileitis but not colitis. Thus, mice at Taconic appear to have transmissible beneficial (anti-inflammatory) elements in their microbiota able to attenuate ileitis in their ileocolitic MDR1α -/- counterparts at our facility.