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•Evaluation of the nutritional status of hospitalized children should be routinized.•Each hospitalized child should be evaluated by one of the scoring systems.•Using only one screening tool may give inaccurate results for some patients.•Using of anthropometric measurements may provide additional value. Many screening methods, such as the Screening Tool Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids) and the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), have been developed to detect malnutrition in pediatric patients. We aimed to explore the prevalence of malnutrition risk in hospitalized children via symptoms and identification of contributing factors, and to examine the efficacy of malnutrition screening tools for hospitalized children. STRONGkids and PYMS were applied to 1513 inpatients at 37 hospitals in 26 cities from different regions of Turkey. Physical measurements were collected at hospital admission and at discharge. z-Scores of height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index–for–age were calculated. Overall, 1513 patients were included in the study. A body mass index standard deviation score of less than −2 was present in 9.5% of the study population at hospital admission, whereas 11.2% of the participants had a weight-for-length/height score of less than −2 at hospital admission. According to STRONGkids results, the proportion of the patients with an underlying chronic disease was higher for the patients at high risk of malnutrition than for the patients at medium or low risk (91% compared with 47% or 45%, respectively). PYMS results indicated that patients at high risk of malnutrition have more chronic diseases (75%) than the patients at medium or low risk of malnutrition (55% and 44%, respectively). Use of anthropometric measurements in addition to screening tools to identify hospital malnutrition (such as PYMS, STRONGkids) will prevent some nutritional risk patients from being overlooked.