Explore the vast range of titles available.

There is a growing demand to attain organic materials with high electron mobility, μe, as current reliable reported values are significantly lower than those exhibited by their hole mobility counterparts. Here, it is shown that a well‐known nonfullerene‐acceptor commonly used in organic solar cells, that is, BTP‐4F (aka Y6), enables solution‐processed organic thin‐film transistors (OTFT) with a μe as high as 2.4 cm2 V−1 s−1. This value is comparable to those of state‐of‐the‐art n‐type OTFTs, opening up a plethora of new possibilities for this class of materials in the field of organic electronics. Such efficient charge transport is linked to a readily achievable highly ordered crystalline phase, whose peculiar structural properties are thoroughly discussed. This work proves that structurally ordered nonfullerene acceptors can exhibit intrinsically high mobility and introduces a new approach in the quest of high μe organic materials, as well as new guidelines for future materials design. n‐channel organic thin‐film transistors exhibiting electron mobility values as high as 2.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 are produced with the benchmark nonfullerene acceptor used in organic solar cell, that is, BTP‐4F (aka Y6). These properties stem from crystallization of Y6 in a crystalline structure featuring molecularly flat, highly ordered, and textured domains.

Copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc), also known as Pigment Blue 15, is a widely utilized pigment renowned for its exceptional semiconducting properties when refined to electronic‐grade purity. Recent studies have confirmed its safety if ingested at doses required for essential active components in edible electronics for advanced gastrointestinal tract monitoring. Since in‐body operations impose stringent safety constraints on operational biases, the development of transistors with high transconductance at low voltages is required to ensure adequate amplification gain. This study presents a simple and cost‐effective method for producing solution‐processed CuPc films characterized by a unique porous microstructure that facilitates efficient volumetric ion uptake and mixed ionic‐electronic conductivity in electrolyte‐gated devices. These porous films exhibit capacitance 30 times greater than compact CuPc films produced through conventional physical vapor deposition methods. The resulting edible transistors demonstrate On/Off ratios exceeding 103 and channel width‐normalized transconductance of up to 50 µS mm−1 at 0.8 V, establishing their potential as critical active components in future edible devices. Moreover, the proposed method results in a limited impact of impurities on CuPc charge transport efficiency, thus affecting the purification costs and, crucially, enabling the sourcing of CuPc pigments through recycling and upcycling. A novel solution‐based method is presented to produce Copper Phthalocyanine fibrous films displaying effective ion permeability and enhanced transconductance in electrolyte‐gated transistors architectures. Using these films, the first instance of a fully edible electrolyte‐gated transistor with volumetric capacitance, targeting in‐body applications, is demonstrated. Additionally, the effective sourcing of CuPc is showcased from the upcycling of Pigment Blue 15.

