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"Schelhaas, Bruno"
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Das „Wiederkehren des Fragezeichens in der Karte“. Gothaer Kartenproduktion im 19. Jahrhundert
The publishing house of Justus Perthes in Gotha was one of the most important headquarters for the organization and communication of European scientific and popular geographical knowledge in the pre-academic stage of the discipline in the 19th century. Due to high quality and actuality of their cartographical products, Justus Perthes managed to become a leading institution for an international audience. Map production, scientific standardization, and a specific publishing system were part of the marketing. “Petermanns Mitteilungen”, directed by the brilliant August Petermann, became the most influential geographical journal of that period. The paper presents some examples of the history of African exploration, describing the mapping and publishing process. It allows an insight into different stages of the production, communication and transformation of geographical knowledge on the eve of the colonial partition of the continent. This process can also be described as a complex social network, composed by a number of different participants, meeting in several “cartographic encounters”.
Journal Article
Das „Wiederkehren des Fragezeichens in der Karte“. Gothaer Kartenproduktion im 19. Jahrhundert
The publishing house of Justus Perthes in Gotha was one of the most important headquarters for the organization and communication of European scientific and popular geographical knowledge in the pre-academic stage of the discipline in the 19th century. Due to high quality and actuality of their cartographical products, Justus Perthes managed to become a leading institution for an international audience. Map production, scientific standardization, and a specific publishing system were part of the marketing. “Petermanns Mitteilungen”, directed by the brilliant August Petermann, became the most influential geographical journal of that period. The paper presents some examples of the history of African exploration, describing the mapping and publishing process. It allows an insight into different stages of the production, communication and transformation of geographical knowledge on the eve of the colonial partition of the continent. This process can also be described as a complex social network, composed by a number of different participants, meeting in several “cartographic encounters”.
Journal Article
Das „Wiederkehren des Fragezeichens in der Karte“. Gothaer Kartenproduktion im 19. Jahrhundert
The publishing house of Justus Perthes in Gotha was one of the most important headquarters for the organization and communication of European scientific and popular geographical knowledge in the pre-academic stage of the discipline in the 19th century. Due to high quality and actuality of their cartographical products, Justus Perthes managed to become a leading institution for an international audience. Map production, scientific standardization, and a specific publishing system were part of the marketing. “Petermanns Mitteilungen”, directed by the brilliant August Petermann, became the most influential geographical journal of that period. The paper presents some examples of the history of African exploration, describing the mapping and publishing process. It allows an insight into different stages of the production, communication and transformation of geographical knowledge on the eve of the colonial partition of the continent. This process can also be described as a complex social network, composed by a number of different participants, meeting in several “cartographic encounters”.
Journal Article
The 'return of the question mark to the map'. 19th century maps made in Gotha
The publishing house of Justus Perthes in Gotha was one of the most important headquarters for the organization and communication of European scientific and popular geographical knowledge in the pre-academic stage of the discipline in the 19th century. Due to high quality and actuality of their cartographical products, Justus Perthes managed to become a leading institution for an international audience. Map production, scientific standardization, and a specific publishing system were part of the marketing. `Petermanns Mitteilungen', directed by the brilliant August Petermann, became the most influential geographical journal of that period. The paper presents some examples of the history of African exploration, describing the mapping and publishing process. It allows an insight into different stages of the production, communication and transformation of geographical knowledge on the eve of the colonial partition of the continent. This process can also be described as a complex social network, composed by a number of different participants, meeting in several `cartographic encounters'. Abstract printed by permission of Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany
Journal Article
Berufsgeographie in der DDR
Mit der Gründung des Fachverbandes der Berufsgeographen (FVB) innerhalb der Geographischen Gesellschaft der DDR formierte sich am 14. Januar 1967 – 17 Jahre nach der Gründung des Verbandes Deutscher Berufsgeographen in der Bundesrepublik – auch in der DDR eine Interessenvertretung der Berufsgeographen (vgl. die Rückblicke von Schmidt 1979 und Scholz & Schmidt 1987).Bei einer historischen Würdigung eines halben Jahrhunderts institutionalisierter Berufsgeographie in Deutschland scheint es dringend geboten, den Blick auch Richtung Osten zu richten: deutsche Geographiegeschichte ist gemeinsame Geschichte, aber auch doppelte Geschichte, Gegen-, Parallel- und Kontrastgeschichte.Dieser Rückblick auf einen Teil der DDR-Geographie kann sich auf einen reichen Fundus von Originalquellen und veröffentlichtem Material stützen. Der Nachlaß der Geographischen Gesellschaft der DDR wurde mit Abwicklung der Institutionen der DDR-Geographie und anschließenden Neugründung des Instituts für Länderkunde (IfL) dem Archiv für Geographie des IfL zur archivarischen Verwahrung und Erschließung übereignet. Eine systrematische Erschließung der Verbandsbestände erfolgt seit Mitte 1999 in dem von der VW-Stiftung finanzierten Projekt “Formale uund sachliche Erschließung der Aktenbestände von Fachverbänden auf dem Gebiet der deutschen Geographie”. Der Forschungsstand bezüglich der Verbandsgeschichte der deutschen Geographie, als auch bezüglich der Rekonstruktion der DDR-Geographie ist jedoch wenig zufriedenstellend (vgl. Schmidt & Richter 1995; Schelhaas 2000).
Journal Article
Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity has been explored in detail in herbaceous vegetation, but patterns in forests are far less well understood. Liang et al. have amassed a global forest data set from >770,000 sample plots in 44 countries. A positive and consistent relationship can be discerned between tree diversity and ecosystem productivity at landscape, country, and ecoregion scales. On average, a 10% loss in biodiversity leads to a 3% loss in productivity. This means that the economic value of maintaining biodiversity for the sake of global forest productivity is more than fivefold greater than global conservation costs. Science , this issue p. 196 Global forest inventory records suggest that biodiversity loss would result in a decline in forest productivity worldwide. The biodiversity-productivity relationship (BPR) is foundational to our understanding of the global extinction crisis and its impacts on ecosystem functioning. Understanding BPR is critical for the accurate valuation and effective conservation of biodiversity. Using ground-sourced data from 777,126 permanent plots, spanning 44 countries and most terrestrial biomes, we reveal a globally consistent positive concave-down BPR, showing that continued biodiversity loss would result in an accelerating decline in forest productivity worldwide. The value of biodiversity in maintaining commercial forest productivity alone—US$166 billion to 490 billion per year according to our estimation—is more than twice what it would cost to implement effective global conservation. This highlights the need for a worldwide reassessment of biodiversity values, forest management strategies, and conservation priorities.
Journal Article