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"Scheffer, Thomas"
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Conference Essay: Combat-Related Killings and Democratic Accountability: Towards an Understanding of the Cultural Capacities to Deal with Matters of War
Der Bericht fasst die Ergebnisse der Tagung \"Accounting for Combat-Related Killings\" zusammen, der im Juli 2014 an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main stattgefunden hat. Diskursforscher/innen aus Israel, dem Vereinigten Königreich, den USA, Kanada und Deutschland präsentierten hier Fallstudien zur (umkämpften) Herstellung demokratischer Rechenschaft für Tötungen in Kampfhandlungen. Das Zusammenbringen unterschiedlicher Ansätze (hier v.a. der Ethnomethodologie und der kritischen Diskursanalyse) zielte auf eine methodologische Reflexion im Lichte neu zur Verfügung stehender Diskursdaten. Mit Blick auf die weltweit steigende Zahl militärischer Kampfhandlungen im Rahmen sog. kleiner, permanenter und asymmetrischer Kriege widmet sich dieser Bericht Konzepten, Methoden und empirischen Analysen zur kulturellen Aufarbeitung militärischer Tötungen. Dabei werden die Konferenzbeiträge im Hinblick auf ihre zeitliche Distanz zum diskursiv bearbeiteten Kampfgeschehen geordnet: von der interaktiven Herstellung eines operativen Feldes im Kampf (accounting in combat), über demokratische Verfahren der Aufklärung/Legitimierung (tribunals of accounting), bis hin zu Formen des kulturellen Gedächtnisses (sedimentation of accounting in cultural representations).URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1502239
Journal Article
Constitutive invisibility: Exploring the work of staff advisers in political position-making
Although it is broadly acknowledged that democratic politics should operate through the public competition of binding positions, the careful development of these positions is commonly neglected. Providing ethnographic analysis of the work of staff advisers in parliamentary groups, the paper explores the invisible work invested into these competing positions. We argue that the invisibilization of work serves to accomplish a central tenet of democratic political discourse: the demonstration of resonance between constituents and elected politicians. The latter may be assisted by – but must not depend on – non-elected staff. Against this ‘sacred’ premise of representative democracy, the paper shows that and how political positions are based on invisible work and the work of invisibilizing. Building on laboratory and workplace studies, we specify the shape and function of invisibility by contrasting studies on invisible work in the natural sciences, in case law, and in party politics. In these instances, invisible work serves different discursive objects-in-formation: scientific facts, legal cases, and binding positions. Understanding invisible work, thus, leads us to consider different constitutive relevancies. In turn, these serve to specify established concepts in STS, such as ‘controversy,’ to better distinguish the day-to-day conduct of natural science from that of politics or law.
Journal Article
The Duplicity of Testimonial Interviews-Unfolding and Utilising Multiple Temporalisation in Compound Procedures and Projects
This article inquires the relevancy of multiple temporalisations for the discourse analysis of testimonial interviews. Step by step and by help of a range of empirical cases, the author widens the analytical scope (from questions, lines of questions, to supported interrogation by help of files and archives). He does so in order to reconstruct the efficient resources and means of forensic and administrative interrogations. The interviews turn out to be most powerful once they establish duplicity, meaning a partial separation of speech-production and speech-reception. Conclusively the author argues for a symmetrical view on scientific (qualitative) interviews and forensic interrogation. The separation of production and reception is widely ignored in qualitative methods. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0701159
Journal Article
Research Report: Statements, Cases, and Criminal Cases. The Ethnographic Discourse Analysis of Legal Discourse Formations
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0702P88
Journal Article
Knowing How to Sleepwalk: Placing Expert Evidence in the Midst of an English Jury Trial
In this case study I argue that experts, to gain relevance in a jury trial, need to fit into a manifold division of knowing. They do so by borrowing and sharing diverse knowledges. These exchanges place the modest expert testimony right into an authoritative and powerful decision-making apparatus. This argument derives from an ethnographic study of a \"sleepwalking defense.\" The division of knowing embraces the certified facts, the instructed case, the competing expertise, and the common sense. As a conclusion, I identify the experts' twofold relevance. Experts perform the case as undecided and decidable. They provide exclusive knowledge and affirm a set of other knowledges. By \"knowing\" and \"not knowing,\" the experts perform individual modesty and systemic immodesty by the same token.
Journal Article
Adversarial Case-Making
Cases are not objects at hand for legal decision-making; cases are not echoes from a past crime. Cases are made within compound discourse apparatus, here the English Crown Court and the procedure/s attached to it. This title reveals the legal production of cases including their relevant features.
eBook
Event and Process: An Exercise in Analytical Ethnography
Analytical ethnography does not presume a principal analytical frame. It does not know (yet) where and when the field takes place. Rather, the ethnographer is in search for appropriate spatiotemporal frames in correspondence with the occurrences in the field. Accordingly, the author organizes a dialogue between conceptual frames and his various empirical accounts. He confronts snapshots of English Crown Court proceedings with models of event and process from micro-sociology and macro-sociology. A range of—more or less early or late, relevant or irrelevant, contingent or predetermined—processual events serves as the vantage point to access event and process relations. In this line, Crown Court proceedings serve as an introductory and exemplary field for analytical ethnography, because they involve both: (strong) events and their process and (strong) processes and their events.
Journal Article
Bound to One's Own Words? Early Defenses and Their Binding Effects in Different Criminal Cases
This article explores the binding forces that emerge in criminal cases. Using ethnographic data, we explore how defendants are bound to their initial defenses. In addition, we ask whether the binding effect works similarly or differently in three distinct procedures. Our research is rooted in the analytical concepts of \"procedural history\" and \"discourse formation\" as presented by Niklas Luhmann and Michel Foucault. Both theories describe past statements as \"virulent\" in present stages: participants have to take their own histories into account when engaging in current dealings; current statements must confront past statements, generating inconsistency and contradiction. Empirically, the three authors explore variations of binding in the light of eight microhistorical case narratives collected during fieldwork in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. These microhistories trace the binding effects of early defenses through pretrial and trial. Our observations lead us to conclude that the binding mechanism appears less determinative in practice than in the claims of theory. Alongside the several effects of binding, we identify a variety of protections, interruptions, and even unbinding effects.
Journal Article