We performed laboratory tests and field surveys to evaluate the performance of a low‐cost 3‐component seismometer, consisting of three passive electromagnetic spring‐mass sensors, whose 4.5 Hz natural frequency is extended down to 0.5 Hz thanks to hyper damping. Both lab and field datasets show that the −3 dB band of the seismometer ranges approximately from 0.7 to 39 Hz, in agreement with the nominal specifications. Median magnitude frequency response curves obtained from processing field data indicate that lower corner of the −3 dB band could be extended down to 0.55 Hz and the nominal sensitivity may be overestimated. Lab results confirm the non‐linear behavior of the passive spring‐mass sensor expected for high‐level input signals (a few to tens of mm/s) and field data confirm relative timing accuracy is ±10 ms (1 sample). We found that absolute timing of data collected with USB GPS antennas can be affected by lag as large as +0.5 s. By testing two identical units, we noticed that there could be differences around 0.5 dB (i.e., about 6%) between the components of the same unit as well as between the same component of the two units. Considering shallow passive seismic applications and mainly focusing on unstable slope monitoring, our findings show that the tested seismometer is able to identify resonance frequencies of unstable rock pillars and to generate interferograms that can be processed to estimate subsurface velocity variations. Plain Language Summary This study describes some tests that we did to evaluate a seismometer that is cheaper than similar products on the market. A seismometer is able to sense and collect seismic waves and can be used for several applications including global seismology and hydrocarbon exploration. In our work, we consider passive seismic applications, that is, we focus on seismic waves generated by non‐controlled sources (aka seismic noise). Either the seismic sources are natural or man‐made, a valuable seismometer should allow to record weak signals in a wide frequency band, especially at relatively low frequency (<5 Hz). The results of our tests show that the cheap seismometer can record frequencies down to approximately 0.5 Hz, while, to keep costs low, the highest frequency is limited to about 40 Hz. Field tests show that the seismometers can retrieve information from seismic noise as weak as a few micrometers per second, while lab test with higher inputs shows that the response of the seismometer is dependent upon the input velocity. Overall, we found that the nominal specifications of the seismometers are met, thus the tested unit is a valuable tool for shallow passive‐seismic applications with relatively‐low‐frequency, low‐amplitude signals, and a limited budget. Key Points A low‐cost 3‐component seismometer has been tested for passive shallow applications The seismometer has non‐linear response for high‐amplitude (mm/s) excitation signals Lab and field tests confirm the −3 dB band ranges from 0.7 to 39 Hz and an offset of about 0.5 s was found in the filed data whose timing was provided by a USB GPS antenna

The addition of a third component to a donor:acceptor blend is a powerful tool to enhance the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. Featuring a similar operating mechanism, organic photodetectors are also expected to benefit from this approach. Here, we fabricated ternary organic photodetectors, based on a polymer donor and two nonfullerene acceptors, resulting in a low dark current of 0.42 nA cm −2 at −2 V and a broadband specific detectivity of 10 12 Jones. We found that exciton recombination in the binary blend is reduced in ternary devices due to the formation of a pseudo-binary microstructure with mixed donor–acceptor phases. With this approach a wide range of intermediate open-circuit voltages is accessible, without sacrificing light-to-current conversion. This results in ternary organic photodetector (TOPD) with improved Responsivity values in the near-infrared. Moreover, morphology analyses reveal that TOPD devices showed improved microstructure ordering and consequentially higher charge carrier mobilities compared to the reference devices.

There is a growing demand to attain organic materials with high electron mobility, μ e , as current reliable reported values are significantly lower than those exhibited by their hole mobility counterparts. Here, it is shown that a well‐known nonfullerene‐acceptor commonly used in organic solar cells, that is, BTP‐4F (aka Y6), enables solution‐processed organic thin‐film transistors (OTFT) with a μ e as high as 2.4 cm 2  V −1  s −1 . This value is comparable to those of state‐of‐the‐art n‐type OTFTs, opening up a plethora of new possibilities for this class of materials in the field of organic electronics. Such efficient charge transport is linked to a readily achievable highly ordered crystalline phase, whose peculiar structural properties are thoroughly discussed. This work proves that structurally ordered nonfullerene acceptors can exhibit intrinsically high mobility and introduces a new approach in the quest of high μ e organic materials, as well as new guidelines for future materials design.

The Dust Complex (DC) instrument was designed to be installed on the landing platform of the ExoMars project. The purpose of the experiment is to study the dynamics of dust particles in the near-surface atmosphere of Mars and to evaluate the main characteristics of the near-surface medium that determine their dynamics. The device makes it possible to register dust particles in the near-surface atmosphere of Mars, determine the main parameters and measure some characteristics of the plasma-dust medium related to the dynamics of dust particles near the Martian surface. The article provides a description of the device, its blocks and sensors, the main elements of the measurement program and characteristics of the measured parameters.

The next generation of Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs), with their wide apertures and advanced Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) systems, will provide unprecedented sharp and deep observations, even surpassing the capabilities of James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). SHARP, a near-infrared (0.95-2.45 {\\mu}m) spectrograph, is designed to optimally exploit the collecting area and angular resolution of these forthcoming ELTs, and specifically optimized for the MCAO unit MORFEO at the ELT. SHARP includes two main units: NEXUS, a Multi-Object Spectrograph (MOS), and VESPER, a multi-Integral Field Unit. This paper outlines the opto-mechanical design of SHARP based on the scientific requirements of the project. The optical design is engineered to meet project specifications, featuring a compact mechanical structure that minimizes the required cryogenic power while ensuring ease of access for maintenance and straightforward assembly procedures.

