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"Schexnider, Alvin J"
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Blacks and the Military
For much of the nation's history, the participation of blacks in the armed forces was approximately in line with their proportion in the total population. This changed during the 1970s: by 1980 one of every three Army GIs and one of every five marines were black. The reaction has been mixed. Many Americans look with approval on the growth of black participation in military service, since it often affords young blacks educational, social, and financial opportunities that constitute a bridge to a better life not otherwise available to them. But for other Americans, the opportunities are outweighed by the disproportionate imposition of the burden of defense on a segment of the population that has not enjoyed a fair share of the benefits that society confers. From this perspective, the likelihood that blacks would suffer at least a third-and perhaps a half-of the combat fatalities in the initial stages of conflict is considered immoral, unethical, or otherwise contrary to the percepts of democratic institutions. Some also worry that military forces with such a high fraction of blacks entail risks to U.S. national security, A socially unrepresentative force, it is argued, may lack the cohesion considered vital to combat effectiveness. Others fear that such a force would be unreliable if it were deployed in situations that would test the alliance of its minority members. And some have even expressed concern that a large proportion of blacks may raise questions about the status of U.S. fighting forces, as judged by the American public, that nation's allies, and its adversaries. The authors of this book examine evidence on both sides of the issue in an effort to bring objective scrutiny to bear on questions that for many years have been loaded with emotion and subjective reactions. They also discuss the implications for the military's racial composition of demographic, economic, and technological trends and the possible effects of returning to some form of conscription. Brookings Studies in Defense Policy
eBook
EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP: SECURING THE FUTURE OF BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
This article addresses the critical need for exceptional leaders to shepherd the nation's Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in a post-Brown era where African American students enjoy unlimited access to higher education in the United States. The article spotlights the many contributions Black colleges and universities have made to American society against insuperable odds since their inception in the mid-nineteenth century. It studies selected examples of HBCUs whose graduates have distinguished themselves in areas where other institutions enjoy centers of excellence. The article traces the historical inequities between major and minority institutions, the challenges HBCUs face in surmounting these disparities, and the growing tendency of Black students to exercise their options by enrolling at White colleges and universities. With the loss of a pure monopoly on African American students, Black colleges now must find leaders of exceptional talent and vision in order to ensure their survival. The article recommends strategies designed to surmount hurdles and enhance the viability of Black colleges and universities in an increasingly competitive environment. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
The Politics of Pragmatism: An Analysis of the 1989 Gubernatorial Election in Virginia
L. Douglas Wilder's election as governor of Virginia begs the question of the significance of race in electoral politics. The reasons behind the election of Wilder as governor of Viriginia are examined.
Journal Article
A requiem for St. Paul's College
From mid-June to early July, the media spotlight was fixated on Charlottesville, Va., where a very public power struggle between the president and the governing board of the University of Virginia exposed the political intrigue and inner workings of one of the nation's leading institutions of higher education. [...]in this instance and all others, I offer the following recommendations for HBCUs: * Governing boards must have a complete understanding of accrediting standards and the time required to plan and conduct self-studies.
Magazine Article