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"Scalmer, Sean"
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Gandhi in the West : The Mahatma and the Rise of Radical Protest
\"The non-violent protests of civil rights activists and anti-nuclear campaigners during the 1960s helped to redefine Western politics. But where did they come from? Sean Scalmer uncovers their history in an earlier generation's intense struggles to understand and emulate the activities of Mahatma Gandhi. He shows how Gandhi's non-violent protests were the subject of widespread discussion and debate in the USA and UK for several decades. Though at first misrepresented by Western newspapers, they were patiently described and clarified by a devoted group of cosmopolitan advocates. Small groups of Westerners experimented with Gandhian techniques in virtual anonymity and then, on the cusp of the 1960s, brought these methods to a wider audience. The swelling protests of later years increasingly abandoned the spirit of non-violence, and the central significance of Gandhi and his supporters has therefore been forgotten. This book recovers this tradition, charts its transformation, and ponders its abiding significance\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The eight-hour movement: A campaign for the rights of labour
Some employers and their allies argued that 'competition was too strong' to allow businesses to afford to concede this demand.5 They based their opposition on claims that conditions of employment were a purely 'private' matter for bosses, and by references to apparent Taws' of 'supply and demand'.6 Such arguments made the eight-hour day conditional on the willingness of the individual employer and the current state of the labour market. The limits of this vision are important, but this should not divert attention from the basis of its central argument: to argue for reduced hours was to claim the status of a fully human subject-to deny that the worker was an animal, or a slave, or a machine. Arguments for the eight-hour day focused frequently on the separation of the male wage-earner from his partner and children: 'returning home in the gloom' with his offspring already asleep.17 Reduced hours would strengthen the family.18 Such advocacy was notably silent about the distribution of labour within the household, and male unionists showed no great willingness to share the labours of the home. Supporters of reduced hours understood family relationships as a central element of a full, social and human existence.
Journal Article
The transnational activist : transformations and comparisons from the Anglo-world since the nineteenth century
\"This book provides the first historical and comparative study of the 'transnational activist.' A range of important recent scholarship has considered the rise of global social movements, the presence of transnational networks, and the transfer or diffusion of political techniques. Much of this writing has registered the pivotal role of 'transnational' or 'global' activists. However, if the significance of the 'transnational activist' is now routinely acknowledged, then the history of this actor is still something of a mystery. Most commentators have associated the figure with contemporary history. Hence much of the debate around 'transnational activism' is ahistorical, and claims for novelty are not often based on developed historical comparison. As this volume argues, it is possible to identify the 'transnational activist' in earlier decades and even centuries. But when did this figure first appear? What are the historical conditions that nurtured its emergence? What are the principal moments in the development of the transnational activist? And do the transnational activists of the Internet age differ in number or nature from those of earlier years? These historical questions will be at the heart of this volume.\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Democratic Adventurer
London Times likened to a 'revolution'. ' Democratic Adventurer Australian Book Review.
eBook
On the Stump
\"Stumping,\" or making political speeches in favor of a candidate, cause, or campaign has been around since before the 1800s, when speechmaking was frequently portrayed as delivered from the base of a tree. The practice, which has been strongly associated with the American frontier, British agitators, and colonial Australia, remains an effective component of contemporary democratic politics.
In his engaging book On the Stump, Sean Scalmer provides the first comprehensive, transnational history of the \"stump speech.\" He traces the development and transformation of campaign oratory, as well as how national elections and public life and culture have been shaped by debate over the past century.
Scalmer presents an eloquent study of how \"stumping\" careers were made, sustained, remembered, and exploited, to capture the complex rhythms of political change over the years. On the Stump examines the distinctive dramatic and performative styles of celebrity orators including Davy Crockett, Henry Clay, and William Gladstone. Ultimately, Scalmer recovers the history of the stump speech and its historical significance in order to better understand how political change is forged.
eBook
Direct Action: The Invention of a Transnational Concept
“Direct action” emerged as a central concept in labour-movement politics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article traces and explains that process of invention. In doing so, it seeks to settle three currently unresolved historical problems: the problem of the meaning of direct action; the problem of its relative novelty; and the problem of its relationship to nation. The article draws upon pamphlets and newspapers published on four continents in English, French, Spanish, and German. It argues that the concept of direct action was used in several analytically distinguishable ways: categorical; performative; and strategic. While aspects of direct action were evident in many nations over several decades, French activists played a decisive and catalytic role in the development of the concept. They welded the categorical, performative, and strategic together. They assembled key performances into an agreed repertoire. And they underlined the revolutionary significance of this combination. This new assemblage was then widely taken up across the global labour movement.
Journal Article
Social Movements, Internationalism and the Cold War: Perspectives on Labour History
Historians started talking of the Cold War in the late 1940s.1 English writer George Orwell is generally credited with coining the term in October 1945, though American journalist Walter Lippman's 1947 book, The Cold War was more important in propagating the concept. The term became widely deployed to describe the increasingly open struggle between the USA and its allies in the West and the USSR and its allies in the Eastern Bloc.3 In its heightened military mobilisation, violent propaganda, intense global competition, and battles by proxy, this conflict was a war; in the narrow avoidance of hostilities directly pitting the superpowers against one another, the temperature remained below the heat of an all-out armed conflict. The concept of the \"Cold War\" captures this unstable combination.
Journal Article
The conscription conflict and the Great War
But while the memory of the conscription campaigns once loomed large, it has increasingly been overshadowed by a preoccupation with the sacrifice and heroism of Australian soldiers a preoccupation that has been reinforced during the centennial commemorations.
eBook
How to Vote Progressive in Australia
Traditionally, Australian progressives have supported the Australian Labor Party; increasingly, the Greens appeal. What are the key differences between the parties? Is greater collaboration desirable, and likely? This volume, dedicated to progressive change and deliberately pluralistic brings together party leaders, veterans and academic experts to tackle these questions.
eBook