Solution-processed, large-area, and flexible electronics largely relies on the excellent electronic properties of sp\\(^2\\)-hybridized carbon molecules, either in the form of \\(\\pi\\)-conjugated small molecules and polymers or graphene and carbon nanotubes. Carbon with sp-hybridization, the foundation of the elusive allotrope carbyne, offers vast opportunities for functionalized molecules in the form of linear carbon atomic wires (CAWs), with intriguing and even superior predicted electronic properties. While CAWs represent a vibrant field of research, to date, they have only been applied sparingly to molecular devices. The recent observation of the field-effect in microcrystalline cumulenes suggests their potential applications in solution-processed thin-film transistors but concerns surrounding the stability and electronic performance have precluded developments in this direction. In the present study, ideal field-effect characteristics are demonstrated for solution-processed thin films of tetraphenyl[3]cumulene, the shortest semiconducting CAW. Films are deposited through a scalable, large-area, meniscus-coating technique, providing transistors with hole mobilities in excess of 0.1 cm\\(^2\\) V\\(^{-1}\\) s\\(^{-1}\\), as well as promising operational stability under dark conditions. These results offer a solid foundation for the exploitation of a vast class of molecular semiconductors for organic electronics based on sp-hybridized carbon systems and create a previously unexplored paradigm.

Indacenodithiophene (IDT) based materials are emerging high performance conjugated polymers for use in efficient organic photovoltaics and transistors. However, their preparation generally suffers from long reaction sequences and is often accomplished using disadvantageous Stille couplings. Herein, we present detailed synthesis pathways to IDT homopolymers using C-H activation for all C-C coupling steps. Polyketones are first prepared by direct arylation polycondensation (DAP) in quantitative yield and further cyclized polymer analogously. This protocol is suitable for obtaining structurally well-defined IDT homopolymers, provided that the conditions for cyclization are chosen appropriately and that side reactions are suppressed. Moreover, this polymer analogous pathway gives rise to asymmetric side chain patterns, which allows to fine tune physical properties. Alternatively, IDT homopolymers can be obtained via oxidative direct arylation polycondensation of IDT monomers (oxDAP), leading to IDT homopolymers with similar properties but at reduced yield. Detailed characterization by NMR, IR, UV-vis and PL spectroscopy, and thermal properties, is used to guide synthesis and to explain varying field-effect transistor hole mobilities in the range of 10-6- 10-3 cm2/Vs.

The high photoluminescence efficiency, color purity, extended gamut, and solution processability make low-dimensional hybrid perovskites attractive for light-emitting diode (PeLED) applications. However, controlling the microstructure of these materials to improve the device performance remains challenging. Here, the development of highly efficient green PeLEDs based on blends of the quasi-2D (q2D) perovskite, PEA2Cs4Pb5Br16, and the wide bandgap organic semiconductor 2,7 dioctyl[1] benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) is reported. The presence of C8-BTBT enables the formation of single-crystal-like q2D PEA2Cs4Pb5Br16 domains that are uniform and highly luminescent. Combining the PEA2Cs4Pb5Br16:C8-BTBT with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as hole-injecting layers (HILs), yields green PeLEDs with greatly enhanced performance characteristics, including external quantum efficiency up to 18.6%, current efficiency up to 46.3 cd/A, the luminance of 45 276 cd m^-2, and improved operational stability compared to neat PeLEDs. The enhanced performance originates from multiple synergistic effects, including enhanced hole-injection enabled by the SAM HILs, the single crystal-like quality of the perovskite phase, and the reduced concentration of electronic defects. This work highlights perovskite:organic blends as promising systems for use in LEDs, while the use of SAM HILs creates new opportunities toward simpler and more stable PeLEDs.